DATASET SOURCE:
Dr. Richard E. Brock
DATASET SOURCE INSTITUTION:
Sea Grant
University Of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
CONTRIBUTOR:
Dr. Roger S. Fujioka
Dr. Jamse E.T. Moncur
Dr. Richard E. Brock
CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION:
Dr. Roger S. Fujioka
Dr. Jamse E.T. Moncur
Water Resources Research Center
University Of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Dr. Richard E. Brock
Sea Grant
University Of Hawaii at Manoa
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
19981231
Unknown
Reef community structure, Sand Island, Oahu HI, (NODC Accession 0000177)
None
Digital files
Honolulu, HI
City and County of Honolulu, Department of Public Works
Project Report:
Prepared for
Department of Environmental Services,
Honolulu, HI
"Assessment of the Impact of Ocean Outfalls
on the Marine Environment off Sand Island Outfall."
Project No.: C59390
Project Period: 21 December 1990 to 31 December 1994
Principal Investigator: Roger S. Fujioka
Project No.: C39805
Project Period: 1 January 1995 - 30 September 1997
Principal Investigator: Roger S. Fujioka
Project No.: C54997
Project Period: 1 January 1997 - 30 September 2002
Principal Investigator: James E.T. Moncur
These reports provide the results of nine years (1990-98) of an annual quantitative monitoring of shallow marine communities inshore of the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii. This monitoring effort focuses on benthic and fish community structure and is designed to detect changes in these communities.
Marine communities offshore of Honolulu have received considerable perturbation over the last 100 years. Dumping of raw sewage in shallow water, which occurred from 1955 to 1977, was halted in 1978; however, point and nonpoint sources of pollution from both urban activities and industry continue.
All of these disturbances may serve to obscure any impacts that may be caused by treated effluent discharged from the deep-ocean outfall. The marine communities show a considerable range in development that is probably related to historical impacts. Stations have been located to take advantage of these gradients.
Analysis of the nine years of data showed that there has been no statistically significant change in any of the biological parameters measured in this study other than for the mean number of invertebrate species and numbers of individual invertebrates encountered per transect. In these cases the data for 1998 showed
significantly greater numbers of species and individuals over other years. These changes are probably the result of higher than usual counts of the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus, as well as just more invertebrate species present at most stations.
To determine the status of the marine resources in the vicinity of the discharge in an effort to quantitatively ascertain if any impacts are occurring to the coral reef biota.
SAMPLING PERIODS:
27-29 December 1990
5-6 December 1991
21-22 December 1992
25 January, 7-9 September 1993
20 September, 13-14 October 1994
28 August, 7 and 26 September 1995
20-21 November 1996
14-15, 18 August 1997
28 August 1998
For the aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System; www.itis.usda.gov) at the National Oceanographic Data Center (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov) in the development of this metadata record; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record. Originator data and species listings were not altered in the original data files.
Resource Description: NODC Accession # 0000177
19901227
Unknown
19980828
Unknown
ground condition
As needed
Selected sites fronting Sand Island, Oahu, Hawaii in relation to the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, including Kewalo Landfill, Kalihi Channel, and Reef Runway
-157.92
-157.89
21.29
21.27
NCEI Geoportal FilterCoRIS_Metadata
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Coralline Algae
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Census
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Pollution
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Live percentage
EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Contaminants
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Numeric Data Sets > Biology
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
002
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003)
none
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Islands
Sand Island, Oahu
Sand Island, Oahu deep ocean outfall
Honolulu Harbor
Ke'ehi Lagoon
CoRIS Region
MHI
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish assemblages
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Reptiles > Turtles
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Sponges
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
ITIS organization and partners: U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Biological Information Infrastructure; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; U.S. National Park Service; Conabio (Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad - Mexico)
20020602
Unknown
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
None
Database
World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) organization and partners
For aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against ITIS and other pertinent taxonomic listings (Bishop Museum, HI) at the National Oceanographic Data Center in the development OF THIS METADATA RECORD only; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record. Originator data and species listings ARE NOT altered in the original data files.
