Dr. Franklyn Tan Te
Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Dr. Paul Jokiel
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Dr. Evelyn F. Cox
Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology
Unpublished material
Sediment Processes on the Coral Reefs of Kahoolawe: A Rapid Field Assessment in 1993 (NODC Accession 0000883)
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/883
The nearshore coral ecosystems of Kahoolawe were rapidly assessed in 1993. Surveys were made of the coral coverage, fish communities, and sediment types from 19 locations. This data has been published in a technical report (Jokiel et. al,1995) and a PhD Dissertation (Te, 2000).
Assess the status of the coral ecosystems and the extent to which anthropogenic factors such as soil runoff has affected the marine environment.
NOAA Supplemental:Entry_ID: Unknown Sensor_Name: SCUBA, visual census Sensor_Name: PVC core samplers Sensor_Name: USA Standard Testing Sieve: A.S.T.M.E.-11 specifications with opening diameters of 500 um and 63 um) Project_Campaign: NOAA Cooperative Agreement # NA 270M0327 Originating_Center: Hawaii Institue of Marine Biology Storage_Medium: MS Word and ASCII Online_size: 1550 Kbytes
Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000883
19930322
0800
19930529
1500
ground condition
None Planned
-156.71
-156.53
20.60
20.51
NCEI Geoportal FilterCoRIS_Metadata
None
benthic
sediment
coral
coral reef ecosystem
fish
grain size of sediments
mineralogy of sediments
coral coverage
coral diversity
mean diameter of coral colonies
number of coral species
fish diversity
species richness
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Numeric Data Sets > Benthic
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Rapid Assessment Studies
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
002
oceans
014
environment
007
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Kahoolawe Island > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Kalawao > Kahoolawe Island (20N156W0001)
None
North Pacific
Hawaii
Kahoolawe
Kamo'hio (west side)
Wai Kahalulu (east)
Wai Kahalulu (west)
Keoneuli (Beck Cove)
Papakanui
Hakioawa (south)
Ku'heia (west)
Hana Kanaia (Smuggler's Cove)
Twin Sands (east)
Maka'alae
Ahupu (east)
O awa palua
Sailor's Hat
Honokoa (east)
Kaukamoku (east)
Kaukamoku (into beach)
Ahupu
east of Wa'aiki
Papakaiki
Black Rock
Lae Paki (east)
North Kanapou
Lae o Halona
O awa wahie
CoRIS Region
MHI
None
benthic
None
NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.
Dr. Evelyn Cox
Hawaii Institue of Marine Biology
Data manager and researcher
mailing address
PO Box 1346
Kaneohe
Hawaii
96744
USA
808-236-7440
fcox@hawaii.edu
NOAA Cooperative agreement # NA 270M0327 Hawaii Institute for Marine Biology Department of Zoology University of Hawaii
MS Word
see Lineage - Process Step
none
W. D. Bischoff
F. Bishop
F.T. Mackenzie
1993
Biogenically produced magnesium calcite in homogeneities in chemical and physical properties: Comparison with synthetic phases
Am. Mineral
68: 1183-1188
paper
1993
publication date
Bischoff and others, 1993
magnesium calcite properties
E. F. Cox
P. L. Jokiel
F. T. Te
F. Stanton
1993
Coral reefs of Kahoolawe, Hawaii I: Community structure of corals and reef fish
Final Report for the Cooperative agreement # NA 270M0327
paper
1993
publication date
Cox and others, 1993
Community structure of corals and reef fish
M. N. Dethier
E. S. Graham
S. Cohen
L. M. Tear
1993
Visual versus random-point percent cover estimations: 'objective' is not always better
Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.
96:93-100
paper
1993
publication date
Dethier and others, 1993
Visual versus random-point percent cover estimations
P. L. Jokiel
J. E. Maragos
L. Franzisket
1978
Coral growth: buoyant weight technique
D. R. Stoddart
R. E. Johannes
1978
Coral reefs: Research methods. UNESCO Monographs on Oceanographic Methodology
pp. 529-542
paper
1978
publication date
Jokiel and others, 1978
buoyant weight technique for coral growth
P. L. Jokiel
W. A. Tyler III
1992
Distribution of stony corals in Johnston Atoll lagoon
Proc. 7th Int. Coral Reef Symp.
