Sediment Processes on the Coral Reefs of Kahoolawe: A Rapid Field Assessment in 1993 (NODC Accession 0000883)

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information
• CoRIS

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dr. Franklyn Tan Te

Originator: Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa

Originator: Dr. Paul Jokiel

Originator: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology

Originator: Dr. Evelyn F. Cox

Originator: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology

Publication_Date: Unpublished material

Title:

Sediment Processes on the Coral Reefs of Kahoolawe: A Rapid Field Assessment in 1993 (NODC Accession 0000883)

Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/883

Description:

Abstract:

The nearshore coral ecosystems of Kahoolawe were rapidly assessed in 1993. Surveys were made of the coral coverage, fish communities, and sediment types from 19 locations. This data has been published in a technical report (Jokiel et. al,1995) and a PhD Dissertation (Te, 2000).

Purpose:

Assess the status of the coral ecosystems and the extent to which anthropogenic factors such as soil runoff has affected the marine environment.

Supplemental_Information:

NOAA Supplemental:Entry_ID: Unknown Sensor_Name: SCUBA, visual census Sensor_Name: PVC core samplers Sensor_Name: USA Standard Testing Sieve: A.S.T.M.E.-11 specifications with opening diameters of 500 um and 63 um) Project_Campaign: NOAA Cooperative Agreement # NA 270M0327 Originating_Center: Hawaii Institue of Marine Biology Storage_Medium: MS Word and ASCII Online_size: 1550 Kbytes

Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000883

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 19930322

Beginning_Time: 0800

Ending_Date: 19930529

Ending_Time: 1500

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.71

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -156.53

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.60

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.51

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter

Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: benthic

Theme_Keyword: sediment

Theme_Keyword: coral

Theme_Keyword: coral reef ecosystem

Theme_Keyword: fish

Theme_Keyword: grain size of sediments

Theme_Keyword: mineralogy of sediments

Theme_Keyword: coral coverage

Theme_Keyword: coral diversity

Theme_Keyword: mean diameter of coral colonies

Theme_Keyword: number of coral species

Theme_Keyword: fish diversity

Theme_Keyword: species richness

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Benthic

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid Assessment Studies

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: biota

Theme_Keyword: 002

Theme_Keyword: oceans

Theme_Keyword: 014

Theme_Keyword: environment

Theme_Keyword: 007

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus

Place_Keyword:

OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kahoolawe Island > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001)

Place_Keyword:

COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kalawao > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001)

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: North Pacific

Place_Keyword: Hawaii

Place_Keyword: Kahoolawe

Place_Keyword: Kamo'hio (west side)

Place_Keyword: Wai Kahalulu (east)

Place_Keyword: Wai Kahalulu (west)

Place_Keyword: Keoneuli (Beck Cove)

Place_Keyword: Papakanui

Place_Keyword: Hakioawa (south)

Place_Keyword: Ku'heia (west)

Place_Keyword: Hana Kanaia (Smuggler's Cove)

Place_Keyword: Twin Sands (east)

Place_Keyword: Maka'alae

Place_Keyword: Ahupu (east)

Place_Keyword: O awa palua

Place_Keyword: Sailor's Hat

Place_Keyword: Honokoa (east)

Place_Keyword: Kaukamoku (east)

Place_Keyword: Kaukamoku (into beach)

Place_Keyword: Ahupu

Place_Keyword: east of Wa'aiki

Place_Keyword: Papakaiki

Place_Keyword: Black Rock

Place_Keyword: Lae Paki (east)

Place_Keyword: North Kanapou

Place_Keyword: Lae o Halona

Place_Keyword: O awa wahie

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region

Place_Keyword: MHI

Stratum:

Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Stratum_Keyword: benthic

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Evelyn Cox

Contact_Organization: Hawaii Institue of Marine Biology

Contact_Position: Data manager and researcher

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: PO Box 1346

City: Kaneohe

State_or_Province: Hawaii

Postal_Code: 96744

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-236-7440

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fcox@hawaii.edu

Data_Set_Credit:

NOAA Cooperative agreement # NA 270M0327 Hawaii Institute for Marine Biology Department of Zoology University of Hawaii

Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Word

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report: see Lineage - Process Step

Completeness_Report: none

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: W. D. Bischoff

Originator: F. Bishop

Originator: F.T. Mackenzie

Publication_Date: 1993

Title:

Biogenically produced magnesium calcite in homogeneities in chemical and physical properties: Comparison with synthetic phases

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Am. Mineral

Issue_Identification: 68: 1183-1188

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1993

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Bischoff and others, 1993

Source_Contribution: magnesium calcite properties

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: E. F. Cox

Originator: P. L. Jokiel

Originator: F. T. Te

Originator: F. Stanton

Publication_Date: 1993

Title:

