Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS) Publication_Date: 200711 Title: NOAA Geotiff - 5 meter LiDAR Reflectivity, U.S. Caribbean - Puerto Rico (southwest) - Projects OPR-I305-KRL-06, (2006), UTM 19N NAD83 Edition: 1st Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: remote-sensing image Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Silver Spring, MD Publisher: NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0153360 Description: Abstract: This image represents a LiDAR (Light Detection & Ranging) intensity mosaic (mean 5 meter gridded) from the shoreline of southwestern Puerto Rico to about 50 meters in depth. Reflectivity was calculated for each sounding as the ratio of returned energy to transmitted energy, normalized for losses in a single wavelength (green/blue 532nm). The numerical values for the relative reflectivity are scaled logarithmically to an 8-bit integer range 0 - 255 The Tenix LADS Corporation (TLI) acquired bathymetric LIDAR for NOAA from 4/07/2006 to 5/15/2006. Data was acquired with a LADS (Laser Airborne Depth Sounder) Mk II Airborne System from altitudes between 1,200 and 2,200ft at ground speeds between 140 and 175 knots. The 900 Hertz Nd: YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet) laser (1064 nm) acquired 4x4 meter spot spacing and 200% seabed coverage. In total, 265 square nautical miles of LiDAR were collected between -50 m (topographic) and up to 70 m (depth), requiring a total of 102 flight hours (134 hours, including flight time to and from San Juan airport). Environmental factors such as wind strength and direction, cloud cover, and water clarity influenced the area of data acquisition on a daily basis. The data was processed using the LADS Mk II Ground System and data visualization, quality control and final products were created using CARIS HIPS and SIPS 6.1 and CARIS BASE Editor 2.1 The project was conducted to meet the IHO (International Hydrograph Organization) Order 1 accuracy standards, dependant on the project area and depth. All users should individually evaluate the suitability of this data according to their own needs and standards. Purpose: The purpose of this survey was two fold: 1) to provide NOAA with modern, accurate hydrographic survey data with which to update the nautical charts of the assigned area; and 2) to provide NOAA with relative reflectivity data from the seabed for the southwest of Puerto Rico. Supplemental_Information: During April/May 2006 under contract to the National Ocean Service, TLI collected airborne LiDAR bathymetry under Contract Number DG133C-03-CQ-0011, Task Order T0008 and Project Number OPR-I305-KRL-06 and it is from this data that the relative reflectivity was derived. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060407 Ending_Date: 20060515 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -67.439646 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -66.938870 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 18.192720 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 17.857964 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Characterization of the Buck Island Reef National Monument and Puerto Rico Theme_Keyword: 1744 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NOS Data Explorer Topic Category Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry/Topography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information > Bathymetry Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography > Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat > Description Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: U.S. Caribbean Theme_Keyword: Puerto Rico Theme_Keyword: LiDAR Theme_Keyword: Light Theme_Keyword: LADS Mk II Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry Theme_Keyword: Backscatter Theme_Keyword: Reflectivity Theme_Keyword: Intensity Theme_Keyword: Seafloor Theme_Keyword: Habitat Theme_Keyword: Benthic Theme_Keyword: Coral Theme_Keyword: Reef Theme_Keyword: IOCM Theme_Keyword: Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping Theme_Keyword: GIS Theme_Keyword: Mosaic Theme_Keyword: Raster Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: Biogeography Theme_Keyword: OPR-I305-KRL-06 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: elevation Theme_Keyword: 006 Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: 007 Theme_Keyword: geoscientificInformation Theme_Keyword: 008 Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Theme_Keyword: 010 Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: U.S. Caribbean Place_Keyword: Puerto Rico Place_Keyword: Southwestern Puerto Rico Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Puerto Rico > Mayaguez (18N067W0010) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Puerto Rico > Mayaguez (18N067W0010) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: PR Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Seafloor Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Temporal_Keyword: 2006 Access_Constraints: Please cite any use of this data. Use_Constraints: These data were prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data have been used by NOAA, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), Biogeography Branch Contact_Position: Project Manager - U.S. Caribbean Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 1305 East West Highway, SSMC4 City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (301) 713-3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (301) 713-4384 Contact_Instructions: Contact information is for CCMA general reception. Please ask for current Biogeography project manager for U.S. Caribbean Seafloor Characterization Project. Data_Set_Credit: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS) Native_Data_Set_Environment: Microsoft Windows XP Version 5.1 (Build 2600) Service Pack 2; ESRI ArcCatalog 9.2.2.1350 Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: While the project was conducted to meet IHO Order 1 accuracy standards, dependant on project area and depth, all users should independently analyze the dataset according to their own needs and standards to determine data usability. Completeness_Report: The survey area was sounded at 4x4m laser spot spacing with main lines of sounding spaced at 80m, which provided the required 200% coverage. It should be noted that at 4x4m laser spot spacing, there is a gap of 1 to 1.5m between the illuminated areas of adjacent soundings at the sea surface. There is a possibility that small objects in shallow water along the coastline may fall between consecutive 4x4m soundings and not be detected. There are also some gaps in the data due to turbidity and very shallow water, as well as an intermittent laser problem on the last survey sortie. This has resulted in some along track and cross track anomalies and at the time this satisfied the requirement of the survey. If it were known that these laser dropout areas would affect the quality of the reflectivity data then the lines would have been reflown. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: See Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) and Vertical and Horizontal Control Report for OPR-I305-KRL-06. Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: See Data Acquisition and Processing Report (DAPR) and Vertical and Horizontal Control Report for OPR-I305-KRL-06. Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS) Publication_Date: Unpublished Material Title: OPR-I305-KRL-06 LiDAR Data Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data Type_of_Source_Media: external hard drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060407 Ending_Date: 20060515 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: OPR-I305-KRL-06 LiDAR Data Source_Contribution: Original full resolution dataset. Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: TLI Publication_Date: 20071119 Title: unknown source reflectivity product Type_of_Source_Media: external hard drive Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20060407 Ending_Date: 20060515 Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition Source_Citation_Abbreviation: unknown source reflectivity product Source_Contribution: unknown source reflectivity product Process_Step: Process_Description: Data Acquisition: For this project (OPR-I305-KRL-06), the Chief of Party was TLI's Darren Stephenson and Hydrographer was TLI's Mark Sinclair. Data was collected between 4/7/2006 & 5/15/2006 using the LADS Mk II Airborne System. The LADS Mk II Airborne System (AS) consists of a Dash 8-200 series aircraft, which has a transit speed of 250 knots at altitudes of up to 25,000ft and an endurance of up to eight hours. Survey operations are conducted from heights between 1,200 and 2,200ft at ground speeds between 140 and 175 knots. The aircraft was fitted with an Nd: YAG laser, which operates at 900 Hertz from a stabilized platform to provide a number of different spot spacings. The survey area was sounded at 4x4m laser spot spacing with main lines of sounding spaced at 80m, which provided the required 200% coverage. Green laser pulses are scanned beneath the aircraft in a rectilinear pattern. The pulses are reflected from the land, sea surface, within the water column and from the seabed. The height of the aircraft is determined by the infrared laser return, which is supplemented by the inertial height from the Attitude and Heading Reference System and GPS height. Real-time positioning is obtained by an Ashtech GG24 GPS receiver combined with Wide Area DGPS (Differential Global Positioning System) provided by the Fugro Omnistar to provide a differentially corrected position. Ashtech Z12 GPS receivers are also provided as part of the Airborne System and Ground Systems to log KGPS (Kinetic Global Positioning System) data on the aircraft and at a locally established GPS (Global Positioning System) base station. For more details on the airborne system, refer to the DAPR (Data Acquisition and Processing Report). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: OPR-I305-KRL-06 Raw LiDAR Data Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: Data Processing: The data was processed using the LADS Mk II Ground System. It consists of a portable Compaq Alpha ES40 Series 3 processor server with 1 GB EEC RAM, 764 GB disk space, digital linear tape (DLT) drives and magazines, digital audio tape (DAT) drive, CD ROM drive and is networked to up to 12 Compaq 1.5 GHz PCs and a HP 800ps Design Jet Plotter, printers and QC workstations. The GS supports survey planning, data processing, quality control and data export. The GS component also includes a KGPS base station, which provides independent post-processed position and height data. The LADS ground system includes a reflectivity algorithm in which reflectivity is calculated for each sounding as the ratio of returned energy to transmitted energy, normalized for losses. A comprehensive description of the GS is provided in the Data Acquisition and Processing Report delivered for project number OPR-I305-KRL-06. The reflectance XYZ data was imported into CARIS HIPS and SIPS as Singlebeam data. The reflectance data was treated much the same as ordinary XYZ data (XY horizontal position and Z as reflectance value). The procedure used is as follows: - Modified XYZ file to add timestamp by using the CARIS XYZ File Manipulator utility - Created an import script using the CARIS Generic Data Parser - Imported modified XYZ file into CARIS HIPS and SIPS - Computed Total Propagated Error (TPE) using zero values - Applied tide corrections using a zero value file - Merged TPE and tide correction with data - Created fieldsheet to compute BASE surface of reflectance data The XYZ had to be modified to add timestamp to each data point. The XYZ file was divided into smaller files containing a maximum of 1,000,000 points per file. Each modified XYZ file was imported using the CARIS Generic Data Parser, creating an import script to recognize each field attribute. Two scripts were created to import timestamps 1000000 to 9999999 and the other 10000000 to 138000000. Once each XYZ file was imported into CARIS a generic zero tide value was applied to each modified XYZ file followed by a zero TPE value computation. The TPE and tide calculations were then merged with the reflectance data. A single fieldsheet was then created to incorporate six 'mean' BASE surfaces, gridded at a 5m resolution, which covered the entire survey area. Using CARIS BASE Editor, these six BASE surfaces were combined into one surface to produce a final 'mean' reflectance BASE surface. The necessity to divide the area into six initially was purely due to processing limitations. Also, the grid resolution does not change relative to depth, as the laser pulse footprint stays relatively constant regardless of depth and the laser spot spacing is consistent irrespective of aircraft altitude. The 5m grid provides the largest amount of detail that can be supported by the LiDAR data density. