Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch NOAA National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service
      Publication_Date: 20060401
      Title: Current satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring global 50km HDF data file produced operationally in near-real-time by NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Edition: One
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote sensing image and gridded data
      Publication_Information: 
        Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA
        Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Online_Linkage: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/index.html
      Online_Linkage: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/
      Online_Linkage: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/data/current/current_all.hdf
  Description: 
    Abstract: This file contains a suite of NOAA Coral Reef Watch (CRW)'s most recent operational
      global satellite coral bleaching thermal stress monitoring raw data at 50km
      resolution produced twice-weekly in near-real-time. This HDF raw data file
      contains sea surface temperature (SST), SST anomaly, HotSpot, and Degree Heating
      Weeks (DHW) data. Satellite data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
      (AVHRR) on NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) are used to generate
      AVHRR-SST. The most recent AVHRR data obtained from the POES that is presently
      in operational mode are processed to generate the near-real-time SSTs. The SST anomaly
      is the difference of SST compared to daily SST climatology. The coral bleaching
      HotSpot is a special type of sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly and shows the
      difference of SST compared to a coral bleaching SST threshold climatology. Only the
      positive anomalies (potential thermal stress inducing coral bleaching) are highlighted.
      DHW is the accumulation of Coral Bleaching HotSpots over a period of 12 consecutive
      weeks. The DHW value at any particular location at any particular time is the
      summation of the product of HotSpot values which are at least 1 deg C above the
      bleaching threshold SST and their durations in weeks (in minimum 0.5 week for our
      twice-weekly DHW) over the most recent 12-week period. One DHW is equivalent to 1
      week of SST at 1 deg C above the threshold or 0.5 week of SST at 2 deg C above the
      threshold, etc. This data file is in Hierarchical Data Format Release 4 (HDF4) that
      is a commonly used data format. The data file are produced twice-weekly on every
      Tuesday (using AVHRR data from the previous Saturday through Monday) and on every
      Saturday (using AVHRR data from the previous Tuesday through Friday).
    Purpose: The twice-weekly near-real-time global 50km satellite coral bleaching thermal stress
      monitoring products were primarily developed for NOAA's Coral Reef Watch (CRW)
      for both monitoring and assessment of coral bleaching.
    Supplemental_Information: The SST chart created from this SST data is accessible at
      http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html
      The SST anomaly chart created from this SST anomaly data is accessible at
      http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html
      The coral bleaching HotSpot chart created from this HotSpot data is accessible at
      http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
      The coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks chart created from this Degree Heating
      Weeks data is accessible at
      http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 20010101
        Ending_Date: present
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: none planned
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: 179.5
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 85.0
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: -80.0
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature > Anomaly
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Bleaching HotSpot
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Degree Heating Week (DHW)
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans) > AVHRR
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Oceanography
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: oceans
      Theme_Keyword: 014
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Theme_Keyword: NOAA
      Theme_Keyword: CoRIS
      Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef Watch
      Theme_Keyword: POES
      Theme_Keyword: Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite
      Theme_Keyword: data
      Theme_Keyword: oceanography
      Theme_Keyword: physical oceanography
      Theme_Keyword: biological oceanography
      Theme_Keyword: marine ecosystem
      Theme_Keyword: SST anomaly
      Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature anomaly
      Theme_Keyword: HotSpot accumulation
      Theme_Keyword: accumulation
      Theme_Keyword: SST
      Theme_Keyword: sea surface
      Theme_Keyword: stress
      Theme_Keyword: thermal stress
      Theme_Keyword: temperature anomaly
      Theme_Keyword: coral bleaching HotSpot
      Theme_Keyword: monitoring
      Theme_Keyword: assessment
      Theme_Keyword: remote sensing
      Theme_Keyword: satellite
      Theme_Keyword: AVHRR
      Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature
      Theme_Keyword: temperature
      Theme_Keyword: temperature anomaly
      Theme_Keyword: HotSpot
      Theme_Keyword: Degree Heating Week
      Theme_Keyword: DHW
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands (09N168E0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands (09N168E0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Micronesia > Micronesia (07N150E0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Carolines > Micronesia (07N150E0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Mariana Archipelago > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Palau > Palau > Palau ( Belau ) (07N134E0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Carolines > Palau ( Belau ) (07N134E0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu (28N178W0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Navassa Island > Navassa Island > Navassa Island (18N075W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Navassa Island > Navassa Island > Navassa Island (18N075W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > East Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > East Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Lesser Antilles > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Florida
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Place_Keyword: globe
      Place_Keyword: ocean
      Place_Keyword: global oceans
    Temporal: 
      Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none
      Temporal_Keyword: real time
      Temporal_Keyword: near real time
      Temporal_Keyword: present
      Temporal_Keyword: current
  Access_Constraints: none
  Use_Constraints: Not intended for legal use. Data may contain inaccuracies due to clouded or mixed pixels.
