Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
200606
CRED Optical Validation Data at Midway Island, 2002, to Support Benthic Habitat Mapping
Video and photo imagery, track line navigation files, and log sheets
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/
Optical validation data were collected using a Tethered Optical Assessment Device (TOAD), an underwater
sled equipped with an underwater digital video camera and lights. Data were collected at the Northwestern Hawaiian
Islands, Midway Island to support Benthic Habitat Mapping efforts.
This data provides optical observations that will be correlated with bathymetry and acoustic backscatter
imagery to develop a benthic habitat map of Midway Island. Refer to supplemental information for description of
instrument and survey.
The Midway Islands, located at 28.2 N, 177.4W and 1.42 sq. km in area, are enclosed in
the classically shaped Midway Atoll. The underlying basalt, covered by more than 400m of fossil reef, is
estimated to be 28 million years old. (Boreholes drilled by Ladd et al. [reported in Science in 1967] reached
basalt 152m below Sand Island.) Within the reef are two islands; Sand Island was extensively modified starting in
1856 when reefs were blasted to create a port. Midway was an important stopover on transpacific voyages, and saw
regular commercial ship and seaplane traffic. During the U.S. Navy's occupation of the atoll beginning in the
1940s, Sand Island and Eastern Island were extensively modified to create airstrips and widen the southern
shipping channel. The atoll and banks include 223 sq. km area with of depths less than 100 m. The area is now
the Midway Atoll National Wildlife Refuge which is under jurisdiction of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.
Optical validation data were collected using the Tethered Optical Assessment Device (TOAD), a sled equipped with
underwater video camera, still camera, and lights. These data are used to provide ground-truth validation that
for benthic habitat maps based on multibeam echosounder surveys. Camera sled deployments were conducted at night,
usually between 1800 and midnight. The TOAD was deployed from a pot hauler mounted on the starboard side of the
fantail on NOAA Ship Townsend Cromwell. It was lowered slowly to the bottom by the deck crew with the use of a
capstan. The TOAD operator monitored a live video feed from the camera and began recording data on two video tape
recorders. When the camera reached bottom the deck crew was notified by radio to stop lowering. The TOAD was a
MiniBat 8820 unit manufactured by Guideline, and was towed by the ship at 1-2 knots while remotely guided from
the ship using adjustable wing controls to keep the unit close to the underwater substrate. The TOAD was damaged
during the cruise on 02/20/02, and subsequent tows were conducted as drift deployments. At each station the ship
was positioned with the wind on the starboard side and drifted downwind; occasional light turns were applied to
the ship's screws if necessary to reduce the ship's motion. The operator continued to monitor the vehicle and
provided commands to raise or lower it to keep the camera just above the bottom.
Equipment Description: The TOAD is a camera sled based on the Guildline MiniBat model 8820 tow body. The frame
was configured with a single Sony DCR-PC110 Digital Video Camera in a modified Gates underwater housing, a Canon
Power Shot G1 Still Camera (modified by CRED engineers) in an Ikelite housing rated to 60 m slaved to an Ikelite
DS-50 strobe, and two 500 W DeepSea Power & Light model 710-0400601 underwater lights. The Canon camera had a
custom-built timer that enabled the user to select a constant time interval (ranging from approximately 5 seconds
to 2 minutes) between photographs. An interval of 30 seconds was typically selected, which, assuming a mean
velocity for the camera sled of 1.5 knots, resulted in one photograph approximately every 20 m. Photograph
resolution is 2048 x 1536 pixels and file names are assigned sequentially and automatically by the camera,
starting at 100-0000 after the camera's memory is cleared. The MiniBat pressure sensor and wing controller were
also mounted on the frame but the pressure sensor was not operational. After damage to the TOAD on 02/20/02 and
the sled's wings were not installed thereafter. The cable between the sled and the surface was an underwater
load-bearing electrical cable. The TOAD computers were located in the Electronics Lab of the Townsend Cromwell.
The electronics box containing the power switches was secured to the ship's fantail, and all other TOAD surface
components were secured in the ship's wet lab.
Name & address of person collecting data:
Joyce Miller & Ronald Hoeke
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
Data Files: Video data were recorded on two video tape recorders. Still photos were recorded on digital camera
and downloaded to the TOAD computer after the tow. The position of the camera sled was recorded using Guildline
MiniBat In-Tow data acquisition software.
