CRED REA Belt Surveys of Coral Population and Disease Assessments at Tutuila Island, American Samoa in 2010

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Spatial_Reference_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information
• CoRIS

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Publication_Date: 20120228

Title:

CRED REA Belt Surveys of Coral Population and Disease Assessments at Tutuila Island, American Samoa in 2010

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet

Online_Linkage:

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/ecosystems/coral-reefs-pacific

Description:

Abstract:

To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 17-28 February 2010, belt transect surveys of coral population and diseases quantitative assessments were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI1001 in American Samoa at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, there were 23 surveys in total conducted at REA sites around Tutuila Island in American Samoa. At the specific REA sites, coral biologists along with algal biologists and marine invertebrate zoologist entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats. As a part of REA surveys, the coral belt surveys were focused on quantifying the diversity, abundance, density, and size-class distribution of the anthozoan and hydrozoan corals as well as the condition and health state of the coral reef populations. The surveys were conducted along two consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The belt width was 1-m wide, 0.5-m on each side of the transect line. Within each 25m transect, five 2.5-meter segments were surveyed (beginning at points: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 meters), whereby in each segment, all coral colonies whose center fell within 0.5m of either side of the transect line were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species) and two planar size metrics were collected: maximum diameter and diameter perpendicular to the maximum diameter. In addition, the extent of mortality, both recent and old, was estimated for each colony. Observers paid special attention to identifying as best as possible the extent of the former live colony. When a coral colony exhibited signs of disease or compromised health, additional information was recorded including type of affliction (bleaching, skeletal growth anomaly, white syndrome, tissue loss other than white syndrome, trematodiasis, necrosis, other, pigmentation responses, algal overgrowth, and predation), severity of the affliction (mild, moderate, marked, severe, acute), as well as photographic documentation and sometimes tissue samples. Tissue samples were catalogued and fixed in buffered zinc-formalin solution for further histopathological analyses. Raw survey data included species presence and relative abundance, colony counts per taxon, size (width and length), mortality, predation, and health status. A surveyed area was ranging from 10m2 to 25m2 per site.

Purpose:

Part of a long-term monitoring program at biennial intervals which documents the state of the reefs.

Supplemental_Information:

