CRED REA Belt Surveys of Coral Population and Disease Assessments at Palmyra Atoll, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2010
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Metadata:
- Identification_Information:
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- Citation:
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- Citation_Information:
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- Originator:
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Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Publication_Date: 20120414
- Title:
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CRED REA Belt Surveys of Coral Population and Disease Assessments at Palmyra Atoll, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2010
- Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
- Online_Linkage:
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https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/ecosystems/coral-reefs-pacific
- Description:
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- Abstract:
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To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 7-13 April 2010, belt transect surveys of coral population and diseases quantitative assessments were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI1001 in the Pacific Remote Island Areas at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, there were 17 surveys in total conducted at REA sites around Palmyra Atoll in the Pacific Remote Island Areas.
At the specific REA sites, coral biologists along with algal biologists and marine invertebrate zoologist entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats.
As a part of REA surveys, the coral belt surveys were focused on quantifying the diversity, abundance, density, and size-class distribution of the anthozoan and hydrozoan corals as well as the condition and health state of the coral reef populations. The surveys were conducted along two consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The belt width was 1-m wide, 0.5-m on each side of the transect line.
Within each 25m transect, five 2.5-meter segments were surveyed (beginning at points: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 meters), whereby in each segment, all coral colonies whose center fell within 0.5m of either side of the transect line were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species) and two planar size metrics were collected: maximum diameter and diameter perpendicular to the maximum diameter. In addition, the extent of mortality, both recent and old, was estimated for each colony. Observers paid special attention to identifying as best as possible the extent of the former live colony.
When a coral colony exhibited signs of disease or compromised health, additional information was recorded including type of affliction (bleaching, skeletal growth anomaly, white syndrome, tissue loss other than white syndrome, trematodiasis, necrosis, other, pigmentation responses, algal overgrowth, and predation), severity of the affliction (mild, moderate, marked, severe, acute), as well as photographic documentation and sometimes tissue samples. Tissue samples were catalogued and fixed in buffered zinc-formalin solution for further histopathological analyses.
Raw survey data included species presence and relative abundance, colony counts per taxon, size (width and length), mortality, predation, and health status. A surveyed area was ranging from 10m2 to 25m2 per site.
- Purpose:
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Part of a long-term monitoring program at biennial intervals which documents the state of the reefs.
- Supplemental_Information:
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Maximum depth was 23 meters.
Corals genera and disease observed:
Year Region Island SPC_Code Species List
2010 PRIA Palmyra ACSP Acropora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra AHYA Acropora hyacinthus
2010 PRIA Palmyra ANOB Acropora nobilis
2010 PRIA Palmyra ASSP Astreopora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra AVAL Acropora valida
2010 PRIA Palmyra CLSP Cladiella sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra CYSP Cycloseris sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra DISS Distichopora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra FASP Favia sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra FAVS Favites sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra FSTE Favia stelligera
2010 PRIA Palmyra FUSP Fungia sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra GPLA Gardinoseris planulata
2010 PRIA Palmyra HERS Herpolitha sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra HEXE Hydnophora exesa
2010 PRIA Palmyra HMIC Hydnophora microconnos
2010 PRIA Palmyra HPIL Halomitra pileus
2010 PRIA Palmyra HYSP Hydnophora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra LEPT Leptastrea sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra LMYC Leptoseris myceteroides
2010 PRIA Palmyra LOBP Lobophytum sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra LOBS Lobophyllia sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra LPUR Leptastrea purpurea
2010 PRIA Palmyra MAEQ Montipora aequtibellata
2010 PRIA Palmyra MCAL Montipora caliculata
2010 PRIA Palmyra MCAP Montipora capitata
2010 PRIA Palmyra MCUR Montastrea curta
2010 PRIA Palmyra MFLA Montipora flabellata
2010 PRIA Palmyra MISP Millepora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra MONS Montastrea sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra MOSP Montipora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra MPAT Montipora patula
