Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kevin Foster, primary report author Originator: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Ecoregion Originator: Michael Molina, co-author Originator: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Ecoregion Originator: Jeff Burgett, co-author Originator: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Pacific Islands Ecoregion Originator: Michael Molina, USFWS (corals and reef substrate cover),surveyor Originator: Jeff Burgett, USFWS (noncoral macroinvertebrates and algae),surveyor Originator: John Naughton, NOAA/NMFS, (fishes and station habitat descriptions), surveyor Originator: Isabella Abbott, UH Botany (algal identifications), surveyor Publication_Date: 200103 Title: Baseline Marine Biological Survey ROI-NAMUR Outfall United States Army Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands, 1997(NODC Accession 0000630) Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii, USA Publisher: Department of Interior, USA Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/630 Description: Abstract: Roi-Namur is located at the northernmost tip of Kwajalein Atoll, approximately 64 kilometers north of the U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll(USAKA) central command post on Kwajalein Islet. Roi-Namur has a single sewage outfall, which is located at the northwestern corner of the islet. Originally, the outfall extended from shore to a point about halfway across the reef flat where the pipe ended abruptly as an upturned, uncapped elbow. Raw sewage was pumped through the pipe in pulses approximately every 15-20 minutes. Waves and shallow currents across the reef flat carried at least some of the effluent back toward shore and the lagoon, creating a potentially unhealthy situation. In order to correct this problem, USAKA implemented a plan to extend the original outfall all the way across the reef flat and into the open ocean where the predominant current flow would carry effluent-mixed waters away from the islet. Ultimately, the extended outfall was to be connected to a new sewage treatment facility that would discharge primarily treated effluent. Because of a concern that this discharge might adversely impact the coral-reef community surrounding the end of the new outfall, a baseline marine biological survey was to be conducted prior to start-up of the new sewage treatment facility. As planned, the results of this survey would provide a baseline against which the results of future surveys could be compared in order to determine whether a balanced community of indigenous species had been maintained at the site during operation of the facility. If not, conversion to secondary treatment at the facility would need to be considered. The first resurvey was planned to occur one year after start-up of the new sewage treatment facility with subsequent resurveys planned for every five years thereafter. In August 1997, biologists from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) conducted the baseline marine biological survey in the vicinity of the Roi-Namur outfall. For the National Oceanographic Data Center, interest in the report focuses on the marine element. Data tables from marine surveys of reef fishes, corals, other macroinvertebrates, and algae that exist in those habitats are provided. Purpose: To generally characterize the coral-reef habitat within the vicinity of the outfall and document the primary species of reef fishes, corals, other macroinvertebrates, and algae that exist in those habitats. Supplemental_Information: NOAA Supplemental: Entry_ID: UnknownSensor_Name: SCUBA, visual censusSensor_Name: 0.25 meters-squared stringed quadratSensor_Name: Transect tapeSensor_Name: Hand-held GPSSource_Name: manualProject_Campaign: US Army Originating_Center: US Fish and Wildlife Service Storage_Medium: ASCII and WordPerfect 8Reference: Similar NODC Dataset: 1998 Wake Island, NODC ACCN 0000247Reference: Similar NODC Dataset: 1996 Kwajalein Atoll, NODC ACCN 0000251Reference: Similar NODC Dataset: 1998 Kwajalein Atoll, NODC ACCN (not yet assigned)Online_size: 8 megabytes Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000630 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19970801 Beginning_Time: 0800 Ending_Date: 19970831 Ending_Time: 1700 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Resurvey plans every five years Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: 167.4465233 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 167.4694319 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 09.4067443 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 09.373071 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Biological survey Theme_Keyword: Coral species Theme_Keyword: reef fish species Theme_Keyword: macro-invertebrate species Theme_Keyword: sponge species Theme_Keyword: algae species Theme_Keyword: benthic habitat Theme_Keyword: subtrate type and cover Theme_Keyword: coastal studies Theme_Keyword: coral reef Theme_Keyword: Coral reef monitoring and assessment Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Baseline studies Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid Assessment Studies Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Namur Place_Keyword: Kwajalein Atoll Place_Keyword: Marshall Islands Place_Keyword: tropical western Pacific Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: RMI Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Ralik Islands > Roi-Namur Islet (09N167E0002) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Marshall Islands > Kwajalein Atoll > Roi-Namur Islet (09N167E0002) Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: benthic Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Ecoregion Contact_Position: Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical and mailing Address: 300 Ala Moana Blvd Address: RM 3-122 City: Honolulu State_or_Province: Hawaii Postal_Code: 96850 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)541-3441 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Kevin_Foster@mail.fws.gov Data_Set_Credit: Mr. Randy Galien, U.S. Department of the Army Space and Missile Defense Command, U.S. Army Kwajalein Atoll Republic of the Marshall Islands Native_Data_Set_Environment: Corel WordPerfect 8 Document Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: see Process Description. Completeness_Report: the survey was 100% completed Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Abbott, I.A Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Marine Red Algae of the Hawaiian Islands Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Bishop Museum Press Publisher: Honolulu, Hawaii Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Abbott, 1999 Source_Contribution: Marine Red Algae of the Hawaiian Islands Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: P. L. Colin Originator: C. Arneson Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Tropical Pacific Invertebrates - A Field Guide to the Marine Invertebrates Occurring on Tropical Pacific Coral Reefs, Seagrass Beds and Mangroves Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Beverly Hills, California Publisher: Coral Reef Press Other_Citation_Details: 256 p. Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Colin and Arneson, 1995 Source_Contribution: Tropical Pacific Invertebrates Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: C. L. Hunter Publication_Date: 1995 Title: Review of Status of Coral Reefs Around American Flag Pacific Islands and Assessment of Need, Value, and Feasibility of Establishing a Coral Reef Fishery Management Plan for the Western Pacific Regional Fishery Management Council Other_Citation_Details: 30p. Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Hunter, 1995 Source_Contribution: coral reef status review Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: S. Johnson Publication_Date: 1989 Title: Living Seashells Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii Publisher: Oriental Publishing Company Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Johnson, 1989 Source_Contribution: Identification of the Coral Reef Fishes Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: J. E. Randal Originator: H. A. Randal Publication_Date: 1987 Title: Annotated checklist of the fishes of Enewetak Atoll and other Marshall Islands Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Oak Ridge, Tennessee Publisher: U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information Other_Citation_Details: Pages 289-324 Larger_Work_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: D. M. Devaney Originator: E. S. Reese Originator: B. L. Burch Originator: P. Helfrich (eds.) Publication_Date: 1987 Title: The Natural History of Enewetak Atoll, Volume II, Biogeography and Systematics Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Oak Ridge, Tenneessee Publisher: U.S. Department of Enery, Office of Scientific and Technical Information Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: 1987 Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Randal and Randal, 1987 Source_Contribution: checklist of fishes Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: J.E.N. Veron Publication_Date: 1993 Title: Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, Hawaii Publisher: University of Hawaii Press Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Veron, 1993 Source_Contribution: Corals of Australia and the Indo-Pacific Process_Step: Process_Description: Two complementary survey techniques were used at each station: (a) asemi-quantitative Rapid Ecological Assessment (REA) and a quantitative benthic substrate survey. The REA was used to characterize species and habitat conditions at each station. The technique consisted of timed 30-minute scuba dives by biologists to survey fishes, corals and other macroinvertebrates. All dive operations were supported by Coastal International Security (CIS) and conducted from a 28-foot boat that was operated by CIS Lieutenant Gail Fabrizio. Mission logistical support was provided by Dr. Donald Ott of the USAKA Environmental Office. During each REA survey dive, biologists swam over the reef in a meandering fashion with a minimum amount of backtracking. Species of reef fishes, corals, other macroinvertebrates, and algae were recorded on underwater paper for later transcription. Emphasis was given to identifying conspicuous, diurnally active species. As a result, small, cryptic, and nocturnally active species are under-represented in the data. Many mollusc identifications were based on empty shells. The species observed during the REAs are ranked as being Abundant, Common, Occasional, or Rare. These categories are defined as follows: Abundant (A) = the species contributes substantial abundance or coverage (25+% of total) or is very numerous in the surveyarea (e.g., 15+ individuals of a fish species) or is dominant within parts of the survey area; Common (C) = the species is present as several or more individuals (e.g., 5-14 individuals of a fish species) or as a few larger colonies or is conspicuous in only one or a few parts of the survey area; Occasional (O) = the species is uncommon or present only as a few individuals (e.g., 2-4 individuals for fish species) or as a few large colonies, but not contributing substantially to abundance or substrate coverage anywhere within the survey area; Rare (R) = the species is present on the basis of only one individual (e.g. fishes) or colony seen within the survey area. Data on the benthic substrate and marine community were obtained using a 0.25 square-meter (m2) quadrat containing 25 sampling points, defined as the intersections of 5 strings spanning each dimension of the quadrat. Quadrats were placed at regular intervals along the downslope side of a transect tape laid on the bottom at a depth of 9 m (30 feet [ft]). The tape was fixed to metal stakes hammered into the bottom. GPS coordinates for the stake at the beginning end of each transect were recorded. The type of substrate directly beneath each string intersectionon the quadrat was recorded on underwater paper for later transcription. At all stations except the ZID, a 40-m transect tape was used, with quadrat samples taken every 5 m for a total of 9 samples per station. In order to more intensively sample the environment in the ZID around the diffuser, a 7-m transect tape was used, with quadrat samples taken every one meter for a total of 8 samples. Non-biological substrate types recorded along the transects included consolidated limestone pavement, rubble, and sand. Biological substrate types were in most cases not identified to species during quadrat sampling, but were instead grouped into the following classes: Cyanobacterial fuzz, Lyngbia spp (dominant blue-green algae), Coralline algae, Halimeda spp (dominant green algae), Lobophora sp (dominant brown alga), Peyssonelia sp(dominant red alga), Sponge (all spp), Hydroid (all spp), Coral (all truehard corals of the Order Scleractinia), Millepora spp (dominant falsecorals), Sarcophyton spp (dominant soft corals), and Palythoa sp(dominant zoanthid). Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Abbott, 1999 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Colin and Arneson, 1995 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Hunter, 1995 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Johnson, 1989 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Randal and Randal, 1987 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Veron, 1993 Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Kevin Foster Contact_Organization: U.S. Department of the Interior Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Islands Ecoregion Contact_Position: Biologist Contact_Address: Address_Type: physical and mailing Address: 300 Ala Moana Blvd Address: RM 3-122 City: Honolulu State_or_Province: Hawaii Postal_Code: 96850 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)541-3441 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Kevin_Foster@mail.fws.gov Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center Contact_Person: Data Access Group, User Services Team Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: SSMC-3 Fourth Floor Address: 1315 East West Highway City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910-3282 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: services@nodc.noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/630 Fees: Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data. Ordering_Instructions: Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200329 Metadata_Review_Date: 20081015 Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20060801 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316 Address: Dept. of Oceanography Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa City: Honolulu State_or_Province: Hawaii Postal_Code: 96822 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20081014073629 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 19970801 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 19970831 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000630.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2310