Maximum depth was 22 meters. Corals genera and disease observed: Year Region Island SPC_Code Species 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PHAI Psammocora haimeana 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MOSP Montipora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MANG Montipora angulata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LEPT Leptastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PAVS Pavona sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ACYT Acropora cytherea 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MCUR Montastrea curta 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PASP Palythoa sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PRUS Porites rus 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LPUR Leptastrea purpurea 2010 SAMOA Tutuila POSP Porites sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LEPS Leptoria sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LESP Leptoseris sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila HEXE Hydnophora exesa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PVAR Pavona varians 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CLSP Cladiella sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PMEA Pocillopora meandrina 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ASAM Acropora samoensis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CYPS Cyphastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PLSP Platygyra sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SISP Sinularia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MONS Montastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ACSP Acropora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FASP Favia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PEYD Pocillopora eydouxi 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MCAL Montipora caliculata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FMAT Favia matthaii 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MFOV Montipora foveolata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CEXE Coscinaraea exesa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila GFAS Galaxea fascicularis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila EGEM Echinopora gemmacea 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LPRU Leptastrea pruinosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila COSP Coscinaraea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PCHI Pavona chiriquensis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PAUS Porites australiensis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LMYC Leptoseris mycetoseroides 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PNIE Psammocora nierstraszi 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FPAL Favia pallida 2010 SAMOA Tutuila GOAS Goniastrea aspera 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PVER Pocillopora verrucosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PWOO Pocillopora woodjonesi 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PMIN Pavona minuta 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SCAS Stylophora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FUSP Fungia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SYSP Symphyllia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FAVS Favites sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PPIN Platygyra pini 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ALSP Alveopora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CYSP Cyphastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila GOSP Goniastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ECHL Echinophyllia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FGRA Fungia granulosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PLOB Porites lobata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CCOL Coscinaraea columna 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PLUT Porites lutea 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ECHP Echinopora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila RHSP Rhodadactis sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ASSP Astreopora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila STSP Stylocoeniella sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FSTE Favia stelligera 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LOBP Lobophyllia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila STYS Stylocoeniella sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila AHUM Acropora humilis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila AVAL Acropora valida 2010 SAMOA Tutuila AMYR Astreopora myriophthalma 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PVEN Pavona venosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ICRA Isopora crateriformis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FDAN Favia danae 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MINC Montipora incrassata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila GEDW Goniastrea edwardsi 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MVEC Montipora verrucosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila HMIC Hydnophora microconis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LBEW Leptastrea bewickensis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila POCS Pocillopora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FPEN Favites pentagonia 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LINC Leptoseris incrustans 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LSCA Leptoseris scabra 2010 SAMOA Tutuila EECH Echinophyllia echinata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MPEL Montipora peltiformis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila GRET Goniastrea retiformis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila UNKW Unknown 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PACS Pachyseris sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PMAL Pavona maldivensis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila AHYA Acropora hyacinthus 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PMUR Porites murrayensis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FSCU Fungia scutaria 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FFUN Fungia fungites 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SREC Symphyllia recta 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ACAS Acanthastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ELAM Echinopora lamellosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PCYL Porites cylindrica 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PACH Pachyclavularia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FABD Favites abdita 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ANOB Acropora nobilis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila AABR Acropora abrotanoides 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PLDA Platygyra daedalea 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ISOP Isopora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila LOBS Lobophyllia sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PSSP Pssamocora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila APAN Acropora paniculata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila GASP Goniastrea aspera 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MTUR Montipora turgescens 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PMON Porites monticulosa 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FFAV Favia favus 2010 SAMOA Tutuila DISP Diploastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PRSP Protopalythoa sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MISP Millepora sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ARAN Astreopora randalli 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MVER Montipora verrilli 2010 SAMOA Tutuila TUBA Tubastrea sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MAMP Merulina ampliata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila MELE Mycedium elephantotus 2010 SAMOA Tutuila TURS Turbinaria sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PDAM Pocillopora damicornis 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SARM Stylocoeniella armata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FREP Fungia repanda 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SARS Sarcophyton sp 2010 SAMOA Tutuila HLIM Herpolitha limax 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SPIS Stylophora pistillata 2010 SAMOA Tutuila HYSP Hydnophora sp

Year Region Island DZ_Code Diseases Present 2010 SAMOA Tutuila ALG Algal Infection 2010 SAMOA Tutuila BLE Bleaching 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CFD Coralline Fungal Disease 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CLD Coralline Lethal Disease 2010 SAMOA Tutuila CLOD Coralline Lethal Orange Disease 2010 SAMOA Tutuila DIS Discoloration 2010 SAMOA Tutuila FUG Fungal Infection 2010 SAMOA Tutuila HYP Pigmentation Response 2010 SAMOA Tutuila PRE Predation 2010 SAMOA Tutuila SGA Skeletal Growth Anomalies 2010 SAMOA Tutuila TIN Tube worm infections 2010 SAMOA Tutuila TLS Tissue Loss

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20100217

Ending_Date: 20100228

Currentness_Reference: Ground condition

Status:

Progress: In Work

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: asNeeded

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.8612764

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.5045149

North_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.22005532

South_Bounding_Coordinate: -14.38281981

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter

Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project

Theme_Keyword:

Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the U.S. Pacific Islands and Atolls

Theme_Keyword: 1221

Theme_Keyword:

Incidence and characterization of coral diseases in the U.S. Pacific Islands

Theme_Keyword: 1841

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: Marine Ecosystem

Theme_Keyword: Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP)

Theme_Keyword: Rapid Ecoligical Assessments (REA)

Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef

Theme_Keyword: Coral

Theme_Keyword: American Samoa

Theme_Keyword: Tutuila Island

Theme_Keyword: HI1001

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology > Coral cover

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Rapid assessment studies

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: biota

Theme_Keyword: 002

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: American Samoa

Place_Keyword: Tutuila Island

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: South Pacific

Place_Keyword: Tutuila Island

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus

Place_Keyword:

OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)

Place_Keyword:

COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > Tutuila Island (14S170W0016)

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region

Place_Keyword: AmSam

Access_Constraints: Data are available two years following data collection date.

