Sediment Dwelling Benthos as Indicator Species for Pollution Monitoring of Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, 1993-1994 (NODC Accession 9900121)

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What does this data set describe?

Title:
Sediment Dwelling Benthos as Indicator Species for Pollution Monitoring of Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, 1993-1994 (NODC Accession 9900121)
Abstract:
A multifaceted study of the sediment dwelling benthos was conducted in Mamala Bay to identify suitable species as indicators of sewage enrichment. There are five components to this study - 1) reproduction and life histories of potential indicator species, 2) seasonal abundance of each indicator species near the outfall and at the control site (Diamond Head) at 70m depth, 3) abundance and species richness of indicators and associated benthos at 6 sites and the control at 40m depth, 4) sediment grain size analyses at each site to characterize the infaunal habitat, 5) CHN and Nitrogen analyses from the study area to elucidate the role of sewage in the organic content of the sediments. Each component is presented as a separate section as methods and analyses differ for each. This same format is used for the appendices. Sediment samples (7.6cm diam x 5.0cm depth) were collected with a Van Veen grab from 40m and 70m stations. Live worms were removed from freshly collected sediment and cultured in the laboratory for developmental and life history information. Reproductive data was gathered for designated indicator species, (Neanthes arenaceodonta, Capitella capitata, Pionosyllis heterocirrata and Ophryotrocha sp. A). N. arenaceodonta was not successfully cultured as only two individuals were found. Progeny were obtained for the three others and Ophryotrocha sp. A was the most successful in culture. Seasonal abundance of indicators at the outfall (B3) and control site show that all indicator species are more abundant at B3, and in the summer months than at Diamond Head, or during winter months. P. heterocirrata is widely distributed throughout the year and Ophryotrocha sp. A was only found at the deep outfall site in any number. Community studies based on preserved samples collected in the same way from the 40m (S series) stations show abundant and species assemblages at all stations, including the control. Overall polychaete abundances are higher at 40m stations than near the outfall and exceeded the abundance estimates at the control. Species richness estimates show some site by site variation but all stations are specious and often exceed the control. Differences are seen between the dominant species groups at outfall and 40m far field stations. The more westerly sites had more tubicolous and particle feeding worms (sabellids and oweniids) than the stations closest to the outfall (substantiated by historical data base, biomonitoring program), and a different community was evident at east Mamala site S6 and the control. Grain size analyses show higher proportions of fine particles (clay and silt) at the westerly stations which receive input from Pearl Harbor and Keehi Lagoon. This may provide an explanation for the larger number of tubicolous worms which use fine particles for tube building. A larger proportion of coarse and fine sand were present in east Mamala sediments and may have partially determined the polychaete communities at those sites. There is not enough data for the CHN and N signature analyses to provide definitive results, but preliminary information does not implicate the outfall as a major source of nitrogen. Indicator worm abundance seems to be a better measure of food availability as their numbers are highest at the outfall stations (for 40m and 70m). Abundance of the indicator species, Ophryotrocha sp. A, at 70m is elevated at the outfall (B3) and can be attributed to food availability and other appropriate habitat characteristics. Neanthes arenaceodonta is not abundant enough to be a good indicator at 70m at this time, Pionosyllis heterocirrata is so widespread and numerous that it is not a good indicator of sewage enrichment. Capitella capitata is generally more abundant at 40m and only abundant at 70m in the summer, and may be a suitable indicator species. Sensitive species are also candidates for pollution indicators when they are rare or absent from an area. Euchone sp. B may be a sensitive species as it is abundant in near and far field stations, but not numerous near the outfall. Ophryotrocha sp. A seems to be the best benthic indicator and most promising for future Mamala Bay benthic studies. This species was absent, or virtually absent from outfield and control sites, but abundant at the outfall. Recommendations include adding the 40m stations to routine biomonitoring and improving the techniques to differentiate terrigenous and sewage derived sources of nitrogen.
Supplemental_Information:
Entry_ID Unknown Sensor_Name Van Veen grab (0.25 m2) Originating_Center University of Hawaii Storage_Medium: MS Excel and Word, ASCII Reference None Online_size: 500 kilobytes

Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 9900121

  1. How might this data set be cited?
    J.H. Bailey-Brock, University Of Hawaii, Department Of Zoology, Unknown, Sediment Dwelling Benthos as Indicator Species for Pollution Monitoring of Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii, 1993-1994 (NODC Accession 9900121).