2:683-692
paper
1992
publication date
Jokiel and Tyler, 1992
Distribution of stony corals
Y. Loya
1972
Community structure and species diversity of hermatypic corals at Eilat, Red Sea
Mar. Biol.
13:100-123
paper
1972
publication date
Loya, 1972
structure and species diversity
J. E. Maragos
P. L. Jokiel
1986
Reef corals of Johnston Atoll: one of the world's most isolated reefs
Coral Reefs
4:141-150
paper
1986
publication date
Maragos and Jokiel, 1986
Johnston Atoll Reef corals
J. E. Maragos
1977
Order Scleractinia
D. M. Devaney
L. G. Eldredge
1977
Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii. Section I: Protozoa through Ctenophora
Honolulu, Hawaii
Bishop Museum Press
B. P. Bishop Museum Special Publication 64
paper
1977
publication date
Maragos, 1977
Reef and shore fauna of Hawaii
J. McManus
1988
Grain size determination and interpretation
Oxford, England
Blackwell Scientific Publications
pp. 63-85
M. Tucker, ed
1988
Techniques in Sedimentology
paper
1988
publication date
McManus, 1988
Grain size determination and interpretation
J. W. Morse
F.T. Mackenzie
1990
Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonates
Amsterdam, Netherlands
Elsevier Science publishs
707 pages
paper
1990
publication date
Morse and Mackenzie, 1990
Geochemistry of Sedimentary Carbonate
C. L. Sabine
1991
Geochemistry of particulate and dissolved inorganic carbon in the central north Pacific
Honolulu, Hawaii
Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii
Ph.D. dissertation, 249 pages
paper
1991
publication date
Sabine, 1991
Geochemistry
SAS Institute, Inc
1988
SAS/STAT Users Guide
Cary, NC
SAS Institute
Release 6.03 edition
paper
1988
publication date
SAS Institute Inc., 1988.
SAS/STAT Users Guide
M. Sato
1985
Mortality and Growth of Juvenile Coral Pocillopora damicornis (Linnaeus)
Coral Reefs
4: 27-33
paper
1985
publication date
Sato, 1985
Mortality and Growth of Juvenile Coral
F. T. Te
2000
Responses of Hawaiian Scleractinian corals to different levels of terrestrial and carbonate sediment
Honolulu, Hawaii
Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii
Ph.D. dissertation
paper
2000
publication date
Te, 2000
Hawaiian Scleractinian coral response
Sediment Sample collection and preparation Bulk Samples. Sediments were collected at 19 sites around the island at the same siteswhere coral community composition was measured. When possible, sediment samples were collected from two depths (3m and 10m). A hand-held plastic scoop was used to collect samples in areas along the transect lines that had sediment accumulation. These transect lines were also used in the fish and coral surveys (Cox et al., 1993). About four scoops (roughly 40-100grams) of unconsolidated surface sediment were taken at each station and placed into plastic bags (Whirlpak brand). These plastic bags were then sealed and stored in wet condition for later analysis by wet sieving(McManus, 1988). Core Samples: Core samples were taken from 5 randomly chosen sites along the northerncoastline of Kahoolawe. Observations from the first site visit in March 1993, suggested that the northern coast was heavily sedimented and an in-depth investigation of sediment loads impacting these areas was undertaken. Core samples were obtained in replicates of two at 50 m intervals, starting at the water line on the beach and moving seaward through the central partof each bay. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) pipes of 18 mm in diameter and 300 mmlength were used as sampling devices at each station. The PVC core samplerswere manually pushed into the sediment and both ends capped tightly in the water before being brought up to the surface. All the core samples werekept frozen prior to analysis. A modified core extraction method was used due to the small diameterof the cores (18 mm). Briefly, the core samples were allowed to thaw and then extracted from the PVC samplers by opening the lower end cap first and then slowly opening the top cap. The sediment cores came out slowly from the tubes after the top cap was removed. In a few cases when the cores were too sticky, a small glass-tip plunger was used to slowly push air through the PVC sampler and extrude the remaining sediment core. The length of the extracted cores was then measured, and the number and size of layers per core were noted. The type, texture and the color ofeach layer per core were also noted. Sample analysis: Size Fraction Determination Sediment samples were wet sieved through standard brass sieves (USA Standard Testing Sieve: A.S.T.M.E.