CReefs Biodiversity Census at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument, 2006

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Metadata:


Identification_Information:
Citation:
Citation_Information:
Originator:
Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs), Census of Marine Life (CoML)
Originator:
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Publication_Date: Unknown
Title:
CReefs Biodiversity Census at French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument, 2006
Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Online_Linkage: https://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/cred/creefs.php
Online_Linkage: http://www.coml.org/projects/census-coral-reefs-creefs
Online_Linkage: https://www.aims.gov.au/data
Description:
Abstract:
Personnel from the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Panama City Laboratory, Southeast Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the National Park Service, the University of Hawaii Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, and Botany Department, the University of Florida, Florida Museum of Natural History, the Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, the University of Puerto Rico, and the Institute de Ciencias do Mar in Brazil conducted a Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs) biodiversity census at French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument as part of the international Census of Marine Life (CoML). To increase baseline knowledge of biodiversity at a select location on a gradient of human disturbance, namely French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument (Papahanaumokuakea), from 08 - 28 October, 2006, 13 scientists, selected locally and internationally for their expertise, conducted biodiversity surveys and specimen collection using a suite of sampling techniques. Lesser known cryptic invertebrates, algae, and microbes were targeted to fill gaps in current knowledge. Specimens were photodocumented, and up to 5 specimens from each morphospecies were preserved for further identification, molecular analysis, and retention in museum collections.
Purpose:
To increase baseline knowledge of biodiversity over gradients of human disturbance, a somewhat pristine location was selected within the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, to sample lesser known cryptic invertebrates, algae, and microbes, utilizing an array of methodologies.
Supplemental_Information:
All activities were covered by the following permits: NWHIMNM-2006-015, with amendments A1 to A5, and DLNR.NWHI06R021 with associated amendments. Some information was collected on potential new species of coral by a coral expert. Potential new species/new records found during testing of methods near Oahu in the Main Hawaiian Islands prior to departure. Actual dates on site at French Frigate Shoals, 10-26 October 2006. Maximum depth was 14 meters. Invertebrates observed: see https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/coris/data/NOAA/nmfs/pifsc/cred/creefs/CReefs_FFS_2006_taxa.xls and Cruise Report CR0611 (http://www.pifsc.noaa.gov/library/pubs/cruise/Sette/CR0611b-REB.pdf)
Time_Period_of_Content:
Time_Period_Information:
Range_of_Dates/Times:
Beginning_Date: 20061008
Ending_Date: 20101231
Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
Status:
Progress: In Work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: asNeeded
Spatial_Domain:
Description_of_Geographic_Extent:
Reefs surrounding French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands. Habitat types included forereef, reef crest, back reef, inter-tidal, lagoon sand, lagoon patch reef, la perouse, acropora area, halimeda field, arc shell reef, deep bank top, deep reef slope, and pelagic.
Bounding_Coordinates:
West_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.354917
East_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.051027
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.884988
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.62388
Keywords:
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine algae
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Microbes
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Census of Marine Life (CoML)
Theme_Keyword: Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs)
Theme_Keyword: Biodiversity
Theme_Keyword: Census
Theme_Keyword: Invertebrates
Theme_Keyword: Coral
Theme_Keyword: Algae
Theme_Keyword: Microbes
Theme_Keyword: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Theme_Keyword: French Frigate Shoals
Theme_Keyword: OES-06-11 (OES-47)
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: 002
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: 014
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
Theme_Keyword: Monitoring Indices of Coral Reef Biodiversity
Theme_Keyword: 1987
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
Place_Keyword:
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)
Place_Keyword:
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001)
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
Place_Keyword: French Frigate Shoals
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
Place_Keyword: NWHI
Access_Constraints:
Data are available via the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division within 1 year following data analysis. Not all data will be analyzed at same time or rate, depending on funding, taxonomists' time, and proper identification and description of new species.
Use_Constraints:
Please cite CRED, CReefs, and Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument co-trustees when using the data. Any data analyzed, posted or published by partnering scientists must be credited to said scientists. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs), Census of Marine Life (CoML).
Point_of_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs), Census of Marine Life (CoML) at the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: U.S.A.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
Data_Set_Credit:
Any data analyzed, posted or published by partnering scientists must be credited to said scientists; Census of Coral Reef Ecosystems (CReefs), Census of Marine Life (CoML); Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); and Papahanaumokuakea Marine National Monument co-trustees.

