Preliminary hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate map derived from an unsupervised classification of gridded backscatter and bathymetry derivatives of Ni'ihau Island, Hawaii, USA.

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: 20130404
Title:
Preliminary hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate map derived from an unsupervised classification of gridded backscatter and bathymetry derivatives of Ni'ihau Island, Hawaii, USA.
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
Online_Linkage: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/
Online_Linkage:
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/data-by-location/main-hawaiian-islands/nihau/geomorphology/
Description:
Abstract:
Preliminary hard and soft seafloor substrate map derived from an unsupervised classification of multibeam backscatter and bathymety derivatives of Ni'ihau Island, Hawaii, USA . The dataset was derived using Reson 8101 backscatter data, bathymetric variance and bathymetric rugosity. The sonar frequency is 240 kHz for the Reson 8101 backscatter data, which were resampled to a 5 m grid cell size prior to the classification. Limited seafloor photographs for groundtruthing are available for Ni'ihau Island and therefore no supervised classification was performed and we are unable to visually or empirically evaluate the accuracy of the unsupervised classification seafloor substrate map. However, in locations such French Frigate Shoals, NWHI and Tutuila, American Samoa, where ground truth data are available, the unsupervised classification method is a robust predictor of substrate type in similar depth ranges and seafloor environments.
Purpose:
The hard and soft seafloor map is being used to improve sampling techniques for long-term ecosystem monitoring, to guide future ground-truthing operations and to identify coral-rich and species specific environments. This is a preliminary product and the methods used to generate the map are currently being evaluated for their accuracy.
Supplemental_Information:
Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were collected aboard the R/V AHI (Acoustic Habitat Investigator) and the NOAA Ship Hiialakai. See the metadata for those datasets served separately at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. The bathymetric rugosity dataset is also served separately at the same website. The bathymetric variance grids were generated for use in the classification process and are not served separately. See the process description portion of this document for additional information about how the variance and unsupervised layers were derived.
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20050613
Ending_Date: 20050708
Currentness_Reference: ground condition
Status:
Progress: Complete
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
Spatial_Domain:
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.292237
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.017010
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.056916
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.729768
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
Theme_Keyword:
Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization in the Pacific Islands Region
Theme_Keyword: 467
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Rugosity
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > geomorphology Mapping
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
Theme_Keyword: 010
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information > Habitats
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Niihau
Place_Keyword: Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Main Hawaiian Islands
Place_Keyword: United States of America
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
Place_Keyword:
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kauai > Niihau Island (21N160W0001)
Place_Keyword:
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Niihau Island > Niihau Island (21N160W0001)
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints:
These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please acknowledge the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), and the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
Browse_Graphic:
Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/MHI_images/Niihau_mb_hs_445.jpg
Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Hard and Soft Seafloor Substrate
Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG, PDF
Data_Set_Credit: PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA, and JIMAR
Security_Information:
Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
Data are collected for resource management and research purposes and are tested for internal consistency; however, no effort is made to compare these data to external references or to other published data.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
These data are believed to be logically consistent though no tests were performed
Completeness_Report: Complete
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS) Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
1 m Range resolution of sonar ~1.25 cm Raw sounding resolution: Variable Vertical accuracy of gridded product: 1% of water depth
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Processing steps used to generate the backscatter, bathymetry, and bathymetric rugosity grids used in the unsupervised classification process are described in their own metadata that can be found at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. Backscatter data were resampled to 5 m grid cell size using the Raster Resample Tool in the ArcMap Version 9.2 Toolbox. Resampling of the backscatter was performed after charted data in the GeoTIFF format for the individual sonar systems were mosaicked using the ArcMap Version 9.2 Toolbox Mosaic to New Raster function. Mosaics were created in the ESRI GRID format. Bathymetric variance was calculated from the 5 m bathymetry in a two-step process using ArcMap Version 9.2. The first step involved calculating the standard deviation of the bathymetry layer using the Neighborhood Statistic tool from the Spatial Analyst pull-down menu in ArcMap Version 9.2. Rectangular neighborhood settings were set to a height and width of 3 grid cells to create a small-scale variance layer. The standard deviation output was then squared using the ArcMap Raster Calculater tool. A large-scale variance layer was also generated using a rectangular neighborhood height and width of 5 grid cells. The fine-scale variance is useful for defining small features that may indicate the presence of sediment ripples or possible coral-rich areas whereas the large-scale variance is useful for defining seafloor ridges, pinnacles, and significant changes in slope. Bathymetric variance proved to be a useful tool in previous efforts to map seafloor habitats by Dartnell and Gardner (2004). Their publication can be downloaded from www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_documentation.htm Bathymetric rugosity was calculated using the ArcGIS Benthic Terrain Modeler (D.J. Wright et al., 2005) accessible at download at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/products/btm. The layers were then opened as ESRI GRIDS in the image processing software package ENVI (Environment for Visualizing Images) Version 4.3. Two multi-band images were then created with the backscatter, small- and large-scale variance, and rugosity. A mask was also created in ENVI for each backscatter dataset. Image classification was performed separately on the two multi-band images using the K-Means unsupervised classification method, which calculates initial class means evenly distributed in the data space and then iteratively clusters the pixels into the nearest class using a minimum distance technique. More information about K-Means algorithm can be found in the ENVI documentation available at www.ittvis.com/envi/. The number of classes was set to two and all other options were set to default. Class color mapping was performed on the resulting classified images. The substrate types of hard and soft were assigned based on a visual interpretation of backscatter intensity and corresponding classes. The photographs, classifications, and descriptions of the classification process are available for download at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc.
Process_Date: 20130310

Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
Raster_Object_Information:
Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
Row_Count: 36305
Column_Count: 28163
Vertical_Count: 1

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Planar:
Grid_Coordinate_System:
Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
UTM_Zone_Number: 4
Transverse_Mercator:
Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159
Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
False_Easting: 500000
False_Northing: 0
Planar_Coordinate_Information:
Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
Coordinate_Representation:
Abscissa_Resolution: 1
Ordinate_Resolution: 1
Planar_Distance_Units: meters
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Depth_System_Definition:
Depth_Datum_Name: mean lower low water
Depth_Resolution: 0.01
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
Overview_Description:
Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: none
Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
Distribution_Liability:
These data are not to be used for navigational purposes. NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: Arc ASCII
Format_Information_Content:
Arc ASCII can be converted to Arc Raster using ArcToolbox Conversion Tools (ASCIItoRaster).
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Online_Option:
Computer_Contact_Information:
Network_Address:
Network_Resource_Name:
ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/mhi/benthichabitatlayers/Niihau_mb_hs.zip
Fees: None

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20200329
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: USA
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time
Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
Metadata_Use_Constraints: None

CoRIS:
CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/NII_hs.html
CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 6663

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