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
        Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: Maryland
        Postal_Code: 20910-3226
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/current/key_sst_50km_field.html
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climo.html
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/climohot.html
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/dhw_retro.html
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: The browse images on these web pages are the graphic display of the data described in this metadata.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: GIF
Data_Quality_Information: 
  Attribute_Accuracy: 
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) AVHRR-SST values are accurate
      to within 0.5 degrees C and adjusted by in-situ information (buoys) to
      best-approximate SST at a depth of 1 meter. However, to provide a complete
      global coverage, estimation of SSTs at all pixels that are cloud
      covered may occasionally reduce the accuracy of SST at these pixels.
      The accuracy of the Degree Heating Weeks depends on the accuracy of Coral
      Bleaching HotSpots. No estimation on the HotSpots and SST anomalies has
      been done and only preliminary estimates exist for using DHWs to assess
      coral bleaching and mortality although they have demonstrated remarkable
      preliminary success in denoting most bleaching events.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: none
  Completeness_Report: Selected references:
    1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described
    in the following guide.
    Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S.
    Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
    National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National
    Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services
    Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304,
    USA. This manual is available on line at
    http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional
    information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876,
    Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov.
    2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved
    Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International
    Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL
    http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html.
    3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda,
    available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html
    4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface
    temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144.
    5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E.
    Bayler,  Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems:  Sea surface
    temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic
    Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer
    publishers, January, 2006.
  Positional_Accuracy: 
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: 
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Users are referred to the
        following guide on AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature.
        Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE.
        U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
        Administration National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information
        Service, National Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division,
        Satellite Services Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road,
        Suitland, MD 20746-4304, USA. This manual is available on line at
        http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional
        information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax:
        (828) 271-4876, Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov.
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: 
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: none
  Lineage: 
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS
          Publication_Date: 20000101
          Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global
            50km Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks
          Edition: one
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA
            Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Type_of_Source_Media: data file
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Range_of_Dates/Times: 
            Beginning_Date: 20000101
            Ending_Date: present
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks
      Source_Contribution: A copy of the source data is contained in this data file.
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS
          Publication_Date: 19970101
          Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global 50km Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots
          Edition: one
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA
            Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Type_of_Source_Media: data file
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Range_of_Dates/Times: 
            Beginning_Date: 19970101
            Ending_Date: present
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots
      Source_Contribution: A copy of the source data is contained in this data file.
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch, NOAA/NESDIS
          Publication_Date: 19970101
          Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global
            50km Satellite Nighttime AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies
          Edition: one
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA
            Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Type_of_Source_Media: data file
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Range_of_Dates/Times: 
            Beginning_Date: 20010101
            Ending_Date: present
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime SST Anomalies
      Source_Contribution: A copy of the source data is contained in this data file.
    Source_Information: 
      Source_Citation: 
        Citation_Information: 
          Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
            NOAA/NESDIS
          Publication_Date: 19970101
          Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Operational Twice-Weekly Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime
            AVHRR Sea Surface Temperatures
          Edition: one
          Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file
          Publication_Information: 
            Publication_Place: Suitland, Maryland, USA
            Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Type_of_Source_Media: data file
      Source_Time_Period_of_Content: 
        Time_Period_Information: 
          Range_of_Dates/Times: 
            Beginning_Date: 19970101
            Ending_Date: present
        Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition
      Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs
      Source_Contribution: A copy of the source data is contained in this data file.
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: At each pixel, climatological sea surface temperature value
        is subtracted from AVHRR sea surface temperature value to produce sea surface
        temperature anomaly. Coral bleaching sea surface temperature threshold
        climatological value is subtracted from AVHRR sea surface temperature value to
        produce coral bleaching HotSpot value. Degree Heating Weeks are calculated as
        the accumulation of coral bleaching HotSpots over the most recent 12 weeks.
        The global satellite sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature anomaly,
        coral bleaching HotSpots, and coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks are then
        stored in HDF format. Some references are listed below.
        1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described
        in the following guide.
        Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S.
        Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
        National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National
        Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services
        Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304,
        USA. This manual is available on line at
        http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional
        information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876,
        Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov.
        2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved
        Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International
        Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL
        http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html.
        3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda,
        available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html
        4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface
        temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144.
        5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E.
        Bayler,  Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems:  Sea surface
        temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic
        Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer
        publishers, January, 2006.