Use_Constraints:

Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: NOAA IRC

Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED

Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96818

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov

Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Data_Set_Credit:

Erin Looney, Bernardo Vargas-Angel, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

Security_Information:

Security_Classification_System: Not applicable

Security_Classification: Unclassified

Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Oracle

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Observations were made by two divers who are experts in coral biology. The population parameter survey is conducted one time per site per survey year; it is not replicated.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

With the exception of the non-quantitative survey along the backreef, the same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location, and were conducted by the same scientists.

Completeness_Report:

The survey sites were selected to be representative of the dominant habitats at this reef system. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded the team from surveying windward or exposed sites.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: GPS unit

Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge

Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.3

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

REA surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral, algae, and other macroinvertebrate communities. The surveys were conducted using a combination of dive teams which generally included a two person coral/coral disease team and a combined team of two algae biologists and one macroinvertebrate biologist. The majority of REA surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes of individual islands at depths between 10 and 20 m. However, additional surveyed habitats included a lagoonal-type patch reef and offshore oceanic banks. During REA surveys, biological assessment teams follow highly structured protocols that are repeated at each REA site. Upon arrival at an REA site, two teams of divers enter the water over spaced time intervals. The algal/invertebrate team firstly enters the water and deploys a 25-m transect line. After approximately 20 min, the coral team enters the water and begins to work along the first transect line. By this time the algal/invertebrate team has deployed and begun surveys along a second 25-m transect. The sampling effort takes between 60 and 80 min to complete. The selection of REA sites was made in close consultation with Coral Reef Advisory Group (CRAG) and local agencies. Factors considered during REA site selection included: (1) ensuring a range of sample sites representative of the benthic and reef fish habitats around each island; (2) selecting a mixture of sites within and outside of marine protected areas; (3) selecting a mixture of both 'impacted' and 'least impacted' sites; (4) selecting some sites adjacent to local villages, and (5) selecting a number of sites that could be compared to and complement previous assessment and monitoring work as well as future coral reef monitoring proposed by CRAG and local agencies. It is important to note that access to REA sites can be limited by wave exposure, weather conditions, and other environmental factors such as currents, which can affect the ability to resurvey sites between years. Transect placement was guided by: (1) a focus on hard-bottom communities; (2) deploying lines along an isobath to the extent possible at each site, and (3) laying the transect lines into the prevailing current.

Process_Date: Unknown

Spatial_Reference_Information:

Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Geographic:

Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001

Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001

Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees

Geodetic_Model:

Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)

Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80)

Semi-major_Axis: 6378137

Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.2572236

Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:

Depth_System_Definition:

Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface

Depth_Resolution: 1

Depth_Distance_Units: meters

Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit Depth Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: NOAA IRC

Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED

Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96818

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov

Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Resource_Description: Offline Data

Distribution_Liability:

While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: XLS (Microsoft Excel worksheet)

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Offline_Option:

Offline_Media: CDROM, or email

Recording_Format: ISO 9660

Fees: None if receiving the data online

Custom_Order_Process: Contact CRED data management team for information

Technical_Prerequisites: Contact CRED data management team for information

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20190605

Metadata_Review_Date: 20101021

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: NOAA IRC

Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED

Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96818

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov

Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Metadata_Standard_Name: the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

CoRIS:

CoRIS_ID: 20101021014717

CoRIS_Children: None

CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20100217

CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20100228

CoRIS_Metadata_Link:

https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_rea_coral_tutuila_2010.html

CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 6020