Coral reefs of Kahoolawe, Hawaii I: Community structure of corals and reef fish

Other_Citation_Details: Final Report for the Cooperative agreement # NA 270M0327

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1993

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Cox and others, 1993

Source_Contribution: Community structure of corals and reef fish

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: M. N. Dethier

Originator: E. S. Graham

Originator: S. Cohen

Originator: L. M. Tear

Publication_Date: 1993

Title:

Visual versus random-point percent cover estimations: 'objective' is not always better

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

Issue_Identification: 96:93-100

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1993

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Dethier and others, 1993

Source_Contribution: Visual versus random-point percent cover estimations

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: P. L. Jokiel

Originator: J. E. Maragos

Originator: L. Franzisket

Publication_Date: 1978

Title: Coral growth: buoyant weight technique

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: D. R. Stoddart

Originator: R. E. Johannes

Publication_Date: 1978

Title:

Coral reefs: Research methods. UNESCO Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology

Other_Citation_Details: pp. 529-542

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1978

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Jokiel and others, 1978

Source_Contribution: buoyant weight technique for coral growth

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: P. L. Jokiel

Originator: W. A. Tyler III

Publication_Date: 1992

Title: Distribution of stony corals in Johnston Atoll lagoon

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Proc. 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp.

Issue_Identification: 2:683-692

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1992

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Jokiel and Tyler, 1992

Source_Contribution: Distribution of stony corals

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Y. Loya

Publication_Date: 1972

Title:

Community structure and species diversity of hermatypic corals at Eilat, Red Sea

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Mar. Biol.

Issue_Identification: 13:100-123

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1972

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Loya, 1972

Source_Contribution: structure and species diversity

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J. E. Maragos

Originator: P. L. Jokiel

Publication_Date: 1986

Title:

Reef corals of Johnston Atoll: one of the world's most isolated reefs

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Coral Reefs

Issue_Identification: 4:141-150

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1986

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Maragos and Jokiel, 1986

Source_Contribution: Johnston Atoll Reef corals

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J. E. Maragos

Publication_Date: 1977

Title: Order Scleractinia

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: D. M. Devaney

Originator: L. G. Eldredge

Publication_Date: 1977

Title:

Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section I: Protozoa through Ctenophora

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii

Publisher: Bishop Museum Press

Other_Citation_Details: B. P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 64

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1977

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Maragos, 1977

Source_Contribution: Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J. McManus

Publication_Date: 1988

Title: Grain size determination and interpretation

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Oxford, England

Publisher: Blackwell Scientific Publications

Other_Citation_Details: pp. 63-85

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: M. Tucker, ed

Publication_Date: 1988

Title: Techniques in Sedimentology

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1988

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: McManus, 1988

Source_Contribution: Grain size determination and interpretation

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: J. W. Morse

Originator: F.T. Mackenzie

Publication_Date: 1990

Title: Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Amsterdam, Netherlands

Publisher: Elsevier Science publishs

Other_Citation_Details: 707 pages

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1990

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Morse and Mackenzie, 1990

Source_Contribution: Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonate

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: C. L. Sabine

Publication_Date: 1991

Title:

Geochemistry of particulate and dissolved inorganic carbon in the central north Pacific

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii

Publisher: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii

Other_Citation_Details: Ph.D. dissertation, 249 pages

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1991

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sabine, 1991

Source_Contribution: Geochemistry

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: SAS Institute, Inc

Publication_Date: 1988

Title: SAS/STAT Users Guide

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Cary, NC

Publisher: SAS Institute

Other_Citation_Details: Release 6.03 edition

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1988

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: SAS Institute Inc., 1988.

Source_Contribution: SAS/STAT Users Guide

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: M. Sato

Publication_Date: 1985

Title:

Mortality and Growth of Juvenile Coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus)

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Coral Reefs

Issue_Identification: 4: 27-33

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1985

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Sato, 1985

Source_Contribution: Mortality and Growth of Juvenile Coral

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: F. T. Te

Publication_Date: 2000

Title:

Responses of Hawaiian Scleractinian corals to different levels of terrestrial and carbonate sediment