-11 specifications with opening diameters of 500 um and 63 um) and categorized into 3 sizefractions: silt (<63\264m), fine sand (>63 um but <500 um) and coarsesand (>500 um). The wet samples were individually shaken and manually mixed while still in the plastic bags. The homogeneous mixture was thensub sampled (range 30-60 grams) for sieving. The sub samples were washed through the 500-um sieve into the 63 um sieve with filtered fresh water. Washings were done with a hand-held wash bottle and all the washings through the 63-um sieve were collected onto a brass pan. The sediment fraction remaining on each sieve was then washed through pre-weighed filter paper(Whatman # 114) and air-dried for about a week. These filtered samples were then weighed and the total weight of the sample per station from each transect site was determined. The percent by weight of each fraction was then determined by calculating the ratio of the different size fractions to the total sample weight (McManus, 1988). Size fraction determinations were also performed on the core samples. Cores with noticeable stratigraphic layers were cross-sectioned atthe demarcation point and sub samples from each layer (ranging from 20-50 grams) were taken for wet sieving. Chemical Composition Determination: Mineral composition of the sediment samples was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) as described by Hardy and Tucker (1988).The analysis was performed by Mr. Clark Sherman of the University of Hawaii's School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST). Samples were ground up using a mortar and pestle and the powdered sediment was then placed on smear slides. These slides were then loaded into anautomatic sample loader and fed to the Scintag Pad V X-ray diffractometer connected to a solid-state Germanium (Ge) detector tuned to Copper (Cu)K radiation. Two runs per sample were performed. First, a general scanwas done to determine the overall mineralogy of the sediments. This run was performed with the machine set at a range of 2 deg 2f to 70 deg 2f witha rate of 5 deg 2f per minute. The second run was performed at a muchnarrower range of 22 deg 2f to 32 deg 2f with a rate of 1 deg 2fper minute to quantitatively determine the carbonate mineralogy of thesediments. Aragonites to calcite ratios were determined using the methods of Sabine (1991) and the mole % Magnesium (Mg) content of the calcite fraction was determined using the procedures established by Bischoff et al. (1983). The possible sources of calcite in each sample can be ascertained based on the mole % Mg content of the calcite fraction. Specifically, the mole % Mgis the amount of Mg atoms substituting the calcium (Ca) atoms at the Ca binding sites in the crystal structure of CaCO3. Calcareous organisms havedistinctive ratios of Mg to Ca substitutions in the calcite produced. Representative groups of organisms and their respective mole % Mg content were based on Table 5.2 of Morse and Mackenzie (1990). A subset of the total sediment samples collected from Kahoolawe was analyzedby x-ray diffraction. These samples were selected from sites that best represented the different and unique regions along the coast. Coral Reef Sampling Methods: At each site, visual inspections of the entire area by skin diving were first conducted. Stations for quantitative surveys were selected as areas with typical coral reef structure. Most sites included two stations, one at 10 m and one at 3 m depth. Coral cover was estimated in 5 contiguous 1 m2 quadrats haphazardly taken along a 25 m transectline at 3m and 10 m isobaths at each site (Jokiel and Maragos, 1978;Maragos and Jokiel, 1986; Jokiel and Tyler, 1992). One observer recorded visual estimates of percent cover of each species within the quadrat and notations of additional species observed outside of the sampled area were recorded. Species identifications were based on Maragos (1977).Visual estimates are more reproducible and more accurate than random-pointsampling for this type of rapid assessment work (Dethier et al., 1993).At several stations (Honokoa, Kaukamoku, Papakaiki, and Waaiki), data on the size distribution of small colonies located on vertical