Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
20100413
CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Kingman Reef, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2008
spreadsheet
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/ecosystems/coral-reefs-pacific
To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 21 March - 12 April 2008, reef fish assessment surveys were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0803 in the Pacific Remote Island Areas at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, 23 REA sites were surveyed at Kingman Reef in the Pacific Remote Island Areas.
At the specific REA sites, fish biologists along with coral biologists, algal biologists and marine invertebrate zoologist entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of fish, corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats.
Reef fish assessment surveys were focused on cataloging the diversity (species richness), abundance (numeric density [# fish 100 m-2] and biomass density [kg 100 m-2]) of diurnally active reef fish assemblages. Three complementary noninvasive underwater survey methods were used, including belt-transect, stationary point count, and roving-diver surveys. For all methods, fish were identified at the species level, when possible, and assigned to a size bin ranging from 1 to 200 cm based on a visual estimate of total fish length.
Belt-transect (BLT) surveys were used to quantify the entire diurnal fish community (all size classes). In belt-transect surveys, two fish biologists swam side-by-side along three consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The BLT team swam each transect two times. During the initial swim-out, each fish diver recorded all fish larger than 20 cm observed within a 4-m wide belt perpendicular to their respective side of the transect (200 m2 area per line, 100 m2 per diver). On the return swim, each fish diver recorded all fish less than 20 cm observed within a 2-m wide belt (100 m2 area per line, 50 m2 per diver). The survey of large fish took approximately 5 min to complete while the survey of smaller fish took about 10 min to complete. All reef-associated fish, including those in the water column (including planktivores), were counted. Any coastal pelagic species (e.g., clupeids [sardines], belonids [beakfish], antherinids [silversides]) seen near the surface were not recorded.
The stationary point count (SPC) method were used to quantify larger, more mobile reef fish species that can be missed on belt-transect surveys. In stationary point count survey, a fish biologist swam approximately 15 m away from a transect line concurrently being surveyed by the other two BLT fish biologists. The SPC biologist then recorded all fish greater than 25 cm in length that passed within a visually estimated 20-m diameter cylinder centered on the diver's fixed position (10-m radius, total area = 314 m2). The survey time for each stationary point count survey was 5 min and a total of four stationary point count surveys were conducted at each REA site.
Roving-diver surveys were followed belt-transect and stationary point count surveys. As diver bottom time permitted, the fish assessment team conducted random swim surveys throughout the REA site area, recording, to the species level or the lowest recognizable taxon, the presence of reef fish not encountered during previous methods.
Part of a long-term monitoring program at biennial intervals which documents the state of the reefs.
Maximum depth was 22 meters.
Fish species observed:
Year Region Island Species TaxonName
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACAC Acanthurus achilles
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACBL Acanthurus blochii
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACLI Acanthurus lineatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACMA Acanthurus maculiceps
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACMT Acanthurus mata
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNC Acanthurus nigricans
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNI Acanthurus nigricauda
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNF Acanthurus nigrofuscus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNR Acanthurus nigroris
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACOL Acanthurus olivaceus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACPY Acanthurus pyroferus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACSP Acanthurus sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACTH Acanthurus thompsoni
2008 PRIAs Kingman ACTR Acanthurus triostegus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ALSC Aluterus scriptus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ANME Anampses melanurus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ANTW Anampses twistii
2008 PRIAs Kingman APFU Aphareus furca
2008 PRIAs Kingman APGR Apolemichthys griffisi
2008 PRIAs Kingman APXA Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman AUCH Aulostomus chinensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman BAUN Balistapus undulatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman BOAX Bodianus axillaris
