CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Kingman Reef, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2008

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Title:
CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Kingman Reef, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2008
Abstract:
To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 21 March - 12 April 2008, reef fish assessment surveys were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0803 in the Pacific Remote Island Areas at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, 23 REA sites were surveyed at Kingman Reef in the Pacific Remote Island Areas. At the specific REA sites, fish biologists along with coral biologists, algal biologists and marine invertebrate zoologist entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of fish, corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats. Reef fish assessment surveys were focused on cataloging the diversity (species richness), abundance (numeric density [# fish 100 m-2] and biomass density [kg 100 m-2]) of diurnally active reef fish assemblages. Three complementary noninvasive underwater survey methods were used, including belt-transect, stationary point count, and roving-diver surveys. For all methods, fish were identified at the species level, when possible, and assigned to a size bin ranging from 1 to 200 cm based on a visual estimate of total fish length. Belt-transect (BLT) surveys were used to quantify the entire diurnal fish community (all size classes). In belt-transect surveys, two fish biologists swam side-by-side along three consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The BLT team swam each transect two times. During the initial swim-out, each fish diver recorded all fish larger than 20 cm observed within a 4-m wide belt perpendicular to their respective side of the transect (200 m2 area per line, 100 m2 per diver). On the return swim, each fish diver recorded all fish less than 20 cm observed within a 2-m wide belt (100 m2 area per line, 50 m2 per diver). The survey of large fish took approximately 5 min to complete while the survey of smaller fish took about 10 min to complete. All reef-associated fish, including those in the water column (including planktivores), were counted. Any coastal pelagic species (e.g., clupeids [sardines], belonids [beakfish], antherinids [silversides]) seen near the surface were not recorded. The stationary point count (SPC) method were used to quantify larger, more mobile reef fish species that can be missed on belt-transect surveys. In stationary point count survey, a fish biologist swam approximately 15 m away from a transect line concurrently being surveyed by the other two BLT fish biologists. The SPC biologist then recorded all fish greater than 25 cm in length that passed within a visually estimated 20-m diameter cylinder centered on the diver's fixed position (10-m radius, total area = 314 m2). The survey time for each stationary point count survey was 5 min and a total of four stationary point count surveys were conducted at each REA site. Roving-diver surveys were followed belt-transect and stationary point count surveys. As diver bottom time permitted, the fish assessment team conducted random swim surveys throughout the REA site area, recording, to the species level or the lowest recognizable taxon, the presence of reef fish not encountered during previous methods.
Supplemental_Information:
Maximum depth was 22 meters. Fish species observed: Year Region Island Species TaxonName 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACAC Acanthurus achilles 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACBL Acanthurus blochii 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACLI Acanthurus lineatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACMA Acanthurus maculiceps 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACMT Acanthurus mata 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNC Acanthurus nigricans 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNI Acanthurus nigricauda 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNF Acanthurus nigrofuscus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACNR Acanthurus nigroris 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACOL Acanthurus olivaceus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACPY Acanthurus pyroferus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACSP Acanthurus sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACTH Acanthurus thompsoni 2008 PRIAs Kingman ACTR Acanthurus triostegus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ALSC Aluterus scriptus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ANME Anampses melanurus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ANTW Anampses twistii 2008 PRIAs Kingman APFU Aphareus furca 2008 PRIAs Kingman APGR