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii

Publisher: Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii

Other_Citation_Details: Ph.D. dissertation

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 2000

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Te, 2000

Source_Contribution: Hawaiian Scleractinian coral response

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Sediment Sample collection and preparation Bulk Samples. Sediments were collected at 19 sites around the island at the same siteswhere coral community composition was measured. When possible, sediment samples were collected from two depths (3m and 10m). A hand-held plastic scoop was used to collect samples in areas along the transect lines that had sediment accumulation. These transect lines were also used in the fish and coral surveys (Cox et al., 1993). About four scoops (roughly 40-100grams) of unconsolidated surface sediment were taken at each station and placed into plastic bags (Whirlpak brand). These plastic bags were then sealed and stored in wet condition for later analysis by wet sieving(McManus, 1988). Core Samples: Core samples were taken from 5 randomly chosen sites along the northerncoastline of Kahoolawe. Observations from the first site visit in March 1993, suggested that the northern coast was heavily sedimented and an in-depth investigation of sediment loads impacting these areas was undertaken. Core samples were obtained in replicates of two at 50 m intervals, starting at the water line on the beach and moving seaward through the central partof each bay. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes of 18 mm in diameter and 300 mmlength were used as sampling devices at each station. The PVC core samplerswere manually pushed into the sediment and both ends capped tightly in the water before being brought up to the surface. All the core samples werekept frozen prior to analysis. A modified core extraction method was used due to the small diameterof the cores (18 mm). Briefly, the core samples were allowed to thaw and then extracted from the PVC samplers by opening the lower end cap first and then slowly opening the top cap. The sediment cores came out slowly from the tubes after the top cap was removed. In a few cases when the cores were too sticky, a small glass-tip plunger was used to slowly push air through the PVC sampler and extrude the remaining sediment core. The length of the extracted cores was then measured, and the number and size of layers per core were noted. The type, texture and the color ofeach layer per core were also noted. Sample analysis: Size Fraction Determination Sediment samples were wet sieved through standard brass sieves (USA Standard Testing Sieve: A.S.T.M.E.-11 specifications with opening diameters of 500 um and 63 um) and categorized into 3 sizefractions: silt (<63\264m), fine sand (>63 um but <500 um) and coarsesand (>500 um). The wet samples were individually shaken and manually mixed while still in the plastic bags. The homogeneous mixture was thensub sampled (range 30-60 grams) for sieving. The sub samples were washed through the 500-um sieve into the 63 um sieve with filtered fresh water. Washings were done with a hand-held wash bottle and all the washings through the 63-um sieve were collected onto a brass pan. The sediment fraction remaining on each sieve was then washed through pre-weighed filter paper(Whatman # 114) and air-dried for about a week. These filtered samples were then weighed and the total weight of the sample per station from each transect site was determined. The percent by weight of each fraction was then determined by calculating the ratio of the different size fractions to the total sample weight (McManus, 1988). Size fraction determinations were also performed on the core samples. Cores with noticeable stratigraphic layers were cross-sectioned atthe demarcation point and sub samples from each layer (ranging from 20-50 grams) were taken for wet sieving. Chemical Composition Determination: Mineral composition of the sediment samples was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) as described by Hardy and Tucker (1988).The analysis was performed by Mr. Clark Sherman of the University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). Samples were ground up using a mortar and pestle and the powdered sediment was then placed on smear slides. These slides were then loaded into anautomatic sample loader and fed to the Scintag Pad V X-ray diffractometer connected to a solid-state Germanium (Ge) detector tuned to Copper (Cu)K radiation. Two runs per sample were performed. First, a general scanwas done to determine the overall mineralogy of the sediments. This run was performed with the machine set at a range of 2 deg 2f to 70 deg 2f witha rate of 5 deg 2f per minute. The second run was performed at a muchnarrower range of 22 deg 2f to 32 deg 2f with a rate of 1 deg 2fper minute to quantitatively determine the carbonate mineralogy of thesediments. Aragonites to calcite ratios were determined using the methods of Sabine (1991) and the mole % Magnesium (Mg) content of the calcite fraction was determined using the procedures established by Bischoff et al. (1983). The possible sources of calcite in each sample can be ascertained based on the mole % Mg content of the calcite fraction. Specifically, the mole % Mgis the amount of Mg atoms substituting the calcium (Ca) atoms at the Ca binding sites in the crystal structure of CaCO3. Calcareous organisms havedistinctive ratios of Mg to Ca substitutions in the calcite produced. Representative groups of organisms and their respective mole % Mg content were based on Table 5.2 of Morse and Mackenzie (1990). A subset of the total sediment samples collected from Kahoolawe was analyzedby x-ray diffraction. These samples were selected from sites that best represented the different and unique regions along the coast. Coral Reef Sampling Methods: At each site, visual inspections of the entire area by skin diving were first conducted. Stations for quantitative surveys were selected as areas with typical coral reef structure. Most sites included two stations, one at 10 m and one at 3 m depth. Coral cover was estimated in 5 contiguous 1 m2 quadrats haphazardly taken along a 25 m transectline at 3m and 10 m isobaths at each site (Jokiel and Maragos, 1978;Maragos and Jokiel, 1986; Jokiel and Tyler, 1992). One observer recorded visual estimates of percent cover of each species within the quadrat and notations of additional species observed outside of the sampled area were recorded. Species identifications were based on Maragos (1977).Visual estimates are more reproducible and more accurate than random-pointsampling for this type of rapid assessment work (Dethier et al., 1993).At several stations (Honokoa, Kaukamoku, Papakaiki, and Waaiki), data on the size distribution of small colonies located on vertical faces at the base of the reef structure were collected. At some sites, colony size was directly measured in bands 1 m by 0.5 m up from the bottom of the reef. At other sites, photographs of the quadrat frame were taken and subsequently analyzed. Colony sizes were estimated using the 10 cm gridof the quadrat frame for scale. An index of relative water motion and potential for impacts from major storm conditions was developed using summarized data on typical current patterns, wind speed records and wave patterns (EnvironmentalImpact Study Corp., 1979; University of Hawaii, Geography Department, 1983).Data Analysis: Coral community diversity was calculated using the modified (Loya, 1972) Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H?c = - ? pi ln pi) of the mean percent cover each species on the transect lines. Similarity of communities from the 33 sites sampled was assessed using a modified Sorensen Similarity index, after transformation of the data (angular transformation of percent data and square root transformation of average counts): Iab = ? 2Ma (Ma + Mb)-1;where Iab is the index for two sites (a and b) for each species(i = 1, 2, ...S); Ma is the lower cover or density for the ith species in the two site pair and Mb is the higher cover or density for that species. Cluster analysis was performed on the resulting matrix of similarity values using SAS procedures (SAS 1988).

