Baseline studies of Hawaiian nearshore marine biota directed toward the detection of introduced species and their impact have shown that nonindigenous introductions vary substantially from these average values, depending on the characteristics of the area surveyed. The most comprehensive survey conducted to date, a 1996 survey completed in Pearl Harbor (Coles et al. 1997; 1999), found 95 known or potentially nonindigenous species, which composed 23% of the 419 invertebrates, macroalgae, and fishes found. Only three nonindigenous invertebrates and one nonidigenous fish occurred at Midway Atoll in 1997 out of a total 444 taxa found (DeFelice et al. 1998). No nonindigenous algae or invertebrates were found in the nearshore and intertidal of Kahoóolawe Island in 1998 out of a total of 298 species observed or collected (Coles et al. 1998).
Despite the potential importance of Honolulu Harbor or other commercial harbors on Oahu as potential gateways for nonindigenous marine species to enter the Hawaiian marine ecosystem, no studies have previously been conducted of introduced species in Hawaiian commercial harbors, and little information is available for the composition of the marine communities for these harbors. Therefore, surveys were conducted in Honolulu Harbor and Keehi Lagoon in 1997, and in Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor in 1998. The results of this study are reported herein and the presence and impact of nonindigenous marine introductions in these harbors are evaluated
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Dr. Steve Coles, Ralph C. Felice, and Dr. Lu Eldredge
To examine introduced marine species and the composition of marine communities in Hawaiian commercial harbors.
The sampling and analysis process is summarized in Figure 13 in the original data document. Collections and observations were made by two experienced investigators sampling as large a variety of habitats as possible at each station while snorkeling or using Scuba. One diver sampled fouling organisms growing on hard surfaces from the intertidal zone to the bottom by scraping three samples of approximately 0.1 m2 each. The other diver observed fishes swimming in the area, recorded their identities and also noted the presence of abundant invertebrate megafauna and macroalgae. Collected organisms, which range 4-8 liters in total volume for each station were inspected on site and selected hydroids and tunicates were removed to be relaxed in a solution of Epsom salts and seawater before preserving in 5% formalin. The remaining organisms were preserved on site in 70% alcohol before returning the samples to the laboratory for sorting and identification of organisms.
Sediment-dwelling organisms and their substratum were collected by inserting a 12.5 cm diameter cylinder 15 cm into the sediment, closing off the bottom and top with lids and then transporting the sample to the laboratory where it was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh size screen. A subsample of 10 to 25 cm3 was retained from each sample for determination of micromollusc populations.
Specimens collected were sorted and identified to species or the lowest practicable taxa,
using dissecting or compound microscope magnification when necessary. Identifications were made using descriptions
available in Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaiói Sections 1 to 4 (published), 5 and 6 (unpublished), various taxonomic
references, and voucher specimens in the Bishop Museum collections. Specimens from various groups were sent to
taxonomic experts for verification of preliminary identifications (see Acknowledgments).
Reference:
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Bernice P. Bishop Museum Collections -
Bishop Museum collections databases for algae, invertebrates, malacology and ichthyology were reviewed for all marine or estuarine organisms indicated to have been collected in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor or the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor. The retrieved data were assembled into a combined database for Oahu south shore harbors (other than Pearl Harbor) containing taxa identity, taxonomic authority, collection location and date, collector and collectors notes, when available. This information is included with the general listing of all taxa for the study developed from all sources and presented in Appendix C of the main report included in this data set.
Data Analysis -
All organisms identified from the current field study were entered on an Access database relational with the databases for previous literature reports and museum collections of organisms from Pearl Harbor. The combined information was used to track the occur
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- Dataset credit required. The Bishop Museum and/or the National Oceanographic Data Center would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.
NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
| Data format: | Original document files in Microsoft Word with accompanying EXCEL spreadsheet tables, redundant .txt files. This data set consists of a multi-page study report with accompanying captioned maps and diagrams of station locations and methodologies, and multiple tables and appendices. Accompanying original data is contained in EXCEL spreadsheets. in format MS Word DOC (version 19991230) |
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