Apolemichthys griffisi 2008 PRIAs Kingman APXA Apolemichthys xanthopunctatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman AUCH Aulostomus chinensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman BAUN Balistapus undulatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman BOAX Bodianus axillaris 2008 PRIAs Kingman BOLO Bodianus loxozonus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CACE Caesio caerulaurea 2008 PRIAs Kingman CATE Caesio teres 2008 PRIAs Kingman CACA Calotomus carolinus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CADU Cantherhines dumerilii 2008 PRIAs Kingman CAAM Canthigaster amboinensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman JACK Carangidae sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman CAME Caranx melampygus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CAAB Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos 2008 PRIAs Kingman CEFL Centropyge flavissima 2008 PRIAs Kingman CELO Centropyge loricula 2008 PRIAs Kingman CEAR Cephalopholis argus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CEUR Cephalopholis urodeta 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHAU Chaetodon auriga 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHCI Chaetodon citrinellus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHEP Chaetodon ephippium 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHKL Chaetodon kleinii 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHLT Chaetodon lunulatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHME Chaetodon meyeri 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHOR Chaetodon ornatissimus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHPW Chaetodon pelewensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHPU Chaetodon punctatofasciatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHQU Chaetodon quadrimaculatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHRE Chaetodon reticulatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHTR Chaetodon trifascialis 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHUL Chaetodon ulietensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHUN Chaetodon unimaculatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHOX Cheilinus oxycephalus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHTL Cheilinus trilobatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHMC Chlorurus microrhinos 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHSO Chlorurus sordidus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHAC Chromis acares 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHAG Chromis agilis 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHLE Chromis lepidolepis 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHMA Chromis margaritifer 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHVA Chromis vanderbilti 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHXA Chromis xanthura 2008 PRIAs Kingman CIEX Cirrhilabrus exquisitus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CIOX Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CIFA Cirrhitops fasciatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CIVA Cirripectes vanderbilti 2008 PRIAs Kingman CIVR Cirripectes variolosus 2008 PRIAs Kingman COAY Coris aygula 2008 PRIAs Kingman COCE Coris centralis 2008 PRIAs Kingman COGA Coris gaimard 2008 PRIAs Kingman CTCY Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CTFL Ctenochaetus flavicauda 2008 PRIAs Kingman CTHA Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman CTMA Ctenochaetus marginatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CTSP Ctenochaetus sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman CTSR Ctenochaetus striatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman DAAR Dascyllus aruanus 2008 PRIAs Kingman DAAU Dascyllus auripinnis 2008 PRIAs Kingman DATR Dascyllus trimaculatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPIN Epibulus insidiator 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPFA Epinephelus fasciatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPHE Epinephelus hexagonatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPML Epinephelus melanostigma 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPME Epinephelus merra 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPPO Epinephelus polyphekadion 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPSL Epinephelus spilotoceps 2008 PRIAs Kingman EPTA Epinephelus tauvina 2008 PRIAs Kingman FICO Fistularia commersonii 2008 PRIAs Kingman FOFL Forcipiger flavissimus 2008 PRIAs Kingman GOVA Gomphosus varius 2008 PRIAs Kingman GYJA Gymnothorax javanicus 2008 PRIAs Kingman GYME Gymnothorax meleagris 2008 PRIAs Kingman HAHO Halichoeres hortulanus 2008 PRIAs Kingman HAME Halichoeres melasmapomus 2008 PRIAs Kingman HAOR Halichoeres ornatissimus 2008 PRIAs Kingman HEFA