    Online Links:

  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
    West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.93
    East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.84
    North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.30
    South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.27
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
    Beginning_Date: Nov-1993
    Ending_Date: Feb-1994
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
    1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
    2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:
    FILE FORMATS: Excel spreadsheets (*.XLS) and ascii dumps of each sheet of each file (text with space delimiters, *.PRN files). Note below for filenames, the _# is the sheet number in the XLS file

    #FILENAMES: BAP41DHS.XLS Taxa site DHS BAP41DHS_2.prn BAP41DHS_3.prn

    BAP41S1.XLS Taxa site S1 BAP41S1_2.prn BAP41S1_3.prn BAP41S1_4.prn

    BBAP41B3.XLS Taxa site B3 BBAP41B3_2.prn

    BBAP41DH.XLS Taxa site DH BBAP41DH_2.prn BBAP41DH_3.prn BBAP41DH_4.prn BBAP41DH_5.prn BBAP41DH_6.prn

    BBAP41S2.XLS Taxa site S2 BBAP41S2_2.prn BBAP41S2_3.prn BBAP41S2_4.prn

    BBAP41S3.XLS Taxa site S3 BBAP41S3_2.prn BBAP41S3_3.prn BBAP41S3_4.prn

    BBAP41S4.XLS Taxa site S4 BBAP41S4_2.prn BBAP41S4_3.prn BBAP41S4_4.prn

    BBAP41S5.XLS Taxa site S5 BBAP41S5_2.prn BBAP41S5_3.prn BBAP41S5_4.prn

    BBAP41S6.XLS Taxa site S6 BBAP41S6_2.prn BBAP41S6_3.prn BBAP41S6_4.prn

    BBAPP5.XLS Sediment grain size BBAPP5_1.prn

    BBAPP62.XLS Nitrogen BBAPP62.prn

    GPSCORDS.DOC GPS positions GPSCORDS.txt

    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: None

Who produced the data set?

  1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
    Mamala Bay Study MB-9 Department of Zoology University of Hawaii
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
    Dr. Julie H. Bailey-Brock
    Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii
    Principal Investigator
    2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson 152
    Honolulu, Hawaii
    USA

    808-956-6149 (voice)
    jbrock@hawaii.edu

Why was the data set created?

Study of sediment dwelling benthos as indicator species of water pollution from sewage outfall

How was the data set created?

  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
    Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)
    SAMPLING STATIONS:

    GPS coordinates (see file GPS_COORDS.XLS)

    SITE DATE Latitude Longitude Depth (deg,min,sec) (deg,min,sec) (m) DH1 Nov93 21 15 16.26 157 50 19.68 69.00 DH2 Nov93 21 15 16.92 157 50 21.18 75.50 DH3 Nov93 21 15 16.38 157 50 16.56 72.40 DH4 Nov93 21 15 19.56 157 50 19.20 66.60 DH5 Nov93 21 15 19.08 157 50 16.68 64.20

    B3_1 Nov93 21 16 48.36 157 54 31.74 70.50 B3_2 Nov93 21 16 47.94 157 54 29.46 73.90 B3_3 Nov93 21 16 48.06 157 54 31.20 74.50 B3_4 Nov93 21 16 47.46 157 54 30.30 74.90 B3_5 Nov93 21 16 50.76 157 54 32.34 65.10

    DH1 May94 21 15 38.46 157 50 7.68 88.00 DH2 May94 21 14 58.62 157 50 2.40 87.60 DH3 May94 21 14 58.98 157 49 55.74 84.86 DH4 May94 21 14 58.56 157 49 52.74 81.56 DH5 May94 21 14 52.68 157 49 0.00 98.94

    B3_1 May94 21 16 48.72 157 53 53.82 68.76 B3_2 May94 21 16 48.12 157 54 32.70 79.19 B3_3 May94 21 16 49.32 157 54 29.82 65.11 B3_4 May94 21 16 48.96 157 54 30.48 73.15 B3_5 May94 21 16 52.44 157 54 37.20 65.84

    S1_1 Feb94 21 17 29.00 157 55 37.00 37.67 S1_2 Feb94 21 17 29.00 157 55 36.00 38.04 S1_3 Feb94 21 17 28.00 157 55 36.00 38.95 S1_4 Feb94 21 17 29.00 157 55 36.00 37.86 S1_5 Feb94 21 17 30.00 157 55 36.00 36.58 S1_6 Feb94 21 17 29.00 157 55 39.00 37.86

    S2_1 Feb94 21 17 19.00 157 55 13.00 38.04 S2_2 Feb94 21 17 20.00 157 55 17.00 39.50 S2_3 Feb94 21 17 19.00 157 55 15.00 39.87 S2_4 Feb94 21 17 18.00 157 55 17.00 40.97 S2_5 Feb94 21 17 18.00 157 55 16.00 38.59 S2_6 Feb94 21 17 19.00 157 55 15.00 39.50

    S3_1 Feb94 21 17 3.00 157 54 37.00 40.97 S3_2 Feb94 21 17 3.00 157 54 36.00 39.69 S3_3 Feb94 21 17 4.00 157 54 36.00 39.87 S3_4 Feb94 21 17 3.00 157 54 38.00 38.95 S3_5 Feb94 21 17 4.00 157 54 37.00 39.32 S3_6 Feb94 21 17 2.00 157 54 67.00 38.95

    S4_1 Feb94 21 17 0.00 157 54 12.00 40.97 S4_2 Feb94 21 16 58.00 157 54 13.00 39.87 S4_3 Feb94 21 16 59.00 157 54 13.00 38.22 S4_4 Feb94 21 16 59.00 157 54 12.00 37.31 S4_5 Feb94 21 16 59.00 157 54 12.00 36.58 S4_6 Feb94 21 16 58.00 157 54 13.00 37.31

