Integrated hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate map derived from an unsupervised classification of gridded backscatter, World-View 2 imagery and bathymetry derivatives of Ni'ihau Island, Hawaii, USA.
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Metadata:
- Identification_Information:
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- Citation:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator:
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Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Publication_Date: 20131022
- Title:
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Integrated hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate map
derived from an unsupervised classification of gridded
backscatter, World-View 2 imagery and bathymetry derivatives of Ni'ihau Island, Hawaii, USA.
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
- Online_Linkage:
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http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/data-by-location/main-hawaiian-islands/nihau/geomorphology/
- Online_Linkage: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/
- Description:
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- Abstract:
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Preliminary hard and soft seafloor substrate map derived
from an unsupervised classification of multibeam backscatter,
bathymety derivatives, and bathymetry derived from multispectral World View-2
satellite imageryof Ni'ihau Island, Hawaii, USA .
The dataset was derived using Reson 8101 backscatter data, bathymetric
variance and bathymetric rugosity. The sonar frequency is 240
kHz for the Reson 8101 backscatter data, which were resampled to
a 5 m grid cell size prior to the classification. Limited seafloor
photographs for groundtruthing are available for Ni'ihau Island and therefore
no supervised classification was performed and we are unable to
visually or empirically evaluate the accuracy of the unsupervised
classification seafloor substrate map.
- Purpose:
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The hard and soft seafloor map is being used to improve
sampling techniques for long-term ecosystem monitoring, to guide
future ground-truthing operations and to identify coral-rich and
species specific environments. This is a preliminary product and
the methods used to generate the map are currently being evaluated
for their accuracy.
- Supplemental_Information:
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Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were collected aboard
the R/V AHI (Acoustic Habitat Investigator) and the NOAA Ship
Hiialakai. See the metadata for those datasets served separately
at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. The bathymetric rugosity dataset
is also served separately at the same website. The bathymetric
variance grids were generated for use in the classification
process and are not served separately. See the process description portion of this document for additional information
about how the variance and unsupervised layers were derived.
Original World View-2 imagery was purchased to support the Pacific Islands
Geographic Information System (GIS) projects and National Ocean Service's
(NOS) coral mapping activities. Orthographically corrected World View-2 Imagery
was provided by USGS, State of Hawaii and USDA. The metadata for this World View-2
imagery is documented in the original product metadata,
10JAN02213954-M3XM-052386144080_01_P001.(http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/)
- Time_Period_of_Content:
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- Time_Period_Information:
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- Range_of_Dates/Times:
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- Beginning_Date: 20050613
- Ending_Date: 20130404
- Currentness_Reference: ground condition
- Status:
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- Progress: Complete
- Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
- Spatial_Domain:
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- Bounding_Coordinates:
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- West_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.292237
- East_Bounding_Coordinate: -160.017010
- North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.056916
- South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.729768
- Keywords:
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- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
- Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
- Theme_Keyword:
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Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization in the Pacific Islands Region
- Theme_Keyword: 467
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Rugosity
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > geomorphology Mapping
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > Habitat Mapping
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans) > WorldView-2
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information > Backscatter
- Theme_Keyword: Backscatter
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
- Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
- Theme_Keyword: 010
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
- Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information > Habitats
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Place_Keyword: Niihau
- Place_Keyword: Hawaii
- Place_Keyword: Main Hawaiian Islands
- Place_Keyword: United States of America
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
- Place_Keyword:
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OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Niihau Island > Niihau Island (21N160W0001)
- Place_Keyword:
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COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kauai > Niihau Island (21N160W0001)
- Access_Constraints: None
- Use_Constraints:
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These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please acknowledge the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries
Science Center (PIFSC) Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and
the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), and
the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR)
and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST),
University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.
- Point_of_Contact:
-
- Contact_Information:
-
- Contact_Organization_Primary:
-
- Contact_Organization:
-
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Contact_Address:
-
- Address_Type: mailing and physical
- Address: NOAA IRC
- Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
- Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
- City: Honolulu
- State_or_Province: HI
- Postal_Code: 96818
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
- Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
- Browse_Graphic:
-
- Browse_Graphic_File_Name:
-
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/MHI_images/Nii_int_hs_5m_445.jpg
- Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Hard and Soft Seafloor Substrate
- Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG, PDF
- Data_Set_Credit: PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA, and JIMAR
- Security_Information:
-
- Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
- Security_Classification: Unclassified
- Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable
- Data_Quality_Information:
-
- Attribute_Accuracy:
-
- Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
-
Data are collected for resource
management and research purposes and are tested for internal
consistency; however, no effort is made to compare these data to
external references or to other published data.
- Logical_Consistency_Report:
-
These data are believed to be logically
consistent though no tests were performed
- Completeness_Report: Complete
- Positional_Accuracy:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
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Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS)
Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters
- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
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- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report:
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1 m
Range resolution of sonar ~1.25 cm
Raw sounding resolution: Variable
Vertical accuracy of gridded product: 1% of water depth
- Lineage:
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- Process_Step:
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- Process_Description:
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Processing steps used to generate the backscatter, bathymetry, World View-2 Image
preporcessing steps are described in the metadata file for WV-2 derived depths and
can be found at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc.