See originator data files. For aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS; see the World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html) and other pertinent taxonomic listings (Bishop Museum, HI) at the National Oceanographic Data Center in the development OF THIS METADATA RECORD only; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record. Originator data and species listings ARE NOT altered in the original data files.
See project reports in originator data files
Organisms recorded as family, genus, and species in originator data files
Kingdoms
Animalia, Plantae, Monera
Kingdom
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Class
Actinopterygii
Order
Anguilliformes
Family
Muraenidae
Genus
Gymnothorax
Species
Gymnothorax petelli
tiger moray, yellowhead moray
Species
Gymnothorax flavimarginatus
yellowedged moray
Species
Gymnothorax meleagris
spotted moray, guineafowl moray, puhi'onio
Species
Gymnothorax eurostus
Species
Gymnothorax steindachneri
Species
Gymnothorax undulatus
common hawaiian moray, leopard moray, nami-utsubo
Genus
Echidna
Species
Echidna zebra (= Gymnomuraena zebra)
zebra moray
Genus
Uropterygius
Species
Uropterygius tigrinus
tiger reef eel
Order
Beryciformes
Family
Holocentridae
Genus
Myripristis
Species
Myripristis amaenus (= Myripristis argyromus, Myripristis symmetricus, syn.)
Order
Gasterosteiformes
Family
Aulostomidae
Genus
Aulostomus
Species
Aulostomus chinensis
painted flute mouth
Family
Fistulariidae
Genus
Fistularia
Species
Fistularia commersoni
Order
Perciformes
Family
Serranidae
Genus
Cephalopholis
Species
Cephalopholis argus (= Cephalopholis guttatus, Epinephelus argus, syn.)
peacock hind
Family
Apogonidae
Genus
Apogon
Species
Apogon kallopterus
spinyhead cardinalfish
Family
Carangidae
Genus
Seriola
Species
Seriola dumerili
greater amberjack
Genus
Caranx
Species
Caranx orthogrammus
Species
Caranx melampygus
bluefin trevally, black ulua
Genus
Decapterus
Species
Decapterus macarellus
mackerel scad
Genus
Scombroides
Species
Scombroides laysan
Family
Chaetodontidae
Genus
Forcipiger
Species
Forcipiger flavissimus
longnose butterflyfish
Species
Forcipiger longirostris
longnose butterflyfish
Genus
Chaetodon
Species
Chaetodon multicinctus
pebbled butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon fremblii
bluestriped butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon miliaris
crochet butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus
fourspot butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon unimaculatus
onespot coralfish
Species
Chaetodon ornatissimus
Genus
Heniochus
Species
Heniochus diphreutes
Family
Pomacanthidae
Genus
Centropyge
Species
Centropyge potteri
potter's angelfish
Family
Pomacentridae
Genus
Dascyllus
Species
Dascyllus albisella
spot dascyllus
Genus
Plectroglyphidodon
Species
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis
stop-start damsel
Species
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus
Genus
Chromis
Species
Chromis vanderbilti (= Pycnochromis vanderbilti, syn.)
Species
Chromis ovalis (= Chromis velox, syn.)
Species
Chromis hanui
Species
Chromis agilis
rusty chromis
Species
Chromis verater
Genus
Stegastes
Species
Stegastes fasciolatus
Genus
Abudefduf
Species
Abudefduf abdominalis
banded damselfish
Family
Cirrhitidae
Genus
Paracirrhites=Paracirrhitus (originator data)
Species
Paracirrhites arcatus
whitelined hawkfish
Species
Paracirrhites forsteri
blacksided hawkfish
Genus
Cirrhitops
Species
Cirrhitops fasciatus
Genus
Cirrhitus
Species
Cirrhitus pinnulatus
redspotted hawkfish, oopukai
Family
Labridae
Genus
Labroides
Species
Labroides phthirophagus
Genus
Bodianus
Species
Bodianus bilunulatus
a'awa
Genus
Cheilinus
Species
Cheilinus rhodochrous
ringtail maori wrasse
Species
Cheilinus bimaculatus
ragged-tail wrasse
Genus
Pseudocheilinus
Species
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia
Species
Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia
Genus
Thalassoma
Species
Thalassoma duperreyi
saddle wrasse
Species
Thalassoma ballieui
gray wrasse
Genus
Gomphosus
Species
Gomphosus varius
birdfish
Genus
Coris
Species
Coris venusta
Species
Coris gaimardi (= Julis gaimard, Coris greenovii, syn.)