    S5_1 Feb94 21 17 2.00 157 53 53.00 43.89 S5_2 Feb94 21 17 3.00 157 53 52.00 42.06 S5_3 Feb94 21 17 0.00 157 53 54.00 54.86 S5_4 Feb94 21 16 54.00 157 53 53.00 54.86 S5_5 Feb94 21 16 54.00 157 53 54.00 54.86 S5_6 Feb94 21 16 54.00 157 53 55.00 54.86

    S6_1 Feb94 21 17 0.00 157 53 15.00 42.06 S6_2 Feb94 21 17 0.00 157 53 15.00 42.06 S6_3 Feb94 21 17 1.00 157 53 14.00 40.23 S6_4 Feb94 21 17 0.00 157 53 16.00 40.23 S6_5 Feb94 21 17 0.00 157 53 16.00 38.23 S6_6 Feb94 21 17 2.00 157 53 16.00 40.23

    DHS_1 Feb94 21 15 28.00 157 50 19.00 49.38 DHS_2 Feb94 21 15 27.00 157 50 16.00 49.38 DHS_3 Feb94 21 15 27.00 157 50 16.00 43.89 DHS_4 Feb94 21 15 27.00 157 50 16.00 43.89 DHS_5 Feb94 21 15 27.00 157 50 16.00 43.89 DHS_6 Feb94 21 15 27.00 157 50 16.00 43.89

    SAMPLING PERIODS: Sites DHS, S1-S6: Feb94 and Aug94 Sites DH and B3: Aug93, Nov93, Jan94, May94, Aug94

    METHODOLOGY

    Taxa: Field methods Sediments were collected from 40 m and 70 m stations with a 0.25 m2 Van Veen grab from vessels equipped with a winch and GPS. Sediments for live worm extraction were either placed in fresh sea water in plastic containers with lids and stored in a cooler, or in a large bucket with portable aerators. Samples were transported to the laboratory and aerated until they were sorted using a dissecting microscope.

    Laboratory methods Live worms were removed by manually sorting through small amounts of sediment while viewing with a dissecting microscope and pipetting worms to aerated containers for culture. This method was found to be the least destructive to the worms which could be damaged by sieving and elutriation. Worms were held in an air conditioned lab (water temp. 22.9oC) in small containers (petri dishes holding 30ml of filtered sea water) and larger containers, glass dishes with 100-200ml of sea water and one gallon aquaria. Sea water used for cultures was collected from Diamond Head and treated in a microwave to kill microorganisms (60sec per 100ml), or Millipore filtered water (0.2 micron) was obtained from the Kewalo Marine Laboratory (UH, PBRC). Worms were fed crushed Tetramin fish flakes and oven-dried, powdered Enteromorpha intestinalis (green alga).

    For more information, see /doc/report.doc

    Grain size: Methods of sediment separation and analysis followed are after Folk (1968) as well as Holme and McIntyre (1984).

    Nitrogen: A relatively new technique for carbonate sediments was used to recover the N values from sediments collected at S3 and DHS (40 m) and B3 and DH (70 m), and at 3 additional stations in Keehi Lagoon (10 m). The protocol was based on the method in Verardo et al. (1990) which involves acidifying the carbonate fraction with sulfurous acid and then combusting the remaining fraction. A mass spectrophotometer was used to read the N values of the two benthic species. Specimens were removed from archived samples originally fixed in formalin with Rose Bengal dye, subsequently stored in 70% ethanol and then processed.

    #INSTRUMENT TYPES: Van Veen grab (0.25 m2)

    #REFERENCES: Bailey-Brock, J.H., 1995. Definition of indicator species for pollution monitoring in Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii. Mamala Bay Study, Project MB-9. Mamala Bay Study Commission. 1996. Mamala Bay Study Final Report.

    Folk, R.L. 1968. Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Austin, Texas: Hemphills. 170 p.Gammerick, I. and O. Giere. 1994. Population dynamics and ecophysiology of Capitella capitata from North Sea intertidal flats: evidence for two sibling species. Polychaete Research 16:44-47.

    Holme, N.A. and A.D. McIntyre. 1984. Methods of the Study of Marine Benthos.387 pp. Blackwell Scientific Publishers.

    Verardo, D.J., Froelich, PnN., and McIntyre, A. Determination of organic carbon and nitrogen in marine sediments using the Carlo Erba NA-1500 Analyzer. Deep-Sea Research, Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 157-165, 1990. Person who carried out this activity:

    Dr. Julie H. Bailey-Brock
    Department of Zoology, University of Hawaii
    Principal Investigator
    2538 McCarthy Mall, Edmondson 152
    Honolulu, Hawaii
    USA

    808-956-6149 (voice)
    jbrock@hawaii.edu
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
    The surveys were 100% complete
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
    see Process Step

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Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
Access_Constraints: None
Use_Constraints: Dataset credit required
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    NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center
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Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:
Last modified: 06-Jan-2021
Last Reviewed: 13-Jan-2010
Metadata author:
Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell
NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC
Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison
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Honolulu, Hawaii
USA

(808)-956-4105 (voice)
(808) 956-2352 (FAX)
caldwell@hawaii.edu
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Metadata standard:
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