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching Degree Heating Weeks
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Coral Bleaching HotSpots
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime AVHRR SSTs
      Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Near-Real-Time Global Satellite Nighttime SST anomalies
      Process_Date: 20010101
      Process_Contact: 
        Contact_Information: 
          Contact_Organization_Primary: 
            Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
            Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch
          Contact_Address: 
            Address_Type: mailing and physical address
            Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy
            City: Silver Spring
            State_or_Province: Maryland
            Postal_Code: 20910-3226
            Country: USA
          Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109
          Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136
          Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: 
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information: 
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
    Row_Count: 331
    Column_Count: 720
Spatial_Reference_Information: 
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: 
    Geographic: 
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.5
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.5
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees
Entity_and_Attribute_Information: 
  Detailed_Description: 
    Entity_Type: 
      Entity_Type_Label: Degree Heating Weeks grid cell
      Entity_Type_Definition: 16-bit integer data elements in the coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks data
      Entity_Type_Definition_Source: self-evident
    Attribute: 
      Attribute_Label: coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks grid cell value
      Attribute_Definition: The coral bleaching Degree Heating Weeks in the location indicated
        by the pixel. In the Degree Heating Weeks data file, the units are in 100x degree Celsius-
        weeks and the values are stored as integer.
      Attribute_Definition_Source: Selected reference:
        1) The information for the AVHRR-derived sea surface temperature is described
        in the following guide.
        Goodrum G., K. B. Kidwell, and W. Winston, 2000, NOAA KLM USER'S GUIDE. U.S.
        Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
        National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, National
        Climatic Data Center, Climate Services Division, Satellite Services
        Branch, FOB3, Room G227, E/CC33, 5200 Auth Road, Suitland, MD 20746-4304,
        USA. This manual is available on line at
        http://www2.ncdc.noaa.gov/docs/klm/cover.htm. To request additional
        information contact: Telephone: (828) 271-4850, Telefax: (828) 271-4876,
        Email: satorder@ncdc.noaa.gov.
        2) Strong, A. E., C. S. Barrientos, C. Duda, and J. Sapper, 1997: Improved
        Satellite Technique for Monitoring Coral Reef Bleaching. Proc 8th International
        Coral Reef Symposium 2:1495-1498. Available also online at URL
        http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/icrs_dud.html.
        3) "New AVHRR Product -- Coral Reef Hotspots" by A. E. Strong and C. Duda,
        available at the URL http://www.osdpd.noaa.gov/PSB/EPS/SST/ashe_ab.html
        4) Liu, G., W. Skirving, and A.E. Strong. 2003. Remote sensing of sea surface
        temperatures during 2002 Barrier Reef coral bleaching. EOS, 84(15), 137-144.
        5) Skirving, W.J., A.E. Strong, G. Liu, C. Liu, F. Arzayus, J. Sapper and E.
        Bayler,  Extreme events and perturbations of coastal ecosystems:  Sea surface
        temperature change and coral bleaching. Chapter 2 in Remote Sensing of Aquatic
        Coastal Ecosystem Processes, L.L. Richardson and E.F. LeDrew (Co-Eds), Kluwer
        publishers, January, 2006.
      Attribute_Domain_Values: 
        Range_Domain: 
          Range_Domain_Minimum: 0
          Range_Domain_Maximum: 10000
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
        Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: Maryland
        Postal_Code: 20910-3226
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov
  Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does
    the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume
    liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data,
    nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: HDF4 format
        Format_Information_Content: Sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature anomaly, bleaching HotSpots,
          and Degree Heating Weeks as remote sensing images and gridded data
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Online_Option: 
          Computer_Contact_Information: 
            Network_Address: 
              Network_Resource_Name: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/
              Network_Resource_Name: http://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/satellite/hdf/data/current/current_all.hdf
          Access_Instructions: See web site http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/hdf4.html
        Offline_Option: 
          Offline_Media: CD-ROM
          Recording_Format: none
          Compatibility_Information: HDF4 is commonly recognized data format. See web site http://hdf.ncsa.uiuc.edu/hdf4.html
    Fees: none
    Ordering_Instructions: The product in HDF4 format may be downloaded from the Web, ftp, and OPeNDAP site or
      obtained from the distributor.
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20081023
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20081023
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch
        Contact_Person: C. Mark Eakin, Coordinator, NOAA Coral Reef Watch
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA E/RA31, SSMC1, Room 5308, 1335 East West Hwy
        City: Silver Spring
        State_or_Province: Maryland
        Postal_Code: 20910-3226
        Country: USA
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-2857 x 109
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3136
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov, mark.eakin@noaa.gov
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998