Genus
Pseudojuloides
Species
Pseudojuloides cerasinus (= Leptojulis cerasinus, syn.)
Genus
Stethojulis
Species
Stethojulis balteata
omaka
Genus
Macropharyngodon
Species
Macropharyngodon geoffroyi (= Julis geoffroy, syn.)
Genus
Anampses
Species
Anampses chrysocephalus
Species
Anampses cuvieri
opule
Genus
Cheilio
Species
Cheilio inermis
cigar wrasse
Genus
Halichoeres
Species
Halichoeres ornatissimus
Genus
Novaculichthys
Species
Novaculichthys taeniourus (= Labrus taeniourus, syn.)
clown wrasse, rockmover
Family
Scaridae
Genus
Calotomus
Species
Calotomus carolinus
stareyed parrotfish
Genus
Scarus
Species
Scarus sordidus
uhu
Species
Scarus psittacus
palenose parrotfish
Species
Scarus perspicillatus
Species
Scarus rubroviolaceus
Family
Blenniidae
Genus
Exallias
Species
Exallias brevis
leopard roadskipper, pao'o kauila
Genus
Cirripectes = Cirripectus sp. (ITIS)
Genus
Cirripectes variolosus = Cirripectus variolosus (ITIS)
collared blenny
Genus
Plagiotremus
Species
Plagiotremus ewaensis
Family
Acanthuridae
Genus
Acanthurus
Species
Acanthurus nigrofuscus
Species
Acanthurus nigroris
Species
Acanthurus olivaceus
orangespot tang
Species
Acanthurus dussumieri
Species
Acanthurus mata
tailring surgeon
Species
Acanthurus thompsoni
Species
Acanthurus triostegus
convictfish
Species
Acanthurus achilles
redspot tang
Genus
Zebrasoma
Species
Zebrasoma flavescens
yellow tang
Genus
Naso
Species
Naso brevirostris (= Naseus brevirostris, syn.)
shortnosed unicornfish
Species
Naso hexacanthus (= Callicanthus metoposophron, Priodon hexacanthus, syn.)
kala
Species
Naso lituratus (= Acanthurus lituratus, syn.)
Species
Naso unicornis
brown unicornfish
Family
Zanclidae
Genus
Zanclus
Species
Zanclus cornutus (= Zanclus canescens, syn.)
Family
Lutjanidae
Genus
Alphareus
Species
Alphareus furcatus
Genus
Aprion
Species
Aprion virescens
blue-gray snapper, green jobfish
Family
Lethrinidae
Genus
Monotaxis
Species
Monotaxis grandoculis
roundtoothed large-eyed bream, bigeye barenose, humpnose big-eye bream
Family
Mullidae
Genus
Parupeneus
Species
Parupeneus bifasciatus
Species
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Species
Parupeneus pleurostigma
Species
Parupeneus multifasciatus
Genus
Mulloidichthys (= Mulloides in originator data)
Species
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (= Mulloides vanicolensis, syn.)
vanikolo goatfish
Species
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (= Mulloides flavolineatus, syn.)
yellowstripe goatfish
Family
Scombridae (Thunnidae in originator data)
Genus
Thunnus
Species
Thunnus albacares
yellowfin tuna
Family
Gobiidae
Genus
Gnatholepis
Species
Gnatholepis anjerensis
Genus
Psilogobius
Species
Psilogobius mainlandi
Genus
Ptereleotris
Species
Ptereleotris heteroptera
indigo hover goby
Order
Tetraodontiformes
Family
Balistidae
Genus
Melichthys
Species
Melichthys niger
black durgon
Species
Melichthys vidua
pinktail triggerfish, humhumu hiukoli
Genus
Sufflamen
Species
Sufflamen bursa (= Balistes bursa)
bridle triggerfish
Species
Sufflamen frenatus (= Balistes frenatus, Sufflamen capistratus, syn.)
