Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Dr. Alan Friedlander Originator: The Oceanic Institute Originator: Dr. Paul Jokiel Originator: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Originator: Department Of Oceanography Originator: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Originator: University Of Hawaii Originator: Mr. Eric Brown Originator: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology Originator: Department Of Oceanography Originator: School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology Originator: University Of Hawaii Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP): Fish Data from 2000 (NODC Accession 0000758) Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/758 Description: Abstract: This dataset consists of CRAMP surveys taken in 2000 and includes quantitative estimates of fish species richness, abundance, and biomass. There are 32 survey sites, with most of these having both a shallow and deep transect. These sites are located on Kauai, Oahu, Maui, Kahoolawe, and Hawaii. Typically, one sampling date was made for each site per year. Annual surveys are scheduled at these sites and additional sites through at least 2002. Purpose: To understand the ecology of Hawaiian coral reefs in relation to other geographic areas and to monitor change at each given site. CRAMP experimental design allows detection of changes that can be attributed to various factors such as: overuse (over-fishing, anchor damage, aquarium trade collection, etc.), sedimentation, nutrient loading, catastrophic natural events (storm wave impact, lavaflows), coastal construction, urbanization, global warming (bleaching), introduced species, algal invasions, and fish and invertebrate diseases. The emphasis of the program is on the major problems facing Hawaiian coral reefs as listed by managers and reef scientists during workshops and meetings held in Hawaii (1997-1998). These are: over-fishing, sedimentation, eutrophication, and algal outbreaks. CRAMP experimental design gives priority to areas where baseline data relevant to these issues were previously collected. Transect dimensions, number of replicates, and methods of evaluation have been selected to detect changes with statistical confidence. Standard techniques include the establishment of permanent transects to quantify fish, coral, algae, and invertebrates at study sites. CRAMP researchers are quantifying changes that have occurred on coral reefs subjected to varying degrees of fishing pressure, sedimentation, eutrophication, and algal growth and are conducting experimental work in order to test hypotheses concerning the role of these environmental factors in the ecology of coral reefs. We are also in the process of resurveying, updating and integrating existing ecological information on an array of coral reefs that have been designated as areas of concern or, "hot spots," by managers and scientists. Supplemental_Information: NOAA Supplemental: Entry_ID: UnknownSensor_Name: SCUBA Source_Name: manual Project_Campaign: Hawaii Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP)Originating_Center: Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawaii at Manoa Storage_Medium: Excel, ASCIIOnline_size: 998473 kbytes Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000758 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20000509 Ending_Date: 20010502 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: In Work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: Annual Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.7273 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -155.0171 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.2109 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.5118 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: Coastal studies Theme_Keyword: Coral reef monitoring and assessment Theme_Keyword: Reef fish Theme_Keyword: reef fish biomass Theme_Keyword: reef fish species Theme_Keyword: reef fish abundance Theme_Keyword: reef fish richness Theme_Keyword: reef fish size Theme_Keyword: substrate type Theme_Keyword: taxa name and code Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets - oceanographic Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets - benthic Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets - biology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Habitats Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis > Transect Monitoring > Video Transect Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis > Videography Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: 002 Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: 007 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kahoolawe Island > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kalawao > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Maui Island > Maui Island (20N156W0004) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Maui > Maui Island (20N156W0004) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Molokai Island > Molokai Island (21N157W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Molokai Island (21N157W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kauai Island > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Kauai Island (22N159W0001) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: MHI Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Kauai Place_Keyword: Oahu Place_Keyword: Molokai Place_Keyword: Maui Place_Keyword: Kahoolawe Place_Keyword: Hawaii Place_Keyword: Kaapuna Place_Keyword: Laaloa Place_Keyword: Laupahoehoe Place_Keyword: Leleiwi Place_Keyword: Kawaihae Place_Keyword: Nenue Pt. Place_Keyword: Hanalei Place_Keyword: Hoai Place_Keyword: Limahuli Place_Keyword: Milolii Place_Keyword: Nualolo Kai Place_Keyword: Hakioawa Place_Keyword: Honolua North Place_Keyword: Honolua South Place_Keyword: Kanehena Bay Place_Keyword: Kanehena Pt. Place_Keyword: Kahekili Place_Keyword: Maalaea Place_Keyword: Molokini Place_Keyword: Olowalu Place_Keyword: Papaula Pt. Place_Keyword: Puamana Place_Keyword: Kamilioloa Place_Keyword: Kamalo Place_Keyword: Palaau Place_Keyword: Hanauma Bay Place_Keyword: Heeia Place_Keyword: Kahe Place_Keyword: Pili O Place_Keyword: Kaalaea Place_Keyword: Moku o Loe Place_Keyword: Pupukea Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: Benthic Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA/National Oceanographic Data Center Contact_Position: NODC User Services Group Leader Contact_Address: Address_Type: Mailing and physical address Address: SSMC3 Fourth Floor Address: 1315 East West Highway City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20910-3282 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: services@nodc.noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday Through Friday Contact_Instructions: Phone/FAX/e-mail Data_Set_Credit: Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationHawaii Coral Reef InitiativeNational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean ServiceUnited States Geological Survey State of Hawaii, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Division of Aquatic Resources Kahoolawe Island Reserve Commission United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Coastal Program Limahuli National Botanical Garden Save Our Seas Native_Data_Set_Environment: ASCII 127 Mbytes. Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: See Lineage - Process Step Completeness_Report: none Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: E. Brown Originator: E. Cox Originator: B. Tissot Originator: K. Rodgers Originator: W. Smith Publication_Date: 1999 Title: Evaluation of benthic sampling methods considered for the Coral Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (CRAMP) Other_Citation_Details: International Conference on Scientific Aspects of Coral Reef Assessment, Monitoring, and Restoration, April 14-16, Ft. Lauderdale, FL. Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Brown and others, 1999 Source_Contribution: benthic sampling methods assessment Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: J. H. Connell Originator: T. P. Hughes Originator: C. C. Wallace Publication_Date: 1997 Title: A 30-year study of coral abundance, recruitment, and disturbance at several scales in space and time Series_Information: Series_name: Ecol. Mono. Issue_Identification: 67(4): 461-488. Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Connell and others, 1997 Source_Contribution: 30 year coral study Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Alan Friedlander Originator: James Parrish Publication_Date: 1998 Title: Habitat characteristics affecting fish assemblages on a Hawaiian coral reef Series_Information: Series_name: Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Issue_Identification: 224: 1-30. Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Friedlander and Parrish, 1998 Source_Contribution: Habitat Characteristics Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: R. H. Green Originator: S. R. Smith Publication_Date: 1997 Title: Sample program design and environmental impact assessment on coral reef Series_Information: Series_name: Proc 8th International Coral Reef Symposium Issue_Identification: 2: 1459-1464 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: Green and Smith, 1997 Source_Contribution: envrionmental impact assessment Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Mark McCormick Publication_Date: 1994 Title: Comparison of field methods for measuring surface topography and their associations with a tropical reef fish assemblage Series_Information: Series_name: Marine Ecology Progress Series Issue_Identification: 112: 87-96 Type_of_Source_Media: paper Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Single_Date/Time: Calendar_Date: Unknown Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: McCormick, 1994 Source_Contribution: Field method comparison Process_Step: Process_Description: CRAMP Protocol - One of the major objectives of the CRAMP program during the first year was toestablish a sampling protocol that could detect change in coral cover overtime with sufficient statistical power (P>0.8). The first step involved the evaluation of historical methods to determine if any of these procedures could be incorporated into the CRAMP protocol. After careful analysis it was determined that only the fixed photoquadrats utilized by Dr. Steve Coles at Bishop Museum had sufficient power. The method, which samples a relatively small area, is suitable to address small-scale questions on coral growth, recruitment and mortality, but inference on general reef condition is difficult across broader sections of reef. The second step involved soliciting input