File naming convention: Each tow is given a name consisting of a 3-letter designator for the island area, "MID"
in this case followed by a five-digit tow number. The first two digits indicate the last two digits of the
calendar year, i.e., "02" is used for this cruise, which took place in 2002. The last three numbers indicate the
consecutive number of the tow for that island and year, and start on the next hundred for subsequent cruises in
that year to the same island. During TC0207 the consecutive numbers started at 004. Video tape labels, the
navigation files (*.glo) and paper log forms are all annotated with the tow name. Metadata were extracted from
the navigation data and recorded to a file with the same name as the navigation file except that a file type of
".met" was appended; for example, "MID02004.glo.met"
Time Correlation: All times are based on UTC. Two clocks were set manually synchronized prior to starting data
collection; the clock in the video character generator that was used to annotate the video tape and the TOAD data
acquisition computer clock was used to annotate the navigation (*.glo) files. These clocks were set to UTC at the
beginning of each evening's operations and then compared to one another prior to (and during) each tow. There were
problems maintaining synchronization of the TOAD computer clock during this cruise. See the problems section for a
description.
Resource Description: Digital video images that are geo-referenced to navigation files.
20020922
20020926
ground condition
As needed
-177.41977
-177.38267
28.28858
28.25578
NCEI Geoportal FilterCoRIS_MetadataCRCP ProjectBenthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization - Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands1217
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis > Videography
None
Tethered Optical Assessment Device (TOAD)
Underwater video
TC0207
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Visual Images > Habitats
ISO 19115 Topic Category
environment
007
biota
002
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Midway Atoll (28N177W0001)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)
CoRIS Region
NWHI
None
Please acknowledge the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center as
the source of this information.
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/NWHI_images/mid_toad_445px.jpg
Midway Atoll, NWHI: TOAD Tows and Multibeam Bathymetry
JPEG
Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science
Center (PIFSC), NOAA
Not applicable
Unclassified
Not applicable
Unspecified
Complete
The horizontal position accuracy for the camera sled position is 100 meters.
There are three primary sources of this error. The ship's positioning is based on GPS SPS, often called
standalone or non-differential GPS positioning. SPS has a measured accuracy of under 5 meters. The position
of the GPS antenna is used; no attempt is made to translocate this position to that of the tow block from which
the camera is deployed. The difference between the tow block and the antenna is about 14 meters. The camera
sled position is based a layback calculation that use ship's course, the amount of cable out and the camera
sled depth to develop an estimate of the camera sled position. The amount of cable deployed is manually
entered by the operator during a given camera tow.
After a tow was completed the video tape data was reviewed by spot-checking the master and
backup tape to verify that data were recorded. Navigation data were copied from the acquisition computer to the
data archive. A metadata extractor (gloFilter.py, version 3/06) was run to summarize the navigation data and test
for errors. If errors were detected they were corrected or flagged as appropriate and a new data file was made.
This file's header was updated to document what type of processing occurred. A metadata file was recorded in the
data archive in the same location as the navigation data. Processed navigation data were then read into ArcView 3.2
shapefiles using an ArcView Avenue script named "TOAD.Import.Playback", version 9/25/01, written by Ronald Hoeke.
20041015
0.0001
0.0001
Decimal Degrees
D_WGS_1984
WGS_1984
6378137.000000
298.257224
No correction
0.1
meters
Attribute Values
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
Offline Data
These data are not to be used for navigational purposes. NOAA makes no warranty regarding these
data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability
for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function
on a particular system.
ASCII
Each comma-delimited record contains year, day of year, time, latitude, longitude,
velocity north and east, water column depth, vehicle depth, layback, and wing angle. For this data set the fields
for vehicle depth and wing angle do not contain useful data.
List of navigation files:
MID02004.glo
MID02010.glo
CD-ROM
ISO 9660
mini digital video
List of video tapes:
MID02004, VHS, Master
MID02004, Mini DV, Master
MID02004, Mini DV, Backup
Video cassette tape
Mini DV
JPG digital still photo
58 still images available; poor photos were enhanced or deleted
List of photo folders:
MID02010: MID_092602_0537 (58 photos)
CD-ROM
JPEG
None
20200329
20110323
Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
20080502030113
None
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https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_toad_midway_tc0207_2002.html
1485