Genus
Rhinecanthus
Species
Rhinecanthus aculeatus
striped triggerfish, picasso fish
Species
Rhinecanthus rectangulus (= Balistes rectangulus, Balistapus rectangulus, syn.)
Family
Monacanthidae
Genus
Pervagor (in family Balistidae in ITIS)
Species
Pervagor spilosoma
Species
Pervagor melanocephalus
Genus
Cantherhines
Species
Cantherhines dumerili
whitespotted filefish
Species
Cantherhines sandwichiensis
Family
Ostraciidae
Genus
Ostracion
Species
Ostracion meleagris
pahu
Species
Ostracion fornasini (= Lactoria fornasini, syn.)
shortspined cowfish
Species
Ostracion whitleyi (= Ostracion ornatus, syn.)
Family
Canthigasteridae
Genus
Canthigaster (ITIS places in Tetraodontidae)
Species
Canthigaster jactator
whitespotted toby
Species
Canthigaster coronata
Species
Canthigaster rivulata
Species
Canthigaster cinctus
foursaddle puffer
Family
Tetraodontidae
Genus
Arothron
Species
Arothron hispidus (= Tetraodon hispidus, syn.)
poison puffer
Genus
Diodon (ITIS places in Diodontidae)
Species
Diodon holocanthus
ballonfish
Order
Aulopiformes
Family
Synodontidae
Genus
Saurida
Species
Saurida variegatus
Order
Scorpaeniformes
Family
Scorpaenidae
Genus
Scorpaenopsis
Species
Scorpaenopsis cacopsis
hohu 'omakaha
Species
Scorpaenopsis diabolus
Genus
Taenianotus
Species
Taenianotus triacanthus
Order
Pleuronectiformes
Family
Bothidae
Genus
Bothus
Species
Bothus pantherinus
panther flounder
Class
Ascidiacea
Order
Stolidobranchia
Family
Styelidae
Genus
Botryllus
Species
Botryllus sp.
Phylum
Cnidaria
Class
Anthozoa
Order
Scleractinia
Family
Poritidae
Genus
Porites
Species
Porites evermanni
Species
Porites lobata
Species
Porites compressa
Family
Pocilloporidae
Genus
Pocillopora
Species
Pocillopora meandrina
Species
Pocillopora eydouxi
Family
Agariciidae
Genus
Pavona
Species
Pavona varians
Species
Pavona duerdeni
Family
Fungiidae
Genus
Fungia
Species
Fungia scutaria
Family
Acroporidae
Genus
Montipora
Species
Montipora verrucosa
Species
Montipora flabellata
Species
Montipora patula
Species
Montipora verrilli
Family
Faviidae
Genus
Cyphastrea
Species
Cyphastrea ocellina
Genus
Leptastrea
Species
Leptastrea purpurea
Family
Siderastreidae
Genus
Psammocora
Species
Psammocora stellata
Order
Alyconacea
Family
Xenidae
Genus
Anthelia
Species
Anthelia edmondsoni
soft coral
Order
Zoanthidea
Family
Zoanthidae
Genus
Palythoa
Species
Palythoa tuberculosa
Species
Palythoa edmondsoni
Class
Hydrozoa
Order
Hydroida
Family
Halocordylidae
Genus
Halocordyle
Species
Halocordyle disticha
feathered hydroid
Phylum
Porifera
Class
Demospongiae
Order
Hadromerida
Family
Spirastrellidae
Genus
Spirastrella
Species
Spirastrella coccinea
Order
Poecilosclerida
Family
Myxillidae
Genus
Tedania
Species
Tedania ignis
Family
Clathriidae
Genus
Microciona
Species
Microciona maunaloa
Order
Carnosa
Family
Chondrosiidae
Genus
Chondrosia
Species
Chondrosia chucalla
Family
Plakinidae
Genus
Plakortis
Species
Plakortis simplex
Phylum
Annelida
Class
Polychaeta
Order
Canalipalpata
Family
Serpulidae
Genus
Spirobranchus
Species
Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus
Genus
Vermiliopsis
Species
Vermiliopsis sp.
