Marine Species Survey of Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean, June 2000 (NODC Accession 0000679)

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Coles, S.L., Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum, DeFelice, R.C., Bishop Museum and Dept. of Zoology, University of Hawaii, D.Minton, and Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii, 200101, Marine Species Survey of Johnston Atoll, Central Pacific Ocean, June 2000 (NODC Accession 0000679): Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.

   Online Links:

   • https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/697

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -169.53278

   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -169.46611

   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 16.78611

   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 16.71214

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 16-Jun-2002

   Beginning_Time: 0800

   Ending_Date: 20-Jun-2002

   Ending_Time: 1700

   Currentness_Reference: ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   The following files are provided in ../../data/PDF :FILE FORMAT CONTENTjohnstonreport.pdf PDF complete reportjohnstonreport.ps PostScript samestationdescp.txt ASCII station descriptionstationmap.jpg JPEG station maptable01.jpg JPEG Sampling station informationtable01.txt ASCII sametable02.jpg JPEG Total numbers of taxatable02.txt ASCII sametable03.jpg JPEG Cryptogenic and nonindigenousspeciestable03.txt ASCII sametable04.jpg JPEG Shannon's H'sub-10 diversity indicestable04.txt ASCII sameThe following files are provided in ../../data/EXCELFILE CONTENTBPBM.xls Species list (nonindigenous in bold)BPBM.csv ASCII redundant copyStation_Dates.xls station informationStation_Dates.csv

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • S.L. Coles
   • Hawaii Biological Survey, Bishop Museum
   • R.C. DeFelice
   • Bishop Museum and Dept. of Zoology, University of Hawaii
   • D.Minton
   • Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   Dr. Michael Molina, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Area Office, Honolulu, Hawaii

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Steve L. Coles

   Scientist

   Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St.

   Honolulu, HI
   

   U.S.A.

   (808) 847-8256 (voice)

   (808) 841-8968 (FAX)

   slcoles@bishopmuseum.org

   Hours_of_Service: 9:00 - 5:00PM, Pacific time

   Contact_Instructions: E-mail/phone/letter

Why was the data set created?

The primary purpose was to identify non-indigenous or cryptogenic species in the marine ecosystem.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   Brock and others, 1965 (source 1 of 8)

   Brock, V. E., Jones, R. S., and Helfrich, P., 1965, An Ecological Reconnaissance of Johnston Island and the Effects of Dredging..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: report on Johnston Island

   Brock and others, 1966 (source 2 of 8)

   Brock, V. E., Heukelem, W. van, and Helfrich, P., 1996, An ecological reconnaissance of Johnston Island and the effects of dredging.

   Other_Citation_Details:

   Second annual report. Univ. of Hawaii, Hawaii Inst. Mar. Biol., HIMB Tech. Rep. No.11, Honolulu

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Biodiversity of marine communities

   Coles and others, 1997 (source 3 of 8)

   Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C., Smith, J. E., Muir, D., and Eldredge, L. G., 1998, Determination of baseline conditions for introduced marine species in nearshore waters of the island of Kaho'olawe, Hawaii: Hawaii Bishop Museum Technical Report No. 14.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: observations on introduced species

   Coles and others, 1998 (source 4 of 8)

   Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C., Smith, J. E., Muir, D., and Eldredge, L. G., 1998, Determination of baseline conditions for introduced marine species in nearshore waters of the island of Kaho'olawe, Hawaii: Bishop Museum, Technical Report No.14, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: introduced marine species study

   Coles and others, 1999a (source 5 of 8)

   Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C., and Eldredge, L. G., 1999, Historical and recent introductions to non-indigenous marine species into Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaiian Islands: Marine Biology 135: 1247-158.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: non-indigenous marine species study

   Coles and others, 1999b (source 6 of 8)

   Coles, S. L., DeFelice, R. C., and EJdredge., L. G., 1999, Nonindigenous marine species introductions in the harbors of the south and west shores of Oahu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Technical Report Rep. No.15, Bishop Museum, Honululu, Hawaii.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: non-indigenous species study

   DeFelice and others, 1998 (source 7 of 8)

   DeFelice, R. C., Coles, S. L., Muir, D., and Eldredge, L. G., 1998, Investigation of the marine communities of Midway Harbor and adjacent lagoon, Midway Atoll, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands: Bishop Museum, Hawaiian Biological Survey Contr. No.1998-014, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, Hawaii.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: marine community investigation