Data_Quality_Information:
Attribute_Accuracy:
Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
The collections and observations were made by trained ecologists including invertebrate and algal taxonomists, a scientist to collect microbial samples, and a corals expert.
Logical_Consistency_Report:
The same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location.
Completeness_Report:
Thirteen survey sites were selected to be representative of the dominant habitats at this reef system, a range of specific organism types were targeted, and a range of methods were utilized to thoroughly sample each site.
Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: GPS unit
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge
Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.3
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters
Lineage:
Process_Step:
Process_Description:
Samples were collected via 15 different methods including hand collecting, rubble extraction, rubble brushing, sand sampling of dead and live assemblages, yabbie pumps, microbial collections, algal collections, suction, shallow baited traps, light traps, deep baited traps, ekman grabs, scooping, plankton nets, and Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS). Hand collecting is taking animals by hand, placing in bags, jars, or buckets with ample seawater, and taking to the shipboard laboratory for study. Many species are simply taken from the reef surface; others are taken from under rubble. For the latter, loose pieces of coral rubble are gently lifted, targeted specimens secured, and the rubble replaced in the same position as it was found to cause minimal disturbance to other organisms. Rubble (live rock) extraction is defined as gathering pieces of loose rubble (in the 20-40 cm range, greatest dimension). Pieces of rubble gathered underwater from a small area (3-5 square meters) are placed in a 5-gallon bucket to prevent the escape of small organisms. On the surface, pieces of rubble are maintained in running seawater and the surface is examined for sessile invertebrates. It is then cracked to remove boring fauna and ultimately held under mildly anoxic conditions to expel resident invertebrates. After each step of the treatment the rubble may be washed and the seawater is decanted and sieved in order to collect the additional animals. Brushing coral rubble is an effective method for collecting small invertebrates that are either difficult to see because they are cryptic or small, or are more efficiently collected by brushing, because they are numerous. Coral rubble is held over a basket lined with a fine screen and gently brushed with a soft brush, so that animals fall/swim off the rubble into the basket. After brushing, the rubble is replaced on the bottom in the same position that it was found. Rubble brushing is one of the most productive methods for collecting invertebrates in the 1-10 mm size range. In sites without loose rubble, a surface area of no more than 50 square meters may be lightly brushed and the small animals that are dislodged collected by sweeping with a 15 cm diameter, 1/4 mm mesh net. In some cases, brushing rubble over a fine mesh net can be substituted for, or done in addition to, the basket method. Sand sampling (death assemblages) is targeting dead components of the sand fauna by gathering and washing sand in fresh water and air drying. The fauna studied using this method is dominated principally by mollusks, although forams, ostracods, and other taxa could also be studied if future interest and expertise permit. Up to two liters of sand per site maximum is collected in a plastic bag, washed with freshwater and air-dried. Shells will be picked post cruise by first sieving the sample into size fractions to facilitate sorting, then picking proportionately across size fractions, until 500 mollusk shells have been picked. These quantitative samples permit rigorous comparisons of mollusk biodiversity among habitats and sites (see Peshut, 2000), and can be the most productive technique for documenting the diversity of primarily infaunal taxa, such as bivalve mollusks (Paulay, 2003). The remainder of the samples collected to study death assemblages will be examined to compile a qualitative list of the relevant taxa. From certain habitats the sand from the field screening that remains after removal of live animals was retained for these purposes as well. Sand sampling (live assemblages) is defined as collecting live components of the sand fauna by sieving sand underwater over a 1 mm mesh screen, with the retained fraction taken on board for sorting. Live components are collected by sieving less than 15 gallons of reef sand per site over 1 mm mesh screen underwater, with only the retained fraction taken on board for sorting. The yabbie pump, used in burrows, is a simple stainless steel suction device that is hand operated and used to extract burrowing organisms along with their commensals. It consists of an external steel cylinder approximately 1 meter in length, within which is a long steel rod with a plunger on the downstream end that seals against the sides of the cylinder with a rubber gasket. When the opening of the cylinder is placed against the opening of burrow, the operator pulls the handle of the plunger rapidly upward, creating a suction that removes the contents of the burrow. The contents (including mud and sand) are then pushed back out by the plunger into a sieve for examination (Hailstone 1962; Manning 1975; Manning & Felder 1986). Microbial collections were taken via lipid analyses of sediment and sampling water for DNA/RNA extraction using a Sterivex filter. For the former, in the field sediment samples are taken by scooping sediment into a whirl pack. Once on board the sediment samples are placed into a 15-ml sterile centrifuge tube that contains 5 ml of RNAlater (Ambion), and then stored at -20C. Samples can then be later analyzed in the lab by taking the sand from the pack with a 1.25 ml sterilized spoon and should be 1-10 gram in size depending on organic matter contents. For the latter, one to three liters of water are taken from each site at various depths and filtered on board using Sterivex filtration method. Sterivex filters are 0.22 micron capsules (Millipore) that are routinely used by ICoMM scientists concentrating water samples for further DNA or RNA sample extraction. The traditional application involves filtering a recorded volume of water through the filter using a sterile syringe (140 or 60 cc). The sterivex then is relaxed with Puregene Lysis Buffer and kept frozen at -20C, until further processing. Algal sampling took place via hand collection methods to sample representatives of algal species for each site, which are then brought back to the ship for identification and preservation. A bag of no more than one gallon of specimens is collected by hand and forceps at each site. Representatives of turf, coralline, and macroalgal groups are sampled. Crustose coralline algae is collected using a small chisel to remove pieces of algae no larger than 1"x1". Depths of 0 to 30 m at the target habitats are sampled. No more than 5 specimens per species per habitat type are collected. On board, samples are sorted and cleaned. Macroalgal and turf samples are pressed onto herbarium paper, and coralline specimens are dried. Specimens with reproductive structures or samples thought to be new records are put in 4% formalin-seawater solution. Additionally, portions of specimens are cleaned of epiphytes and put in whirl-pac bags with silica crystals for future DNA analysis. All specimens are assigned a tracking number and matched with photos and other relevant information (such as substrate, functional group, genera and species if known, and collector) in an Excel spreadsheet. Algal specimens that are incidentally collected by other methods are delivered to the algal team for processing in the same manner as described above. Photographs are taken of processed samples at the end of the trip for archival purposes. Suction sampling is a small-scale, objective procedure to collect baseline information, particularly on biodiversity, in a given area. A vacuum-type device is used to suction samples in an area to obtain 'whole community' and potential key species information. This type of sampling involves lifting small organisms from exposed hard bottoms through suction generated by compressed air into a 2-4 inch