Family
Sabellidae
Genus
Sabellastarte
Species
Sabellastarte sanctijosephi
Family
Terebellidae
Genus
Loimia
Species
Loimia medusa
Genus
Thelepus
Species
Thelepus setosus
Phylum
Mollusca
Class
Gastropoda
Order
Neogastropoda
Family
Conidae
Genus
Conus
Species
Conus imperialis
Species
Conus miles
Species
Conus lividus
Species
Conus marmoratus
Family
Mitridae
Genus
Mitra
Species
Mitra papalis
Order
Caenogastropoda
Family
Muricidae
Genus
Drupa
Species
Drupa speciosa
Species
Drupa morum
Order
Neotaenioglossa
Family
Cassidae
Genus
Cassis
Species
Cassis cornuta
Family
Ranellidae
Genus
Cymatium
Species
Cymatium pileare (= Cymatium prima, Dissentoma velei, syn.)
hairy triton
Family
Cypraeidae
Genus
Cypraea
Species
Cypraea helvola
Species
Cypraea isabella (= Cypraea isabellamexicana? In ITIS)
Species
Cypraea tigris
Order
Nudibranchia
sea slugs
Family
Phyllidiidae
Genus
Phyllidia
Species
Phyllidia varicosa
sea slug
Class
Cephalopoda
Order
Octopoda
Family
Octopodidae
Genus
Octopus
Species
Octopus cyanea
Class
Bivalvia
Order
Ostreoida
Family
Spondylidae
Genus
Spondylus
Species
Spondylus tenebrosus
Order
Mytiloida
Family
Mytilidae
Species
Lithophaga
Species
Lithophaga sp.
Order
Pterioida
Family
Pteriidae
Genus
Pinctada
Species
Pinctada margaritifera
Pacific pearl-oyster
Species
Pinctada marginifera
Family
Pinnidae
Genus
Streptopinna
Species
Streptopinna saccata
Phylum
Echinodermata
Class
Holothuroidea
Order
Aspidochirotida
Family
Holothuriidae
Genus
Holothuria
Species
Holothuria atra
lolly fish, sea cucumber
Class
Stelleroidea
Order
Valvatida
Family
Ophiodiasteridae
Genus
Linckia
Species
Linckia diplax
Species
Linckia multiflora
Family
Oreasteridae
Genus
Culcita
Species
Culcita novaeguinaea
Class
Echinoidea
Order
Echinoida
Family
Echinometridae
Genus
Echinostrephus
Species
Echinostrephus aciculatus
Genus
Echinometra
Species
Echinometra mathaei
Genus
Heterocentrotus
Species
Heterocentrotus mammillatus
slate-pencil urchin
Order
Temnopleuroida
Family
Toxopneustidae
Genus
Tripneustes
Species
Tripneustes gratilla
Genus
Pseudoboletia
Species
Pseudoboletia indiana
Order
Diadematoida
Family
Diadematidae
Genus
Echinothrix
Species
Echinothrix calamaris
Species
Echinothrix diadema
Phylum
Arthropoda
Genus
Aniculus
Species
Aniculus strigatus
Class
Malacostraca
Order
Decapoda
Family
Diogenidae
Genus
Calcinus
Species
Calcinus herbstii
Genus
Dardanus
Species
Dardanus deformis
Family
Portunidae
Genus
Charybdis
Species
Charybdis orientalis
Genus
Thalamita
Species
Thalamita edwardsi
Family
Palinuridae
Genus
Panulirus
Species
Panulirus marginatus
banded spiny lobster
Family
Stenopodidae
Genus
Stenopus
Species
Stenopus hispidus
banded coral shrimp
Order
Stomatopoda
Family
Gonodactylidae
Genus
Gonodactylus
Species
Gonodactylus falcatus
Phylum
Platyhelminthes
Class
Turbellaria
Order
Polycladida
Species
Polyclad sp.
Kingdom
Plantae
Division
Rhodophycota
Class
Rhodophyceae
Order
Cryptonemiales
Family
Corallinaceae
Genus
Corallina
Species
Corallina sp.
Genus
Porolithon
Species
Porolithon onkodes
Genus
Hydrolithon
Species
Hydrolithon reinboldii (= Lithophyllum reinboldii, syn.)
Genus
Jania
Species
Jania sp.