   Jokiel and Tyler, 1992 (source 8 of 8)

   Jokiel, P. L., and W. A. Tyler, III, 1992, Distribution of stony corals in Johnston Atoll lagoon: Proc. 7th Intern. Coral Reef Symp. 2: 683-692..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: distribution of stony corals

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)

   Samples were collected using methods previously employed on non-indigenous species surveys in Hawaii and Midway (Coles et al. 1997;Coles et al.1998; Coles et al, 1999a; Coles et al. 1999b; DeFelice etal, 1998). Some of the sampling stations were located to be near sites previously sampled (Brock et al, 1965; Brock et al. 1966) and (Jokieland Tyler 1992), others were located in important sites such as in the harbor, along dredge channels or near the Johnston Island sewage outfall. Collections and observations were made by three experienced investigators sampling as large a variety of habitats as possible at each station while using Scuba. Two divers sampled organisms growing on hard surfaces and in sediments from the intertidal zone to the base of the reef. The third diver recorded the identities of fishes swimming in the area, noted the presence of abundant invertebrate macrofauna and macroalgae, and photographed and collected corals for identification of both the corals and their commensal organisms. Macro-organisms were collected by hand, hard surfaces were scraped with a chisel, and several liters of coral rubble were placed in an 80 um mesh bag and transported back to the laboratory for later inspection and removal of cryptic organisms. Where sediments were present at a station, 500 cc of sand was collected in plastic bags and later air-dried prior to hand sorting for micromollusks under a dissecting microscope. A subsample of 20 cc was sorted from each sample. When present at a survey site, whole macroalgae plants were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol, and epiphytic organisms were later rinsed from the algae and preserved in ethanol for future processing. Collected organisms,which range 4-8 liters in total volume for each station were inspected onsite, and selected hydroids, anemones and tunicates were removed and relaxedin a solution of Epsom salts and seawater before preserving in 5% formalin.The remaining organisms were preserved on site in 70% alcohol before returning the samples to the laboratory for sorting and identification of organisms. Specimens collected were sorted and identified to species or the lowest practicable taxa, using dissecting or compound microscope magnification when necessary. Identifications were made using descriptions available in Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawai'i Sections 1 to 4 (published), 5 and 6 (unpublished),various taxonomic references, and voucher specimens in the Bishop Museum collections. Specimens from various groups were sent to taxonomic experts for final identifications, given by the following specialists: Macroalgae: Mr. Jack Fisher, Bishop Museum Hydroids: Dr Dale Calder, Royal Ontario Museum Zoantharians: Dr. Daphne Fautin, University of Kansas Isopods: Dr. Brian Kensley, U.S. National Museum of Natural History Bryozoans: Ms. Chela Zabin, University of Hawaii Ophiuroids: Dr. Gordon Hendler, Los Angeles County Museum Ascidians: Dr. Gretchen Lambert, California State University at Fullerton Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Steve L. Coles

   Scientist

   Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St.

   Honolulu, HI
   

   U.S.A.

   (808) 847-8256 (voice)

   (808) 841-8968 (FAX)

   slcoles@bishopmuseum.org

   Hours_of_Service: 9:00 - 5:00PM, Pacific time

   Contact_Instructions: E-mail/phone/letter

   Data sources used in this process:

   • Brock and others, 1965
   • Brock and others, 1966
   • Coles and others, 1997
   • Coles and others, 1998
   • Coles and others, 1999a
   • Coles and others, 1999b
   • DeFelice and others, 1998
   • Jokiel and Tyler, 1992

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   the survey was 100% completed
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   see Lineage - Process Step

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center

   Attn: Data Access Group, User Services Team

   SSMC-3 Fourth Floor

   Silver Spring, MD
   

   USA

   301-713-3277 (voice)

   301-713-3302 (FAX)

   services@nodc.noaa.gov

   Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	ASCII
     Network links:	https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/697

   • Cost to order the data:
     Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data.

   • Special instructions:

     Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 29-Mar-2020
Last Reviewed: 13-Nov-2008
To be reviewed: 01-Aug-2005

Metadata author:

Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell

NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC

Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison

1000 Pope Road, MSB 316

Honolulu, Hawaii

USA

(808)-956-4105 (voice)

(808) 956-2352 (FAX)

caldwell@hawaii.edu

Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays

Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)