2000 Hawaii State-wide and 2000-2002 Kaneohe Bay, Oahu Marine Alien and/or Invasive Algae Species Surveys (NODC Accession 0001007)

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Dr. Cynthia Hunter, Waikiki Aquarium, principal investigator, Ms. Jennifer E. Smith, University of Hawaii, Dr. Isabella Abbott, Botany Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Dr. Celia Smith, Botany Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Dr. Ernst Reese, Zoology Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Dr. John Stimson, Zoology Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Dr. Clifford Morden, Zoology Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Mr. Ryan Okano, graduate student, Univ. of Hawaii, Randall Kosaki, graduate student, Univ. of Hawaii, and Eric Conklin, graduate student, Univ. of Hawaii, Unpublished material, 2000 Hawaii State-wide and 2000-2002 Kaneohe Bay, Oahu Marine Alien and/or Invasive Algae Species Surveys (NODC Accession 0001007).

   Online Links:

   • https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1007

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -159.75

   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -154.82

   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 22.22

   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 19.50

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 04-Feb-2000

   Beginning_Time: 0800

   Ending_Date: 24-Jan-2002

   Ending_Time: 1700

   Currentness_Reference: ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   Files: contentssummary_allalienstate_kaneohe2000_2002.xls* Original Excel filesummary_allalienstate_kaneohe2000_2002_abrev.csv* CSV dump Abbreviationssummary_allalienstate_kaneohe2000_2002_kbay_data.csv* Kaneohe Bay Datasummary_allalienstate_kaneohe2000_2002_kbay_info.csv* Kaneohe Bay metadatasummary_allalienstate_kaneohe2000_2002_statewide.csv* Statewide Data/metadatatable1.txt List of known alien speciesreferences.txt Pertinent literatureMS Excel spreadsheet with self-explanatory columns.

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Dr. Cynthia Hunter, Waikiki Aquarium, principal investigator
   • Ms. Jennifer E. Smith, University of Hawaii
   • Dr. Isabella Abbott, Botany Dept., Univ. of Hawaii
   • Dr. Celia Smith, Botany Dept., Univ. of Hawaii
   • Dr. Ernst Reese, Zoology Dept., Univ. of Hawaii
   • Dr. John Stimson, Zoology Dept., Univ. of Hawaii
   • Dr. Clifford Morden, Zoology Dept., Univ. of Hawaii
   • Mr. Ryan Okano, graduate student, Univ. of Hawaii
   • Randall Kosaki, graduate student, Univ. of Hawaii
   • Eric Conklin, graduate student, Univ. of Hawaii
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Dr. Cynthia Hunter

   Waikiki Aquarium

   Principle Investigator

   2777 Kalakaua Avenue

   Honolulu, Hawaii
   

   USA

   (808) 923-9741 (voice)

   Cindyh@hawaii.edu

Why was the data set created?

Document the present distribution and relative abundance of alien and/or invasive algae throughout the main Hawaiian Islands, within and outside of fisheries management areas, including Fish Replenishment Areas (FRAs).

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?

   Bellan-Santini and others (1996) (source 1 of 38)

   Bellan-Santini, D., Arnaud, P. M., Bellan, G., and Verlaque, M., 1996, The influence of the introduced tropical alga, Caulerpa taxifolia on the biodiversity of the Mediterranean marine biota: J Mar Biol Ass U.K. 76:235-237.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: introduced alga study

   Bolser and M.E. Hay. (1996) (source 2 of 38)

   Bolser, R. C., and Hay., M. E., 1996, Are tropical plants better defended? Palatability and defenses of temperate vs. tropical seaweeds: Ecology 77(8): 2269-2286.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: tropical plant study

   Borowitzka (1981) (source 3 of 38)

   Borowitzka, M. A., 1981, Algae and grazing in coral reef ecosystems: Endeavour 5(3): 99-106..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: alga study

   Brostoff (1989) (source 4 of 38)

   Brostoff, W., 1989, Avrainvillea amadelpha (Codiales, Chlorophyta) from Oahu Hawaii: Pac Sci 43:166-9.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Avrainvillea amadelpha

   Carlton (1985) (source 5 of 38)

   Carlton, J. T., and Scanlon, J. A., 1985, Progression and dispersal of an introduced alga: Codium fragile on the Atlantic coast of North America: Botany Mar 28: 155-165.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: alga study

   Choat (1991) (source 6 of 38)

   Choat, J. H., 1991, The biology of herbivorous fishes on coral reefs:.