Family
Cryptonemiaceae
Genus
Desmia
Species
Desmia hornemanni
Family
information unavailable
Genus
Gibsmithsia
Species
Gibsmithsia hawaiiensis
Order
Ceramiales
Family
Rhodomelaceae
Genus
Amansia
Species
Amansia glomerata
Genus
Cladymenia
Species
Cladymenia pacifica (= Acanthophora pacifica, syn.)
Genus
Laurencia
Species
Laurencia nidifica
Species
Laurencia obtusa (= Fucus obtusus, syn.)
Genus
Polysiphonia
Species
Polysiphonia sp.
Family
Delesseriaceae
Genus
Martensia
Species
Martensia fragilis
Family
Ceramiaceae
Genus
Spyridia
Species
Spyridia filamentosa (= Fucus filamentosus, syn.)
Genus
Tolypiocladia
Species
Tolypiocladia glomerulata
Order
Nemaliales
Family
Bonnemaisoniaceae
Genus
Asparagopsis
Species
Asparagopsis taxiformis (= Fucus taxiformis, syn.)
Family
Helminthocladiaceae
Genus
Liagora
Species
Liagora maxima
Species
Liagora papenfussii
Species
Liagora tetrasporifera
Order
Gigartinales
Family
Gracilariaceae
Genus
Gracilaria
Species
Gracilaria coronopifolia
Class
Florideophyceae
Order
Rhodymeniales
Family
Rhodymeniaceae
Genus
Botryocladia
Species
Botryocladia skottsbergi
Division
Phaeophycophyta
Class
Phaeophyceae
Order
Dictyotales
Family
Dictyotaceae
Genus
Dictyota
Species
Dictyota divaricata
Order
Sphacelariales
Family
Sphacelariaceae
Genus
Sphacelaria
Species
Sphacelaria furcigera
Division
Chlorophycota
Class
Chlorophyceae
Order
Ulotrichales
Family
Ulvaceae
Genus
Enteromorpha
Species
Enteromorpha sp.
Order
Caulerpales
Family
Codiaceae
Genus
Halimeda
Species
Halimeda opuntia
Order
Siphonocladales
Family
Valoniaceae
Genus
Microdictyon
Species
Microdictyon japonicum
Order
Dasycladales
Family
Dasycladaceae
Genus
Neomeris
Species
Neomeris annulata
Kingdom
Monera
Phylum
Cyanophycota
blue-green algae
Class
Cyanophyceae
Order
Nostocales
Family
Oscillatoriaceae
Genus
Lyngbya
Species
Lyngbya majuscula
None
Dataset credit to originators required
Patrick Caldwell
NOAA/NODC/National Coastal Data Development Center
NOAA/NODC Hawaii/Pacific Liaison
mailing and physical address
JIMAR, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road
Honolulu
HI
96822
U.S.A.
808-956-4105
808-956-2352
Patrick.Caldwell@noaa.gov
8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday
call, write, e-mail, FAX, leave voice mail
Dr. Richard E. Brock, Dr. Roger S. Fujioka, and Dr. James E.T. Moncur
MS Word 97 documents; redundant text files
Data were subjected to simple nonparametric statistical procedures provided in the SAS Institute statistical package (SAS Institute Inc. 1985). Nonparametric methods were used to avoid meeting requirements of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance in the data. Data were analyzed using the the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance to discern statistically significant differences among ranked means for each transect site and sample period; this procedure is outlined by Siegel (1956) and Sokal and Rohlf (1981). The a posteriori Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-range test (SAS Institute Inc. 1985) was also used to elucidate differences between locations.
See originator data reports and methodology section of this metadata record.
Field
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > Photograph analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Linear transect
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > In situ biological
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring > Linear transect (line)
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Species diversity
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Population density
SAMPLING STATIONS:
Three stations were selected for the monitoring of benthic and fish community response to possible sewage impacts. The stations are close to some stations previously used by Dollar (1979). The stations and the rationale for their selection are given below:
Station A
(Kewalo Landfill)
Utilized as a control area. This station lies east of the present deep-ocean outfall in 17.0 to 18.2 m of water. Prevailing currents create a westerly movement of sewage effluent (Dollar 1979), thus the shallow Kewalo
Landfill area is probably not directly impacted. At this location, corals occur in areas of emergent limestone.