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Bischoff and others, 1983

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Cox and others, 1993.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Dethier and others, 1993

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Jokiel and others, 1978

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Jokiel and others, 1992

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Loya, 1972

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Maragos and Jokiel, 1986

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Maragos, 1977

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: McManus, 1988

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Morse and Mackenzie, 1990

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Sabine, 1991

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Te, 2000

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Evelyn Cox

Contact_Organization: Hawaii Institue of Marine Biology

Contact_Position: Data manager and researcher

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing address

Address: PO Box 1346

City: Kaneohe

State_or_Province: Hawaii

Postal_Code: 96744

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-236-7440

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: fcox@hawaii.edu

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Files provided as MS WORD documents from references, see above : 1) Te, F.T ,2000 and 2) Cox et. al., 1995. Redundant copies of the MS WORD tables were placed in directory data/txt. Below, only the root name without the extention is given. List of files Contents - Table1_2 Sites visited on Kahoolawe during 1993. Data collected include quantitative coral (C) and fish (F) transects, bulksediment samples from transects (B), beach profiles (P),and core sediment samples from transects perpendicularto the beach (S). Table2_1 Grain size distribution of sediment samples from Kahoolawe. Sediment fractions are categorized as silt (< 63 um);fine sand (>63 um but < 500 um) and coarse sand (> 500 um). NA indicates no data. Table2_2 Grain size analysis of core samples from Kahoolawe. Size fractions are categorized as silt (< 63 um); fine sand(> 63 um but < 500 um) and coarse sand (> 500 um). Numbers after site name indicate area of sampling with 1 nearest beach and 5 farthest away. Letters indicate two layers(subsurface and surface) of cores. Table2_3 Mineralogy of Kahoolawe sediments using X-ray diffraction. X indicates presence while (*) indicates trace amounts. Table2_4 Possible sources of calcite found in Kahoolawe sediments using X-ray diffraction analysis based on mole % Mg content. Table2_5 Coral coverage (% of substratum), diversity, and number of species and fish diversity and species richness. Table2_7 Mean diameter of coral colonies at the bottom of reef structures at Honokoa, Kaukamoku, Papakaiki and Wa'aiki.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Cox, E.F., Jokiel, P.L. Te, F.T. and Stanton, F. 1993. Coral reefs of Kahoolawe, Hawaii I: Community structure of corals and reef fish. Final Report for the Cooperative agreement # NA 270M0327.

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation:

Te, F.T., 2000. Responses of Hawaiian Scleractinian corals to different levels of terrestrial and carbonate sediment. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center

Contact_Person: Data Access Group, User Services Team

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Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: SSMC-3 Fourth Floor

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Postal_Code: 20910-3282

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NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

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Online_Option:

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Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/883

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Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data.

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Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20200329

Metadata_Review_Date: 20081020

Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20060801

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell

Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC

Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing

Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316

Address: Dept. of Oceanography

Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: Hawaii

Postal_Code: 96822

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu

Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays

Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

CoRIS:

CoRIS_ID: 20081020064326

CoRIS_Children: None

CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 19930322

CoRIS_Ending_Date: 19930529

CoRIS_Metadata_Link:

https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000883.html

CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2320