   This is part of the following larger work.

   P.F. Sale, ed., 1991, The Ecology of Fishes on Coral Reefs: Academic Press, San Diego.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: herbiverous fish study

   Doty (1961) (source 7 of 38)

   Doty, M. S., 1961, Acanthophora, a possible invader of the marine flora of Hawaii: Pac Sci 15:547-52.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Acanthophora study

   Duffy (1990) (source 8 of 38)

   Duffy, J. E., and Hay, M.E., 1990, Seaweed adaptations to herbivory: Bioscience 40(5): 368-375..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: seaweed study

   Ferrer and others (1997) (source 9 of 38)

   Ferrer, E., Garreta, A.G., and Ribera, M. A, 1997, Effect of Caulerpa taxifolia on the productivity of two Mediterranian macrophytes: Mar Ecol Prog Ser 149: 279-287..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Caulerpa taxifolia study

   Hannisak (1980) (source 10 of 38)

   Hannisak, M. D., 1980, Codium: An invading seaweed: Maritimes 24:10-11..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Codium study

   Hatcher (1983) (source 11 of 38)

   Hatcher, B. G., and A. W. D. Larkum, 1983, An experimental analysis of the factors controlling the standing crop of the epilithic algal community on a coral reef: J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 69: 61-84.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: algal community study

   Hay and Q.E. Kappel (1994) (source 12 of 38)

   Hay, M. E., Kappel, Q. E., and Fenical, W., 1994, Synergisms in plant defenses against herbivores: interactions of chemistry, calcification and plant quality: Ecology 75(6): 1714-1726.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: plant defense study

   Hay (1997) (source 13 of 38)

   Hay, M. E., 1997, Calcified seaweeds on coral reefs: complex defenses, trophic relationships, and value as habitats: Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 1: 713-718..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: calcified seaweed study

   Hixon (1980) (source 14 of 38)

   Hixon, M. A., 1980, Competitive interactions between California reef fishes of the genus: Ecology 61:918-931.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: reef fish study

   Hodgson (1994) (source 15 of 38)

   Hodgson, L. M., 1994, Maui algae project final report. Environmental planning office..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: alga study

   Hourigan (1986) (source 16 of 38)

   Hourigan, T. F., 1986, An experimental removal of a territorial pomacentrid: effects on the occurrence and behavior of competitors: Env. Biol. Fishes 15(3): 161-169..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: pomacentrid study

   Hunter (1995) (source 17 of 38)

   Hunter, C. L., and Evans, C. W., 1995, Coral Reefs in Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: Two centuries of western influence and two decades of data: Bull. Mar. Sci. 57(1):501-515.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef study

   Jones (1968) (source 18 of 38)

   Jones, R. S., 1968, Ecological relationships in Hawaiian and Johnston Island Acanthuridae (Surgeonfishes): Micronesica 4:309-361..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: ecological relationship study

   Larson (1980) (source 19 of 38)

   Larson, R. J., 1980, Competition, habitat selection, and the bathymetric segregation of two rockfish (Sebastes) species: Ecol. Monogr. 50:221-239..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: rockfish study

   Littler (1984) (source 20 of 38)

   Littler, M. M., and Littler, D. S., 1984, Models of tropical reef biogenesis: Prog Phycol Res 3:323-364..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: tropical reef models study

   Maragos and others (1996) (source 21 of 38)

   Maragos, J. E., Crosby, M. E., and McManus., J. W., 1996, Coral reefs and biodiversity: a critical and threatened relationship.: Oceanography 9(1): 83-99.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef biodiversity study