Immediate coverage over short linear distances may exceed 30%. This station is in the vicinity of Dollar's (1979)
station 2.
Station B
(Kalihi Channel)
Located about 120 m east of the Kalihi Entrance Channel in approximately 15.0 m of water. This station
is about 900 m west of the bypass (old) outfall in an area heavily impacted by the old (1955 to 1977)
shallow-water discharge and is very close to Dollar (1979) station 14. There is emergent limestone at this
station, but coral coverage is low (less than 1%).
Station C
(Reef Runway)
Located in an area of complex limestone substratum in water ranging from 7.5 to 12.0 m in depth fronting
Honolulu International Airport's Reef Runway. This station is located close to Brock's (1986) station that
was monitored quarterly in 1977-78 (AECOS, Inc. 1979) and again in 1986. It is close to Dollar's (1979)
station 19. This station was moderately impacted by the old shallow-water sewage outfall (Dollar 1979).
MATERIALS AND METHODS#
The quantitative sampling of macrofauna of marine communities presents a number of problems; many of these are related to the scale on which one wishes to quantitatively enumerate organism abundance. Marine communities in the waters fronting Sand Island may be spatially defined in a range on the order of a few hundred square centimeters (such as the community living in a Pocillopora meandrina coral head) to many hectares (such as areas which are covered by major biotopes). Because considerable interest focuses on visually dominant corals, diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates, and fishes, a sampling program was designed to delineate changes that may be occurring in communities at this scale.
At each station two transect lines were permanently established using metal stakes and plastic-coated no. 14 copper wire. The transects are 20 m in length and have an orientation that is perpendicular to shore. Two transects were established at each location to provide some replication. Both sample approximately the same benthic communities. On each transect are five permanently marked locations (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20
m) for the taking of photographs of the benthic communities. Cover estimates were also made in the field with a 1 m x 1 m quadrat placed at the -1 to 0 m, 4 to 5 m, 9 to 10 m, 14 to 15 m, and 19 to 20 m marks on the transect line in each survey.
Fish abundance and diversity are often related to small-scale topographical relief over short linear distances. A long transect may bisect a number of topographical features (e.g., coral mounds, sand flats, and algal beds), thus sampling more than one community and obscuring distinctive features of individual communities. To alleviate this problem, a short transect (20 m in length), which has proved to be adequate for sampling many Hawaii benthic communities (see Brock 1982; Brock and Norris 1989) is used. Information is collected at each transect location using methods including a visual assessment of fishes, benthic quadrats for cover estimates of sessile forms (e.g., algae, corals, and colonial invertebrates), and counts along the transect line for diurnally exposed motile macroinvertebrates. Fish censuses are conducted over a 20 m x 4 m corridor (the permanent transect line). All fishes within this area to the water's surface are counted. A single diver equipped with scuba, slate, and pencil enters the water, then counts and notes all fishes in the prescribed area (method modified from Brock 1954).
Besides counting the numbers of individuals of all fishes seen, the length of each is estimated for later use in the estimation of fish standing crop by linear regression techniques (Ricker 1975).
Species-specific regression coefficients have been developed over the last 30 years by the author and others at the University of Hawaii, Naval Undersea Center (see Evans 1974), and the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources using weight and body measurements of captured fishes; for many species the coefficients have been developed using sample sizes in excess of a hundred individuals. For the 1990 survey two weeks were allowed to elapse from the time of station selection and marking to the time of the first fish census to reduce the bias caused by wary fishes. The same individual (the author) performs all fish censuses to reduce bias.
Besides frightening wary fishes, other problems with the visual census technique include the underestimation of cryptic species such as moray eels (family Muraenidae) and nocturnal species such as squirrelfishes (family Holocentridae) and bigeyes or oaweoweo (family Priacanthidae). This problem is compounded in areas of high
relief and coral coverage that afford numerous shelter sites. Species lists and abundance estimates are more accurate for areas of low relief, although some fishes with cryptic habits or protective coloration, such as scorpionfishes or nohu (family Scorpaenidae) and flatfishes (family Bothidae), might still be missed.