diameter pipe. The gentle current created lifts small, mobile organisms into the pipe, capturing them in a mesh bag tied to the end of the pipe. Suction sampling is the most effective method for surveying small or cryptic mobile invertebrates from exposed hard bottoms. Shallow-water collection baited traps that were set individually are standard, commercial style Fathoms Plus polyethylene plastic traps. The traps are baited, hand placed by divers, and soaked overnight. Each trap is attached to a line with an inflatable buoy attached. Five traps per night are set within the site area, time permitting. Light traps are composed of a black PVC body with four openings lined by plastic funnels. The light traps are designed to trap larvae and zooplankton. Plankton enter via the wide end of the funnel and become trapped within the PVC body. Lighting is achieved by inserting disposable cyalume "light sticks". The traps are designed so that there are three separate compartments each with a different color light stick to determine if varying colors attract different organisms. "Light traps" of various designs have been used for years to collect marine fishes and invertebrates, especially their larvae and other zooplankton at night. Target taxa will include various planktonic crustaceans such as mysids, cumaceans, isopods, as well as marine worms (should small fish get caught, there will be little chance of mortality and they will be released). Many planktonic organisms navigate by and are attracted to light, and this method takes advantage of that fact. The traps themselves will not be on the bottom, it is best that they hang in the water column just below the surface. The light traps are designed to be deployed on the float of one of the individual baited traps and soaked overnight. Deep water baited traps consisted of three strings with eight lobster-type traps (standard commercial style Fathoms Plus polyethylene plastic traps are baited (following official standards for frozen bait) and soaked overnight at a depth of 30-300 meters. Each trap on the string is separated by groundline, and the first trap in each string is connected to a floatline with an inflatable buoy and a hard buoy attached. All traps have encapsulated lead inside to weight them down. A minnow trap is placed in each trap for the purpose of capturing organisms smaller than the mesh of the trap, such as crabs, shrimp and snails. The traps are placed in sandy areas located by means of bathymetric, backscatter, and video data. To prevent non-target organisms such as the lobsters Panulirus marginatus and Panulirus penicillatus from entering the traps, tie wraps are attached across the openings of the traps, making the openings smaller. Should non target organisms such as the Triton's Trumpet Charonia tritonis or Horned Helmet Shell Cassis cornuta be found in the traps, they will be culled from the traps immediately after retrieval and released. Prior to field deployment, the traps are soaked, cleaned, and disinfected. The Ekman Grab is a grab with two hinged upper lids lowered from a boat to sample soft-bottomed substrate. The grab's two hinged upper lids swing open to let water pass through and close upon retrieval of the substrate, thus preventing substrate washout. It is particularly ideal for slow moving or sedentary species. The grab used is 12 inches long, 8 inches wide and cylindrically shaped. It is used, on this cruise, at depths of approximately 24 to 40 meters. It retrieves a sample of a given surface area of benthic substrate and the organisms on and within that substrate. The advantage of a grab is that it can be deployed and retrieved quickly, bringing up a small amount of sediment and getting a perfect sample with very little bottom disturbance. From this, sand sampling can be done, providing samples with distinct fauna from deeper depths. This method of sampling is an extension of the previously described sand sampling and will be used to reach sand habitats that are beyond SCUBA depths. The scoop (dredge) is a sled designed to sample a very shallow layer of the surficial sediment. Within the framework of the dredge is a modified plankton net used to capture the samples. The dredge is designed to pick up sand, rubble and animals. The dredge is designed to target macrofauna, infaunal and epifaunal organisms in deeper, flat sand areas. The tows are approximately 24 to 40 meters in depth. The dredge is towed up to 500-1000 square meters, 1-2 times per day, time permitting. The dredge is supported by the ship using 180-200 fathoms cable attached to a winch or pot hauler. Plankton nets are used to sample plankton communities. Plankton nets sample the water as subsurface tows with a 1 meter diameter, 100µ net towed for 500-1000 meters per replicate. The tows are conducted off the small boats and the ship. Collected plankton samples are divided in half, half fixed in formalin for morphological study and half fixed in 95% ethanol. Plankton include taxa that spend their entire life in the water column (holoplankton), as well as the larval stages of benthic species (meroplankton). DNA bar-coding techniques provide a novel method for matching planktonic larval and benthic adult stages. Bar-coding plankton samples allow for estimating the percentage of the benthic fauna that were successfully sampled by providing an independent estimate of that fauna in their larval stages: thus the proportion of meroplankter sequences encountered that are not represented in the benthos is an indication of how incomplete benthic sampling has been. ARMS are small, long-term collecting devices designed to mimic, to some degree, the structural complexity of a coral reef, thus attracting colonizing invertebrates and fishes over the period during which the ARMS are in the field. Each of the ARMS measures 14" x 18" x 8". Layers (9"x9") include flat sandwich and layers with holes of varying sizes ranging from 3/4" to 3/32" in diameter. The deployment sites are associated with CRED's already established Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) sites from the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP). To compare the biota of different habitats, 2 sites were located on the forereef, 1 site on the backreef, and 1 on a lagoon patch reef. The ARMS are placed on pavement or sand, in proximity to coral reef structures, specifically to avoid coral damage. The ARMS are deployed by CRED working divers using stainless steel stakes and weights to insure that they remain in place for the duration of 1-2 years. A GPS point is taken for each of the ARMS after deployment for accurate relocation. The Coral Reef Ecosystem Division of the Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center is responsible for maintaining and removing the installations, and has since during a follow-up Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine Debris cruise. DNA subsamples from the cruise totaled 1279. Of these samples, 117 are algal and 1162 are invertebrates. The efforts produced 3196 total labeled containers/specimens (360 algae, 2836 inverts), therefore, 40% of all samples have a DNA subsample. There are somewhere between 1611 and 2151 unique morphospecies. Most repeat taxa were not DNA subsampled multiple times, so there are potentially DNA subsamples for 59-79% of all unique morphospecies. Target organisms consisted of macroalgae, turf and coralline algae, microbes in sediment and water column, and more than 1000 species of invertebrates were documented--approximately 30-50 species new to science and at least 100 new to the area were encountered. Probable new species were found among sponges, corals, anemones, flatworms, segmented worms, hermit crabs, crabs, sea slugs, bivalves, gastropods, octopus, sea cucumbers, sea stars, and sea squirts, to name some of the most conspicuous. Specifically targeted were decapod crustaceans, ascidiacea, opitsthobranch mollusks, and polycaetous annelids. Further information was collected on range extensions and possible new species of corals and anemones. All specimens were assigned tracking numbers and matched with photographs and other relevant information (such as substrate, functional group, genera and species if known, and collector) in Excel spreadsheets. 40,000 digital images included specimens sampled, protocols, and site footprint photographs. Two outreach and education experts also participated in the effort.
Process_Date: Not complete