   McClannahan (1997) (source 22 of 38)

   McClannahan, T. R., 1997, Primary succession of coral reef algae: differing patterns on fished vs. unfished reefs: J Exp Mar Biol Ecol.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef algae study

   Meinesz and Vaugelas (1993) (source 23 of 38)

   Meinesz, A., Vaugelas, J. de, Hesse, B., and Mari, X., 1993, Spread of the introduced tropical green alga Caulerpa taxifolia in northern Mediterranean waters: J of App Phycol 5: 141-147.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: green alga study

   Paul (1997) (source 24 of 38)

   Paul, V. J., 1997, Secondary metabolites and calcium carbonate as defenses of calcareous algae on coral reefs: Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 1: 707-712..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: calcareous algae study

   Peyri (1999) (source 25 of 38)

   Peyri, Claude, 1999, A contribution to the biology of the convict surgeonfish of the Hawaiian Islands, Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis: Pac. Sci. 15:215-272..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: surgeonfish study

   Randall (1961) (source 26 of 38)

   Randall, J. S., 1961, A contribution to the biology of the convict surgeonfish of the Hawaiian Islands, Acanthurus triostegus sandvicensis: Pac. Sci. 15:215-272.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: surgeonfish study

   Ribera, 1995 (source 27 of 38)

   Ribera, M. A., 1995, Introduced marine plants, with special reference to macroalgae: mechanisms and impact: Prog Phycol Res 11:187-268..

   Type_of_Source_Media: 1995

   Source_Contribution: marine plant study

   Rodgers and Cox, In press (source 28 of 38)

   Rodgers, S. K., and Cox, E. F., Unknown, The distributions of the introduced rhodophytes Kappaphycus alvarezii, Kappaphycus striatum and Gracilaria salicornia in relation to various physical and biological factors in Kane?ohe Bay, Oahu, Hawaii.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: introduced rhodophytes study

   Russell, 1987 (source 29 of 38)

   Russell, D. J., 1987, Introductions and establishment of alien marine algae: Bull Mar Sci 42: 641-642.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: alien marine algae study

   Russell, 1992 (source 30 of 38)

   Russell, D. J., 1992, The ecological invasion of Hawaiian reefs by two marine red algae, Acanthophora spicifera and Hypnea musciformis, and their association with two native species, Laurencia nidifica and Hypnea cervicornis: ICES Mar Sci Symp 194:110-125..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef study

   Schenkman, 1989 (source 31 of 38)

   Schenkman, R. F., 1989, Hypnea musciformis: ecological influence on growth: J Phycol 25: 192-196.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Hypnea musciformis study

   Smith, 1998 (source 32 of 38)

   Smith, J. E., 1998, Determination for baseline conditions for introduced marine species in nearshore waters on the island of Kaho?olawe, Hawaii.: Bishop Museum Technical Report 14.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: marine species study

   Smith, S. 1981 (source 33 of 38)

   Smith, S. V., Kimmerer, W. J., Laws, E. A., Brock, R. E., and Walsh, T. W., 1981, Kaneohe sewage diversion experiment: perspectives onecosystem responses to nutritional perturbation: Pacific Sciences 35(4): 279-395..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: sewage diversion experiment

   Steneck, 1997 (source 34 of 38)

   Steneck, R. S., 1997, Crustose corallines, other algal functionalgroups, herbivores and sediments: complex interactions along reef productivity gradients: Proc 8th Int Coral Reef Sym 1: 695-700.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: Crustose corallines study

   Steven and Larkum, 1993 (source 35 of 38)

   Steven, A., and Larkum, A.W.D., 1993, ENCORE: The effects of nutrient enrichment on coral reefs: Search 24(8): 216-220..