from colleagues conducting coral reef monitoring programs in the Florida Keys and the Great Barrier Reef. Their general recommendation was to use digital video to sample coral cover over large areas of the reef. Before we could implement their designs, however, we had to evaluate the appropriateness of these techniques forHawai`i. The following parameters in the sampling design were determined in the third step: 1. Repeatability and appropriate length of the transects using different methods 2. Observer variation within different methods 3. Number of points per frame to analyze 4. Number of frames per transect to analyze 5. Number of transects per depth to sample 6. Random versus fixed transects 7. Time and monetary considerations to optimize sampling design. The results of this evaluation were presented at the National Coral Reef Institute Conference in Florida and are summarized by the CRAMP research team (Brown, et al. 1999). Repeatability and appropriate transect length were tested using photoquadrats on a transect line sampled over a short time interval. Shorter transects of 10m were found to have higher precision (Ability to replicate quadrats on a transect) than transects of 25m and 50m. Photoquadrats produced similar results to visual estimation techniques, regardless of observer, but neither method yielded satisfactory precision. Digital video was evaluated at Hanauma Bay, Oahu over 2 time intervals separated by 84 days. It was assumed that overall coral cover would not change dramatically during this time period. Power curves were constructed using methods described by Zar (1999) for detecting a 10% change in coral cover across 2 time periods (Figure 1). Number of frames was more important in increasing power than number of points though the difference was not substantial. This is primarily due to the fact that more frames sample a larger portion of the habitat, which incorporates more of the heterogeneity of the substrate. A sample size of 10 transects per site appeared to be adequate for characterizing the coral cover using a power value of 0.8 set as a convention by Cohen (1988). Fixed transects were chosen over random for several reasons. First, it is difficult to properly implement a randomized protocol for transect placement without a map of benthic habitats that is geo-referenced. At present this does not exist for the state of Hawai`i. Second, the majority of the historical data uses fixed transect locations so integrating the current protocol with previous work will be simpler. Third, after the initial random setup the fixed transects should be easier to resample, thus reducing preparation time and ultimately costs to generate the random grid for subsequent transect measurements (Green and Smith, 1997). Fourth, randomized sampling of transects will have difficulty in detecting change in coral cover if reefs change dramatically over time. This is because the random protocol measures inherent spatial variation at each sampling period, which adds variance associated with spatial heterogeneity of the reef rather than changes or patterns that are time-related (Green and Smith, 1997). Fifth, using a repeated measures ANOVA design with fixed transects can provide additional information on population and community structure that is difficult to obtain with random transects (Hughes, 1996; Connell et al.1997). Sixth, the time and cost complications with random transects are not worth the broader inference about reef "condition" especially if the fixed transects are representative of habitat variation (Andy Taylor, personal communication). Finally, interpreting results from fixed transects is much easier for the general public and resource managers to comprehend than using a randomized sampling design. Time and monetary constraints were examined to determine the optimum sampling protocol. The analysis revealed that digital video collected more data perunit time than visual estimation, planar point intercept and photoquadrats. It was the most expensive option considered at $5,500 for the system but since field time underwater is the principal limiting factor then the quantity of field data collected outweighs the expense. In addition, digital video and photoquadrats also enable archiving of the data for later re-analysis to address additional questions. Site Survey Protocol - Two types of protocol are utilized by CRAMP: Monitoring Protocol andAssessment Protocol. This submission to NOAA only includes data taken using the Monitoring Protocol. The Assessment Protocol is simply an abbreviated version of the Monitoring Protocol. The Assessment Protocolis a rapid method that is most useful for describing spatial relationships. The Assessment Protocol lacks the statistical power of the Monitoring Protocol to detect change in the benthos. The Assessment Protocol is a more cost-effective method for answering certain questions on the status of coral reefs. Monitoring Protocol - General Description Installing the fixed monitoring sites is a process that was generally completed by a team of six divers during a single dive. All primary sites have been installed. The initial monitoring of a given site was generally initiated at some time after installation. More detail on installation is discussed under the section on Benthic Monitoring. Upon reaching an established monitoring site site a number of tasks