Hemigymnus fasciatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman HETH Hemitaurichthys thompsoni 2008 PRIAs Kingman HECR Heteropriacanthus cruentatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman CHUB Kyphosidae sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman LAUN Labrichthys unilineatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman WRAS Labridae sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman LABI Labroides bicolor 2008 PRIAs Kingman LADI Labroides dimidiatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman LARU Labroides rubrolabiatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman LAAU Labropsis australis 2008 PRIAs Kingman LAXA Labropsis xanthonota 2008 PRIAs Kingman LEXA Lethrinus xanthochilus 2008 PRIAs Kingman LUBO Lutjanus bohar 2008 PRIAs Kingman LUFU Lutjanus fulvus 2008 PRIAs Kingman LUGI Lutjanus gibbus 2008 PRIAs Kingman MAME Macropharyngodon meleagris 2008 PRIAs Kingman MABI Manta birostris 2008 PRIAs Kingman MENI Melichthys niger 2008 PRIAs Kingman MEVI Melichthys vidua 2008 PRIAs Kingman MOGR Monotaxis grandoculis 2008 PRIAs Kingman MUFL Mulloidichthys flavolineatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman MUMI Mulloidichthys mimicus 2008 PRIAs Kingman MUVA Mulloidichthys vanicolensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman MYAM Myripristis amaena 2008 PRIAs Kingman MYBE Myripristis berndti 2008 PRIAs Kingman MYKU Myripristis kuntee 2008 PRIAs Kingman NABR Naso brevirostris 2008 PRIAs Kingman NAHE Naso hexacanthus 2008 PRIAs Kingman NALI Naso lituratus 2008 PRIAs Kingman NAUN Naso unicornis 2008 PRIAs Kingman NAVL Naso vlamingii 2008 PRIAs Kingman NONE no individuals seen 2008 PRIAs Kingman NOTA Novaculichthys taeniourus 2008 PRIAs Kingman OSME Ostracion meleagris 2008 PRIAs Kingman OXDI Oxycheilinus digramma 2008 PRIAs Kingman OXUN Oxycheilinus unifasciatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PAAR Paracirrhites arcatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PAFO Paracirrhites forsteri 2008 PRIAs Kingman PAHE Paracirrhites hemistictus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PACY Parupeneus cyclostomus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PAIN Parupeneus insularis 2008 PRIAs Kingman PAMU Parupeneus multifasciatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PEOU Pempheris oualensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman PEMA Pervagor marginalis 2008 PRIAs Kingman SAND Pinguipedidae sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman PLTA Plagiotremus tapeinosoma 2008 PRIAs Kingman PLDI Plectroglyphidodon dickii 2008 PRIAs Kingman PLIM Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis 2008 PRIAs Kingman PLJO Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PLPH Plectroglyphidodon phoenixensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman POCO Pomacentrus coelestis 2008 PRIAs Kingman PSOL Pseudanthias olivaceus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PSEV Pseudocheilinus evanidus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PSHE Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 2008 PRIAs Kingman PSOC Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 2008 PRIAs Kingman PSYA Pseudocoris yamashiroi 2008 PRIAs Kingman PSMO Pseudodax moluccanus 2008 PRIAs Kingman PTEV Ptereleotris evides 2008 PRIAs Kingman PTHE Ptereleotris heteroptera 2008 PRIAs Kingman SADI Sargocentron diadema 2008 PRIAs Kingman SASP Sargocentron spiniferum 2008 PRIAs Kingman SATI Sargocentron tiere 2008 PRIAs Kingman PARR Scaridae sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman SCFR Scarus frenatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman SCPS Scarus psittacus 2008 PRIAs Kingman SCRU Scarus rubroviolaceus 2008 PRIAs Kingman SCSP Scarus sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman SCSI Scarus spinus 2008 PRIAs Kingman SCTR Scarus tricolor 2008 PRIAs Kingman STAU Stegastes aureus 2008 PRIAs Kingman STFA Stegastes fasciolatus 2008 PRIAs Kingman STBN Stethojulis bandanensis 2008 PRIAs Kingman SUBU Sufflamen bursa 2008 PRIAs Kingman SUCH Sufflamen chrysopterum 2008 PRIAs Kingman LIZA Synodontidae sp 2008 PRIAs Kingman THAM Thalassoma amblycephalum 2008 PRIAs Kingman THHA Thalassoma hardwicke 2008 PRIAs Kingman THLN Thalassoma lunare 2008 PRIAs Kingman THLU Thalassoma lutescens 2008 PRIAs Kingman THQU Thalassoma quinquevittatum 2008 PRIAs Kingman THTR Thalassoma trilobatum 2008 PRIAs Kingman TROB Triaenodon obesus 2008 PRIAs Kingman VALO Variola louti 2008 PRIAs Kingman ZACO Zanclus cornutus 2008 PRIAs Kingman ZERO Zebrasoma rostratum 2008 PRIAs Kingman ZESC Zebrasoma scopas
  1. How might this data set be cited?
    Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 20100413, CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Kingman Reef, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2008.