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef nutrient study

   Stimson and others, 1996 (source 36 of 38)

   Stimson, J., Larned, S., and McDermid, K., 1996, Seasonal growth of the coral reef macroalga Dictyosphaeria cavernosa and the effectsof nutrient availability, temperature and herbivory on growth rate: J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 196: 53-77.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef growth study

   Tissot and Hallacher (source 37 of 38)

   Tissot, B. N., and Hallacher, L.E., Unknown, Coral reef monitoring in Hawai'i and the role of ecology in adaptive management strategies.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: coral reef monitoring study

   Trowbridge, 1995 (source 38 of 38)

   Trowbridge, C. D., 1995, The establishment of the green alga Codiumfragile on New Zealand rocky shores: current distribution and invertebrate grazers: J of Ecol 83:949-965.

   Type_of_Source_Media: paper

   Source_Contribution: green algae study

2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)

   Ecological Surveys of Alien Algae - The relevant species of algae that were addressed in this study are presented in file /data/table1.txt. Prior to conducting field surveys, the database at the Bishop Museum was accessed and searched in order to tabulate preexisting information from voucher specimens of these plants collected around the state. This provided an historical record and an essential starting point from which to monitor of the distribution and spread of these species. Baseline surveys were conducted at numerous sites around each island, including those identified as "hotspots" by the Department of Aquatic Resources, around the islands of Hawaii, Maui, Molokai, Oahu and Kauai. Alien and/or invasive algal abundance was ranked on a scale of 0 to 10(0=0% cover, 10=100% cover) and includes habitat type (e.g.. sand, lava bench, coral, rock, artificial substrate) and pertinent environmental correlates (e.g. depth, proximity to shore) at each site where invasive species are encountered. Sites where alien species presence have been documented in the past were resurveyed. Surveys were supported by photographic documentation and voucher specimens which were collected and deposited at the Bishop Museum for future reference. Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Ms. Jennifer E. Smith

   Botany Department University of Hawaii at Manoa

   graduate student

   3190 Maile Way, St. John 614

   Honolulu, Hawaii
   

   USA

   808-956-6947 (voice)

   jesmith@hawaii.edu

   Data sources used in this process:

   • Bellan-Santini and others, 1996
   • Bolser and Hay, 1996
   • Borowitzka, 1981
   • Brostoff, 1989
   • Carlton and Scanlon, 1985
   • Choat, 1991
   • Doty, 1961
   • Duffy and Hay, 1990
   • Ferrer and others, 1997
   • Hannisak, 1980
   • Hatcher and Larkum, 1983
   • Hay and others, 1994
   • Hay, 1997
   • Hixon, 1980
   • Hodgson, 1994
   • Hourigan, 1986
   • Hunter and Evans, 1995
   • Jones, 1968
   • Larson, 1980
   • Littler, 1984
   • Maragos and others, 1996
   • McClannahan, 1997
   • Meinesz and others, 1993
   • Paul, 1997
   • Peyri, 1999
   • Randall, 1961
   • Ribera, 1995
   • Rodgers and Cox, in press
   • Russell, 1987
   • Russell, 1992
   • Schenkman, 1989
   • Smith, J. E., 1998
   • Smith, J. E. In Prog.
   • Smith, and others, 1981
   • Steneck, R.S. 1997
   • Steven and Larkum, 1993
   • Stimson and McDermid, 1996
   • Tissot and Hallacher, In Progress
   • Trowbridge, C. D., 1995

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   the surveys were 100% complete
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   see Lineage - Process Step

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center

   Attn: Data Access Group, User Services Team

   SSMC-3 Fourth Floor

   Silver Spring, MD
   

   USA

   301-713-3277 (voice)

   301-713-3302 (FAX)

   services@nodc.noaa.gov

   Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	MS Excel and CSV ASCII
     Network links:	https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1007

   • Cost to order the data:
     Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data.

   • Special instructions:

     Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 29-Mar-2020
Last Reviewed: 17-Aug-2005
To be reviewed: 01-Sep-2006

Metadata author:

Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell

NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC

Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison

1000 Pope Road, MSB 316

Honolulu, Hawaii

USA

(808)-956-4105 (voice)

(808) 956-2352 (FAX)

caldwell@hawaii.edu

Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays

Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)