Spatial_Reference_Information:
Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Geographic:
Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees
Geodetic_Model:
Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80)
Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.2572236
Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
Depth_System_Definition:
Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
Depth_Resolution: 1
Depth_Distance_Units: meters
Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit Depth Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates

Distribution_Information:
Distributor:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: U.S.A.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions:
e-mail preferred. For taxonomic data, analyses, reports, and biogeographical data, contact CRED.
Resource_Description: Offline Data
Distribution_Liability:
While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
Standard_Order_Process:
Digital_Form:
Digital_Transfer_Information:
Format_Name: XLS (Microsoft Excel worksheet)
Digital_Transfer_Option:
Offline_Option:
Offline_Media: email
Recording_Format: Not applicable
Fees: None
Custom_Order_Process: Contact CRED for information
Technical_Prerequisites: Contact CRED for information

Metadata_Reference_Information:
Metadata_Date: 20200329
Metadata_Review_Date: 20121017
Metadata_Contact:
Contact_Information:
Contact_Organization_Primary:
Contact_Organization:
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Contact_Address:
Address_Type: mailing and physical
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: U.S.A.
Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
Metadata_Standard_Name:
Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999

CoRIS:
CoRIS_ID: 20121017071908
CoRIS_Children: None
CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20061008
CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20101231
CoRIS_Metadata_Link:
https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/creefs_ffs2006_metadata.html
CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 6567

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