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: OPR-I305-KRL-06 Processed LiDAR Data Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: Quality Control & Product Creation: CARIS HIPS and SIPS 6.1 and CARIS BASE Editor 2.1 were used for data visualization, quality control and final product creation. Data Gaps - The survey area was sounded at 4x4m laser spot spacing with main lines of sounding spaced at 80m, which provided the required 200% coverage. It should be noted that at 4x4m laser spot spacing, there is a gap of 1 to 1.5m between the illuminated areas of adjacent soundings at the sea surface. There is a possibility that small objects in shallow water along the coastline may fall between consecutive 4x4m soundings and not be detected. There are also some gaps in the data due to turbidity and very shallow water, as well as an intermittent laser problem on the last survey sortie. This has resulted in some along track and cross track anomalies and at the time this satisfied the requirement of the survey. If it were known that these laser dropout areas would affect the quality of the reflectivity data then the lines would have been reflown. Position Checks - Two independent positioning systems were used during the survey. Real-time positions were aided by WADGPS (Wide Area Differential Global Positioning System). A post-processed KGPS position was also determined relative to a local GPS base station that was established on the rooftop of the Courtyard Marriott Hotel in San Juan. The post-processed KGPS position solutions were applied to each sounding during post-processing and the height used in the datum filter. Horizontal Control - Data collection and processing were conducted on the Airborne and Ground Systems in World Geodetic System (WGS84) on Universal Transverse Mercator (Northern Hemisphere) projection UTM (N) in Zone 19, Central Meridian 69 W. All units are in meters. This data was post-processed and all soundings are relative to the North American Datum 1983 (NAD83). For more details, please see the Vertical and Horizontal Control Report. Water Clarity - The water clarity in the survey area was ideal for laser bathymetry as the water was very clear. Coverage was obtained for the majority of the survey area. The only area where coverage was not achieved was due to turbidity or very shallow water. Water depths to 50m were achieved at the extent of the predominant reef structure in SW Puerto Rico. The majority of the survey area is less than 20m deep. There are a number of areas throughout the survey area where no depths were achieved due to turbidity or very shallow water. The water clarity in some areas did vary on a daily basis, which required careful management. Additional survey lines were planned and flown to minimize the data gaps due to turbidity. Significant variations, temporally or spatially in turbidity may impact the reflectivity algorithm. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: OPR-I305-KRL-06 LiDAR Intensity Data Process_Date: 2006 Process_Step: Process_Description: The final images were reprojected from Transverse Mercator to NAD 1983 UTM Zone 19N using ArcGIS. Small holidays (i.e., missing data values) were filled using a nearest neighbor interpolation technique. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: OPR-I305-KRL-06 LiDAR Intensity Data Process_Date: 200712 Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Pixel Row_Count: 7308 Column_Count: 10535 Vertical_Count: 1 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Planar: Grid_Coordinate_System: Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator Universal_Transverse_Mercator: UTM_Zone_Number: 19 Transverse_Mercator: Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.999600 Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: -69.000000 Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0.000000 False_Easting: 500000.000000 False_Northing: 0.000000 Planar_Coordinate_Information: Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and Column Coordinate_Representation: Abscissa_Resolution: 5.000000 Ordinate_Resolution: 5.000000 Planar_Distance_Units: meters Geodetic_Model: Horizontal_Datum_Name: North American Datum of 1983 Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000 Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257222 Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: ObjectID Entity_Type_Definition: Internal feature number. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute: Attribute_Label: ObjectID Attribute_Definition: Internal feature number. Attribute_Definition_Source: ESRI Attribute_Domain_Values: Unrepresentable_Domain: Sequential unique whole numbers that are automatically generated. Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: Department of Commerce (DOC), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Ocean Service (NOS), Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment (CCMA), Biogeography Branch Contact_Position: Project Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 1305 East West Highway, SSMC4 City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (301) 713-3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (301) 713-4384 Contact_Instructions: Contact info is for CCMA general reception. Please ask for current Biogeography project manager for Seafloor Characterization of the U.S. Caribbean. Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: These data were prepared by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, make any warranty, expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed in this report, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference therein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. Any views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof. Although all data have been used by NOAA, no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by NOAA as to the accuracy of the data and/or related materials. The act of distribution shall not constitute any such warranty, and no responsibility is assumed by NOAA in the use of these data or related materials. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: TIFF Transfer_Size: 241 Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0153360 Fees: None Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200329 Metadata_Review_Date: 20081121 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA/NOS/NCCOS/CCMA Biogeography Contact_Person: Project Manager Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 1305 East West Highway, SSMC4 City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (301) 713-3028 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (301) 713-4384 Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile Online_Linkage: http://www.esri.com/metadata/esriprof80.html ESRI Metadata Profile CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20081121040616 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20060407 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20060515 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nccos_pr_lidar_2006_reflectance_metadata.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2392