Another problem is the reduced effectiveness of the visual census technique in turbid water. This is compounded by the difficulty of counting fishes that move quickly or are very numerous. Additionally, bias related to the experience of the census taker should be considered in making comparisons between surveys. Despite these problems, the visual census technique is probably the most accurate, nondestructive assessment method currently available for counting diurnally active fishes (Brock 1982).
A number of methods are utilized to quantitatively assess benthic communities at each station, including the taking of photographs at locations marked for repeated sampling through time (each covering 0.67 m2) and the placing of 1 m x 1 m quadrats at marked locations for repeated measurements. Both the photographs and quadrats are used
to estimate coverage of corals and other sessile forms. Photographs, which provide a permanent record from which to estimate coverage, were used in the eight most recent surveys (1991 through 1998); the 1 m x 1 m quadrats were used for an in-the-field appraisal of coverage in all surveys. Cover estimates from photographs and quadrats are all recorded as percent cover. Diurnally exposed motile macroinvertebrates greater than 2 cm in some dimension are censused in the same 4 m x 20 m corridor used for the fish counts.
Macrothalloid algae encountered in the 1 m X 1 m quadrats or photographs were quantitatively recorded as percent cover. Emphasis was placed on those species that were visually dominant, and no attempt was made to quantitatively assess the multitude of microalgal species that constitute the algal turf so characteristic of many coral reef habitats.
As requested by permit agencies, divers made simple physical measurements at the three stations while in the field. Measurements of percent oxygen concentration and temperature were made with a YSI Model 57 Oxygen meter, salinity was taken with a hand-held refractometer, and water clarity was determined using a 12-inch secchi disk.
During fieldwork, an effort was made to note the presence of any green sea turtles
(a threatened species) and protected marine mammals within or near the study sites.
#INSTRUMENT TYPES:
-SCUBA
-Visual census
-Photography
-Percent oxygen concentration and temperature were made with a YSI Model 57 Oxygen meter,
salinity was taken with a hand-held refractometer, and water clarity was determined using
a 12-inch secchi disk.
See "Logical Consistency Report" and Methodology section
19981231
NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center
NODC User Services
not applicable
mailing and physical address
1315 East-West Highway, SSMC3, 4th Floor
Silver Spring
MD
20910
U.S.A.
301-713-3277 or 3280
301-713-3302
nodc.services@noaa.gov
8:30 AM through 6:00 PM, Monday through Friday EST
Phone/e-mail/FAX/voice mail message
Downloadable Data
NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor
does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC
cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or
omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to
function on a particular system.
DOC
MS-Word 97
None
MS Word 97 documents (completed yearly reports and associated files); redundant text files
Uncompressed files
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0000177
NODC Data Direct functions through standard Internet browsers; FTP capability required; access "Data Direct" through the NODC website at www.nodc.noaa.gov; go to "year 2000" and select NODC Accession # 0000177
PC, Unix, Mac, standard Internet browser, FTP capability, MS-Word 97 or higher and/or compatible software suggested
None
Download through via NODC's "Data Direct" system at the NODC homepage at www.nodc.noaa.gov or contact NODC for custom order. (When requesting data from the NODC, the desired data set may be referred to by the 7-digit number given in the RESOURCE DESCRIPTION field of this metadata record)
Usually within 24 hours or less if downloaded via the Internet
Contact the NODC User Services Group via phone/FAX/E-mail: nodc.services@noaa.gov
MS-Word 97 or compatible software suggested
20010709
Unknown
Present
Unknown
20200329
20030131
Sheri Phillips
NOAA/NODC
Oceanographer
mailing and physical address
1315 East-West Highway, E/OC1, SSMC3, 4th Floor
Silver Spring
MD
20910
U.S.A.
301-713-3280 x127
301-713-3302
sheri.phillips@noaa.gov
9:30 AM - 6 PM Monday-Thursday
E-mail, phone, FAX, mail
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Local Time
None
Dataset credit to originators required
None
Unclassified
None
20040308045429
None
19901227
19980828
https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000177_sand_is_reef_community.html
159