The bathymetric rugosity grids, and the processing steps for WV-2 hard soft classification
used in the unsupervised
classification process are described in their own metadata that
can be found at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. Backscatter
data were resampled to 5 m grid cell size using the Raster Resample
Tool in the ArcMap Version 10.1 Toolbox. Resampling of the backscatter
was performed after charted data in the GeoTIFF format for the individual
sonar systems were mosaicked using the ArcMap Version 10.1Toolbox
Mosaic to New Raster function. Mosaics were created in the ESRI
GRID format. Bathymetric variance was calculated from the 5 m
bathymetry in a two-step process using ArcMap Version 10.1. The
first step involved calculating the standard deviation of the
bathymetry layer using the Neighborhood Statistic tool from the
Spatial Analyst pull-down menu in ArcMap Version 10.1. Rectangular
neighborhood settings were set to a height and width of 3 grid
cells to create a small-scale variance layer. The standard
deviation output was then squared using the ArcMap Raster
Calculater tool. A large-scale variance layer was also generated
using a rectangular neighborhood height and width of 5 grid
cells. The fine-scale variance is useful for defining small
features that may indicate the presence of sediment ripples or
possible coral-rich areas whereas the large-scale variance is
useful for defining seafloor ridges, pinnacles, and significant
changes in slope. Bathymetric variance proved to be a useful tool
in previous efforts to map seafloor habitats by Dartnell and
Gardner (2004). Their publication can be downloaded
from www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_documentation.htm
Bathymetric rugosity was calculated using the ArcGIS Benthic
Terrain Modeler (D.J. Wright et al., 2005) accessible at
download at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/products/btm
The layers were then opened as ESRI GRIDS in the
image processing software package ENVI (Environment for
Visualizing Images) Version 4.3. Two multi-band images were then
created with the backscatter, small- and large-scale variance,
and rugosity. A mask was also created in ENVI for each
backscatter dataset. Image classification was performed
separately on the two multi-band images using the K-Means
unsupervised classification method, which calculates initial
class means evenly distributed in the data space and then
iteratively clusters the pixels into the nearest class using a
minimum distance technique. More information about K-Means
algorithm can be found in the ENVI documentation available at
www.ittvis.com/envi/. The number of classes was set to two and
all other options were set to default. Class color mapping was
performed on the resulting classified images. The substrate types
of hard and soft were assigned based on a visual interpretation of
backscatter intensity and corresponding classes. The photographs,
classifications, and descriptions of the classification process
are available for download at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc.
- Process_Date: 20130310
- Spatial_Data_Organization_Information:
-
- Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
- Raster_Object_Information:
-
- Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
- Row_Count: 7078
- Column_Count: 5285
- Vertical_Count: 1
- Spatial_Reference_Information:
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- Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
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- Planar:
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- Grid_Coordinate_System:
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- Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
- Universal_Transverse_Mercator:
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- UTM_Zone_Number: 4
- Transverse_Mercator:
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- Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
- Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -159
- Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
- False_Easting: 500000
- False_Northing: 0
- Planar_Coordinate_Information:
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- Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: row and column
- Coordinate_Representation:
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- Abscissa_Resolution: 5
- Ordinate_Resolution: 5
- Planar_Distance_Units: meters
- Geodetic_Model:
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- Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
- Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
- Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
- Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
- Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
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- Depth_System_Definition:
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- Depth_Datum_Name: mean lower low water
- Depth_Resolution: 0.01
- Depth_Distance_Units: meters
- Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute values
- Entity_and_Attribute_Information:
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- Overview_Description:
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- Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
- Distribution_Information:
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- Distributor:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Organization_Primary:
-
- Contact_Organization:
-
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Contact_Address:
-
- Address_Type: mailing and physical
- Address: NOAA IRC
- Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
- Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
- City: Honolulu
- State_or_Province: HI
- Postal_Code: 96818
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
- Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
- Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
- Distribution_Liability:
-
These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.
NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or
implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a
warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by
any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the
failure of these data to function on a particular system.
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- Format_Information_Content:
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Arc ASCII can be converted to Arc Raster
using ArcToolbox Conversion Tools (ASCIItoRaster).
- Digital_Transfer_Option:
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- Online_Option:
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- Computer_Contact_Information:
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- Network_Address:
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- Network_Resource_Name:
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ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/mhi/benthichabitatlayers/Nii_int_hs_5m.zip
- Fees: None
- Metadata_Reference_Information:
-
- Metadata_Date: 20200329
- Metadata_Contact:
-
- Contact_Information:
-
- Contact_Organization_Primary:
-
- Contact_Organization:
-
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Contact_Address:
-
- Address_Type: mailing and physical
- Address: NOAA IRC
- Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
- Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
- City: Honolulu
- State_or_Province: HI
- Postal_Code: 96818
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
- Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
- Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
- Metadata_Time_Convention: universal time
- Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
- Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
- CoRIS:
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- CoRIS_Metadata_Link:
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https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nii_int_hs_5m.html
- CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 6753
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