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.518212
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.323318
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 6.472618
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 6.360557
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: 04-Apr-2008
    Ending_Date: 07-Apr-2008Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
    Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      Horizontal positions are specified in geographic coordinates, that is, latitude and longitude. Latitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Longitudes are given to the nearest 0.0001. Latitude and longitude values are specified in Decimal Degrees. The horizontal datum used is World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84).
      The ellipsoid used is Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80).
      The semi-major axis of the ellipsoid used is 6378137.
      The flattening of the ellipsoid used is 1/298.2572236.
      Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
      Depth_System_Definition:
      Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
      Depth_Resolution: 1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit Depth Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    "Marc Nadon, Robert Schroeder, Kevin O'Brien, Paula Ayotte", Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
    Attn: Ivor Williams
    NOAA IRC
    Honolulu, HI
    USA

    808 725-5360 (voice)
    808 725-5429 (FAX)
    nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
    Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Why was the data set created?

Part of a long-term monitoring program at biennial intervals which documents the state of the reefs.

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    REA surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral, algae, other macroinvertebrate, and reef fish communities. The surveys were conducted using a combination of dive teams which generally included a two to three person fish team, a two person coral/coral disease team, and a combined team of two algae biologists and one macroinvertebrate biologist. The majority of REA surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes of individual islands at depths between 10 and 20 m. However, additional surveyed habitats included a lagoonal-type patch reef and offshore oceanic banks. During REA surveys, biological assessment teams follow highly structured protocols that are repeated at each REA site. Upon arrival at an REA site, three teams of divers enter the water over spaced time intervals. The fish team firstly enters the water and deploys a 25-m transect line. Two of the fish divers begin to survey along that transect while the remaining fish diver begins stationary point count assessments in the general vicinity. After approximately 20 min, the coral team enters the water and begins to work along the first transect line. By this time the fish team has deployed and begun surveys along a second 25-m transect. About 10 min later, the algal/invertebrate team enters the water and begins surveying the first transect. In total, the fish team surveys three transects at each site (transects 1, 2, and 3), and the coral and algal/invertebrate teams survey transects 1 and 2. The sampling effort takes between 60 and 80 min to complete. The selection of REA sites was made in close consultation with Coral Reef Advisory Group (CRAG) and local agencies. Factors considered during REA site selection included: (1) ensuring a range of sample sites representative of the benthic and reef fish habitats around each island; (2) selecting a mixture of sites within and outside of marine protected areas; (3) selecting a mixture of both 'impacted' and 'least impacted' sites; (4) selecting some sites adjacent to local villages, and (5) selecting a number of sites that could be compared to and complement previous assessment and monitoring work as well as future coral reef monitoring proposed by CRAG and local agencies. It is important to note that access to REA sites can be limited by wave exposure, weather conditions, and other environmental factors such as currents, which can affect the ability to resurvey sites between years. Transect placement was guided by: (1) a focus on hard-bottom communities; (2) deploying lines along an isobath to the extent possible at each site, and (3) laying the transect lines into the prevailing current.
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
    Observations at each site were made by three divers who are experts in fish taxonomy. The team of three REA fish divers rotated roles with two divers performing belt-transect surveys and one diver performing stationary point counts at each survey site. Observations were periodically checked during the expedition for consistency between divers, and little discrepancy was ever noted between divers. It should be noted, however, that this data set is quite large, and probably includes typographical or other errors that might be discovered at a future date.
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
    GPS unit
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
    Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The survey sites were selected to be representative of the coral reef habitats at this reef system. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded the team from surveying windward or exposed sites.
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    The same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location, and were conducted by the same scientists. Periodic examination of the data through the duration of the trip showed no signs of diver bias or other discrepancies.

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: Data are available two years following data collection date.
Use_Constraints:
Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
  1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
    Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
    Attn: CRED Data Management Team
    NOAA IRC
    Honolulu, HI
    USA

    808 725-5360 (voice)
    808 725-5429 (FAX)
    nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
    Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Offline Data
  3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
    While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
  4. How can I download or order the data?
  5. Is there some other way to get the data?
    Contact CRED data management team for information
  6. What hardware or software do I need in order to use the data set?
    Contact CRED data management team for information

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 26-May-2019
Last Reviewed: 14-Sep-2009
Metadata author:
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
NOAA IRC
Honolulu, HI
USA

808 725-5360 (voice)
808 725-5429 (FAX)
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
Metadata standard:
the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)
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