must be performed. CRAMP generally surveys one site (3 m and 10 m transect locations at each site) per day with a team of 6 divers. The deeper site is surveyed in the morning, the shallow site in the afternoon after a proper surface interval. The beginning of the transect is located by visual lineups and/or GPS by skindivers and marked with a dive flag to alert boaters of our presence and enable quick location by the divers. Subsequent SCUBA teams entering the water take materials needed for the survey (spooled transect tapes, rugosity chain, video camera, photo-quadrat apparatus, extra marker pins, etc) and deposit the material near the start of the transect for use by the teams during the dive.The first SCUBA team to enter the water consists of two divers: the person doing the fish survey and a back-up diver who stays within visual range and photographs the fixed photo-quadrats as the fish survey proceeds. Estimates of fish species richness, abundance, and biomass are taken before the benthic transect lines are laid out so as to sample a relatively undisturbed habitat. The standard CRAMP fish transect is taken along a depth contourwithin the CRAMP grid of benthic transects, and consists of four, 5x25m transects that are separated by 5m. The scientist doing the fish surveycounts fish while deploying a 25 m line behind him/her. As the survey proceeds, two more SCUBA divers enter the water. One of the pair starts video taping the replicate benthic transects while the second deploys the transect tapes and records species information on the corals/algae located along each transect for later reference. The third team of two divers follows the video transect team and measures rugosity under the replicate transects. Upon completion of the fish transect, the first dive teamcompletes the photo-quadrats. As other teams complete their work they return to the start of the transect and begin taking up the transect tapes. During the survey, various divers complete additional functions. Theseinclude taking sediment samples, stabilizing or replacing lose transect pins, routine photography of organisms, description of habitats, making algae collections or various activities. The same procedure is carried out at the shallow site during the afternoon. In addition, at various times of the day (depending on time availability)two members of the group will skin dive with a dive flag and water proof GPS unit while describing and recording habitat distribution throughout the study site for later mapping efforts. This database contains all of the fish transect data collected at each site during a survey. Data includes site, survey date, observer, transect, abundance and size estimates for all fish species present within the transect boundaries. Multiple queries extract species richness and abundance data for each site. Additional queries convert the size estimates to total biomass and biomass by species for each site. Length estimates of fishes from visual censuses can be converted to weight using the following length-weight conversion: W = aSLb the parameters a and b are constants for the allometric growth equation where SL is standard length in mm and W in grams. Length-weight parameters are available for 150 species commonly observed on visual fish transects in Hawaii (Friedlander, 1997)and are included in the Taxon table of the database. Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Brown and others,1999 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Connell and others, 1997 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Friedlander and Parrish, 1998 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: Smith and Smith, 1997 Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: McCormick, 1994 Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Dr. Alan Friedlander Contact_Organization: The Oceanic Institute Contact_Address: Address_Type: Physical and mailing Address: 41-202 Kalanianaole Hwy City: Waimanalo State_or_Province: HI Postal_Code: 96795 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-259-7951 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: afriedlander@oceanicinstitute.org Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center Contact_Person: Data Access Group, User Services Team Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: SSMC-3 Fourth Floor Address: 1315 East West Highway City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910-3282 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: services@nodc.noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: ASCII Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/758 Fees: Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data. Ordering_Instructions: Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200329 Metadata_Review_Date: 20081020 Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20060801 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316 Address: Dept. of Oceanography Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa City: Honolulu State_or_Province: Hawaii Postal_Code: 96822 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20081020062709 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20000303 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20010129 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000758.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2318