2008 PRIAs Kingman BOLO Bodianus loxozonus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CACE Caesio caerulaurea
2008 PRIAs Kingman CATE Caesio teres
2008 PRIAs Kingman CACA Calotomus carolinus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CADU Cantherhines dumerilii
2008 PRIAs Kingman CAAM Canthigaster amboinensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman JACK Carangidae sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman CAME Caranx melampygus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CAAB Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos
2008 PRIAs Kingman CEFL Centropyge flavissima
2008 PRIAs Kingman CELO Centropyge loricula
2008 PRIAs Kingman CEAR Cephalopholis argus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CEUR Cephalopholis urodeta
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHAU Chaetodon auriga
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHCI Chaetodon citrinellus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHEP Chaetodon ephippium
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHKL Chaetodon kleinii
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHLT Chaetodon lunulatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHME Chaetodon meyeri
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHOR Chaetodon ornatissimus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHPW Chaetodon pelewensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHPU Chaetodon punctatofasciatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHQU Chaetodon quadrimaculatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHRE Chaetodon reticulatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHTR Chaetodon trifascialis
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHUL Chaetodon ulietensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHUN Chaetodon unimaculatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHOX Cheilinus oxycephalus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHTL Cheilinus trilobatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHMC Chlorurus microrhinos
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHSO Chlorurus sordidus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHAC Chromis acares
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHAG Chromis agilis
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHLE Chromis lepidolepis
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHMA Chromis margaritifer
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHVA Chromis vanderbilti
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHXA Chromis xanthura
2008 PRIAs Kingman CIEX Cirrhilabrus exquisitus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CIOX Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CIFA Cirrhitops fasciatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CIVA Cirripectes vanderbilti
2008 PRIAs Kingman CIVR Cirripectes variolosus
2008 PRIAs Kingman COAY Coris aygula
2008 PRIAs Kingman COCE Coris centralis
2008 PRIAs Kingman COGA Coris gaimard
2008 PRIAs Kingman CTCY Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CTFL Ctenochaetus flavicauda
2008 PRIAs Kingman CTHA Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman CTMA Ctenochaetus marginatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CTSP Ctenochaetus sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman CTSR Ctenochaetus striatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman DAAR Dascyllus aruanus
2008 PRIAs Kingman DAAU Dascyllus auripinnis
2008 PRIAs Kingman DATR Dascyllus trimaculatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPIN Epibulus insidiator
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPFA Epinephelus fasciatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPHE Epinephelus hexagonatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPML Epinephelus melanostigma
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPME Epinephelus merra
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPPO Epinephelus polyphekadion
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPSL Epinephelus spilotoceps
2008 PRIAs Kingman EPTA Epinephelus tauvina
2008 PRIAs Kingman FICO Fistularia commersonii
2008 PRIAs Kingman FOFL Forcipiger flavissimus
2008 PRIAs Kingman GOVA Gomphosus varius
2008 PRIAs Kingman GYJA Gymnothorax javanicus
2008 PRIAs Kingman GYME Gymnothorax meleagris
2008 PRIAs Kingman HAHO Halichoeres hortulanus
2008 PRIAs Kingman HAME Halichoeres melasmapomus
2008 PRIAs Kingman HAOR Halichoeres ornatissimus
2008 PRIAs Kingman HEFA Hemigymnus fasciatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman HETH Hemitaurichthys thompsoni
2008 PRIAs Kingman HECR Heteropriacanthus cruentatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman CHUB Kyphosidae sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman LAUN Labrichthys unilineatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman WRAS Labridae sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman LABI Labroides bicolor