faces at the base of the reef structure were collected. At some sites, colony size was directly measured in bands 1 m by 0.5 m up from the bottom of the reef. At other sites, photographs of the quadrat frame were taken and subsequently analyzed. Colony sizes were estimated using the 10 cm gridof the quadrat frame for scale. An index of relative water motion and potential for impacts from major storm conditions was developed using summarized data on typical current patterns, wind speed records and wave patterns (EnvironmentalImpact Study Corp., 1979; University of Hawaii, Geography Department, 1983).Data Analysis: Coral community diversity was calculated using the modified (Loya, 1972) Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H?c = - ? pi ln pi) of the mean percent cover each species on the transect lines. Similarity of communities from the 33 sites sampled was assessed using a modified Sorensen Similarity index, after transformation of the data (angular transformation of percent data and square root transformation of average counts): Iab = ? 2Ma (Ma + Mb)-1;where Iab is the index for two sites (a and b) for each species(i = 1, 2, ...S); Ma is the lower cover or density for the ith species in the two site pair and Mb is the higher cover or density for that species. Cluster analysis was performed on the resulting matrix of similarity values using SAS procedures (SAS 1988).
Bischoff and others, 1983
Cox and others, 1993.
Dethier and others, 1993
Jokiel and others, 1978
Jokiel and others, 1992
Loya, 1972
Maragos and Jokiel, 1986
Maragos, 1977
McManus, 1988
Morse and Mackenzie, 1990
Sabine, 1991
Te, 2000
Unknown
Dr. Evelyn Cox
Hawaii Institue of Marine Biology
Data manager and researcher
mailing address
PO Box 1346
Kaneohe
Hawaii
96744
USA
808-236-7440
fcox@hawaii.edu
Files provided as MS WORD documents from references, see above : 1) Te, F.T ,2000 and 2) Cox et. al., 1995. Redundant copies of the MS WORD tables were placed in directory data/txt. Below, only the root name without the extention is given. List of files Contents - Table1_2 Sites visited on Kahoolawe during 1993. Data collected include quantitative coral (C) and fish (F) transects, bulksediment samples from transects (B), beach profiles (P),and core sediment samples from transects perpendicularto the beach (S). Table2_1 Grain size distribution of sediment samples from Kahoolawe. Sediment fractions are categorized as silt (< 63 um);fine sand (>63 um but < 500 um) and coarse sand (> 500 um). NA indicates no data. Table2_2 Grain size analysis of core samples from Kahoolawe. Size fractions are categorized as silt (< 63 um); fine sand(> 63 um but < 500 um) and coarse sand (> 500 um). Numbers after site name indicate area of sampling with 1 nearest beach and 5 farthest away. Letters indicate two layers(subsurface and surface) of cores. Table2_3 Mineralogy of Kahoolawe sediments using X-ray diffraction. X indicates presence while (*) indicates trace amounts. Table2_4 Possible sources of calcite found in Kahoolawe sediments using X-ray diffraction analysis based on mole % Mg content. Table2_5 Coral coverage (% of substratum), diversity, and number of species and fish diversity and species richness. Table2_7 Mean diameter of coral colonies at the bottom of reef structures at Honokoa, Kaukamoku, Papakaiki and Wa'aiki.
Cox, E.F., Jokiel, P.L. Te, F.T. and Stanton, F. 1993. Coral reefs of Kahoolawe, Hawaii I: Community structure of corals and reef fish. Final Report for the Cooperative agreement # NA 270M0327.
Te, F.T., 2000. Responses of Hawaiian Scleractinian corals to different levels of terrestrial and carbonate sediment. Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii. Honolulu, Hawaii.
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https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/883
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20200329
20081020
20060801
Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
mailing
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Dept. of Oceanography
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FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
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20081020064326
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19930322
19930529
https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000883.html
2320