2008 PRIAs Kingman LADI Labroides dimidiatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman LARU Labroides rubrolabiatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman LAAU Labropsis australis
2008 PRIAs Kingman LAXA Labropsis xanthonota
2008 PRIAs Kingman LEXA Lethrinus xanthochilus
2008 PRIAs Kingman LUBO Lutjanus bohar
2008 PRIAs Kingman LUFU Lutjanus fulvus
2008 PRIAs Kingman LUGI Lutjanus gibbus
2008 PRIAs Kingman MAME Macropharyngodon meleagris
2008 PRIAs Kingman MABI Manta birostris
2008 PRIAs Kingman MENI Melichthys niger
2008 PRIAs Kingman MEVI Melichthys vidua
2008 PRIAs Kingman MOGR Monotaxis grandoculis
2008 PRIAs Kingman MUFL Mulloidichthys flavolineatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman MUMI Mulloidichthys mimicus
2008 PRIAs Kingman MUVA Mulloidichthys vanicolensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman MYAM Myripristis amaena
2008 PRIAs Kingman MYBE Myripristis berndti
2008 PRIAs Kingman MYKU Myripristis kuntee
2008 PRIAs Kingman NABR Naso brevirostris
2008 PRIAs Kingman NAHE Naso hexacanthus
2008 PRIAs Kingman NALI Naso lituratus
2008 PRIAs Kingman NAUN Naso unicornis
2008 PRIAs Kingman NAVL Naso vlamingii
2008 PRIAs Kingman NONE no individuals seen
2008 PRIAs Kingman NOTA Novaculichthys taeniourus
2008 PRIAs Kingman OSME Ostracion meleagris
2008 PRIAs Kingman OXDI Oxycheilinus digramma
2008 PRIAs Kingman OXUN Oxycheilinus unifasciatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PAAR Paracirrhites arcatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PAFO Paracirrhites forsteri
2008 PRIAs Kingman PAHE Paracirrhites hemistictus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PACY Parupeneus cyclostomus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PAIN Parupeneus insularis
2008 PRIAs Kingman PAMU Parupeneus multifasciatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PEOU Pempheris oualensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman PEMA Pervagor marginalis
2008 PRIAs Kingman SAND Pinguipedidae sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman PLTA Plagiotremus tapeinosoma
2008 PRIAs Kingman PLDI Plectroglyphidodon dickii
2008 PRIAs Kingman PLIM Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis
2008 PRIAs Kingman PLJO Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PLPH Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman POCO Pomacentrus coelestis
2008 PRIAs Kingman PSOL Pseudanthias olivaceus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PSEV Pseudocheilinus evanidus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PSHE Pseudocheilinus hexataenia
2008 PRIAs Kingman PSOC Pseudocheilinus octotaenia
2008 PRIAs Kingman PSYA Pseudocoris yamashiroi
2008 PRIAs Kingman PSMO Pseudodax moluccanus
2008 PRIAs Kingman PTEV Ptereleotris evides
2008 PRIAs Kingman PTHE Ptereleotris heteroptera
2008 PRIAs Kingman SADI Sargocentron diadema
2008 PRIAs Kingman SASP Sargocentron spiniferum
2008 PRIAs Kingman SATI Sargocentron tiere
2008 PRIAs Kingman PARR Scaridae sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman SCFR Scarus frenatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman SCPS Scarus psittacus
2008 PRIAs Kingman SCRU Scarus rubroviolaceus
2008 PRIAs Kingman SCSP Scarus sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman SCSI Scarus spinus
2008 PRIAs Kingman SCTR Scarus tricolor
2008 PRIAs Kingman STAU Stegastes aureus
2008 PRIAs Kingman STFA Stegastes fasciolatus
2008 PRIAs Kingman STBN Stethojulis bandanensis
2008 PRIAs Kingman SUBU Sufflamen bursa
2008 PRIAs Kingman SUCH Sufflamen chrysopterum
2008 PRIAs Kingman LIZA Synodontidae sp
2008 PRIAs Kingman THAM Thalassoma amblycephalum
2008 PRIAs Kingman THHA Thalassoma hardwicke
2008 PRIAs Kingman THLN Thalassoma lunare
2008 PRIAs Kingman THLU Thalassoma lutescens
2008 PRIAs Kingman THQU Thalassoma quinquevittatum
2008 PRIAs Kingman THTR Thalassoma trilobatum
2008 PRIAs Kingman TROB Triaenodon obesus
2008 PRIAs Kingman VALO Variola louti
2008 PRIAs Kingman ZACO Zanclus cornutus
2008 PRIAs Kingman ZERO Zebrasoma rostratum
2008 PRIAs Kingman ZESC Zebrasoma scopas
20080404
20080407
Ground condition
asNeeded
-162.518212
-162.323318
6.472618
6.360557
NCEI Geoportal FilterCoRIS_MetadataCRCP ProjectPacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the U.S. Pacific Islands and Atolls1221
None
Marine Ecosystem
Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP)
Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA)
Coral Reef
Reef Fishes
Belt Transect (BLT) Survey
Stationary Point Count (SPC )Surveys
Roving-diver surveys
Pacific Remote Island Areas
Kingman Reef
HI0803
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Numeric Data Sets > Biology
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Rapid assessment studies
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Stationary
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Random swimming
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Belt transect
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
002
None
Pacific Remote Island Areas
Kingman Reef
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
CoRIS Region
PRIA
Data are available two years following data collection date.
Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
Ivor Williams
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
"Marc Nadon, Robert Schroeder, Kevin O'Brien, Paula Ayotte", Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Not applicable
Unclassified
Not applicable
Oracle
Observations at each site were made by three divers who are experts in fish taxonomy. The team of three REA fish divers rotated roles with two divers performing belt-transect surveys and one diver performing stationary point counts at each survey site. Observations were periodically checked during the expedition for consistency between divers, and little discrepancy was ever noted between divers. It should be noted, however, that this data set is quite large, and probably includes typographical or other errors that might be discovered at a future date.
The same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location, and were conducted by the same scientists. Periodic examination of the data through the duration of the trip showed no signs of diver bias or other discrepancies.
The survey sites were selected to be representative of the coral reef habitats at this reef system. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded the team from surveying windward or exposed sites.
GPS unit
1
Instrument parameters
Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge
0.3
Instrument parameters
REA surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral, algae, other macroinvertebrate, and reef fish communities. The surveys were conducted using a combination of dive teams which generally included a two to three person fish team, a two person coral/coral disease team, and a combined team of two algae biologists and one macroinvertebrate biologist. The majority of REA surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes of individual islands at depths between 10 and 20 m. However, additional surveyed habitats included a lagoonal-type patch reef and offshore oceanic banks.
During REA surveys, biological assessment teams follow highly structured protocols that are repeated at each REA site. Upon arrival at an REA site, three teams of divers enter the water over spaced time intervals. The fish team firstly enters the water and deploys a 25-m transect line. Two of the fish divers begin to survey along that transect while the remaining fish diver begins stationary point count assessments in the general vicinity. After approximately 20 min, the coral team enters the water and begins to work along the first transect line. By this time the fish team has deployed and begun surveys along a second 25-m transect. About 10 min later, the algal/invertebrate team enters the water and begins surveying the first transect. In total, the fish team surveys three transects at each site (transects 1, 2, and 3), and the coral and algal/invertebrate teams survey transects 1 and 2. The sampling effort takes between 60 and 80 min to complete.
The selection of REA sites was made in close consultation with Coral Reef Advisory Group (CRAG) and local agencies. Factors considered during REA site selection included: (1) ensuring a range of sample sites representative of the benthic and reef fish habitats around each island; (2) selecting a mixture of sites within and outside of marine protected areas; (3) selecting a mixture of both 'impacted' and 'least impacted' sites; (4) selecting some sites adjacent to local villages, and (5) selecting a number of sites that could be compared to and complement previous assessment and monitoring work as well as future coral reef monitoring proposed by CRAG and local agencies. It is important to note that access to REA sites can be limited by wave exposure, weather conditions, and other environmental factors such as currents, which can affect the ability to resurvey sites between years.
Transect placement was guided by: (1) a focus on hard-bottom communities; (2) deploying lines along an isobath to the extent possible at each site, and (3) laying the transect lines into the prevailing current.
Unknown
0.0001
0.0001
Decimal Degrees
World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80)
6378137
298.2572236
Local surface
1
meters
Explicit Depth Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
CRED Data Management Team
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
Offline Data
While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
XLS (Microsoft Excel worksheet)
CDROM, or email
ISO 9660
None if receiving the data online
Contact CRED data management team for information
Contact CRED data management team for information
20190526
20090914
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
20090914085601
None
20080404
20080407
https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_rea_fish_kingman_reef_2008.html
2924