2010 PRIA Palmyra MPEL Montipora peltiformis
2010 PRIA Palmyra MTUB Montipora tuberculosa
2010 PRIA Palmyra MVER Montipora verilli
2010 PRIA Palmyra PACH Pachyclavularia sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra PASP Palythoa sp.
2010 PRIA Palmyra PAVS Pavona sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra PCLA Pavona clavus
2010 PRIA Palmyra PDAM Pocillopora damicornis
2010 PRIA Palmyra PDUE Pavona duerdeni
2010 PRIA Palmyra PEVE Porites evermanni
2010 PRIA Palmyra PEXP Pavona explanulata
2010 PRIA Palmyra PLDA Platygyra daedalea
2010 PRIA Palmyra PLOB Porites lobata
2010 PRIA Palmyra PLSP Platygyra sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra PMAL Pavona maldivensis
2010 PRIA Palmyra PMEA Pocillopora meandrina
2010 PRIA Palmyra PMIN Pavona minuta
2010 PRIA Palmyra POCS Pocillopora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra POSP Porites sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra PPIN Platygyra pini
2010 PRIA Palmyra PRSP Protopalythoa sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra PRUS Porites rus
2010 PRIA Palmyra PSSP Psammocora sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra PVAR Pavona varians
2010 PRIA Palmyra PVAU Porites vaughani
2010 PRIA Palmyra PVER Pocillopora verrucosa
2010 PRIA Palmyra RHSP Rhodactis sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra SARM Stylocoeniella armata
2010 PRIA Palmyra SARS Sarcophyton sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra SASP Sandalolitha sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra SISP Sinularia sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra SPIS Stylophora pistillata
2010 PRIA Palmyra STER Steroenepthya sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra STYL Stylaster sp
2010 PRIA Palmyra TREN Turbinaria reniformis
2010 PRIA Palmyra TUBA Tubastrea/Balanophyllia
- Time_Period_of_Content:
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- Time_Period_Information:
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- Range_of_Dates/Times:
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- Beginning_Date: 20100407
- Ending_Date: 20100413
- Currentness_Reference: Ground condition
- Status:
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- Progress: In Work
- Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: asNeeded
- Spatial_Domain:
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- Bounding_Coordinates:
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- West_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.188484
- East_Bounding_Coordinate: -161.975032
- North_Bounding_Coordinate: 5.916696
- South_Bounding_Coordinate: 5.848978
- Keywords:
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- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
- Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
- Theme_Keyword:
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Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the U.S. Pacific Islands and Atolls
- Theme_Keyword: 1221
- Theme_Keyword:
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Incidence and characterization of coral diseases in the U.S. Pacific Islands
- Theme_Keyword: 1841
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Theme_Keyword: Marine Ecosystem
- Theme_Keyword: Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP)
- Theme_Keyword: Rapid Ecoligical Assessments (REA)
- Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef
- Theme_Keyword: Coral
- Theme_Keyword: Pacific Remote Island Areas
- Theme_Keyword: Palmyra Atoll
- Theme_Keyword: HI1001
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
- Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology > Coral cover
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment
- Theme_Keyword:
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EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Rapid assessment studies
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
- Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology
- Theme:
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- Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
- Theme_Keyword: biota
- Theme_Keyword: 002
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Place_Keyword: Pacific Remote Island Areas
- Place_Keyword: Palmyra Atoll
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
- Place_Keyword: Line Islands
- Place_Keyword: Palmyra Atoll
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
- Place_Keyword:
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OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
- Place_Keyword:
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COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
- Place:
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- Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
- Place_Keyword: PRIA
- Access_Constraints: Data are available two years following data collection date.
- Use_Constraints:
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Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
- Point_of_Contact:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Organization_Primary:
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- Contact_Organization:
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Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Contact_Address:
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- Address_Type: mailing and physical address
- Address: NOAA IRC
- Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
- Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
- City: Honolulu
- State_or_Province: HI
- Postal_Code: 96818
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
- Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
- Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
- Data_Set_Credit:
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Kerry Grimshaw, Jason Heyler, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
- Security_Information:
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- Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
- Security_Classification: Unclassified
- Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable
- Native_Data_Set_Environment: Oracle
- Data_Quality_Information:
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- Attribute_Accuracy:
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- Attribute_Accuracy_Report:
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Observations were made by two divers who are experts in coral biology. The population parameter survey is conducted one time per site per survey year; it is not replicated.
- Logical_Consistency_Report:
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With the exception of the non-quantitative survey along the backreef, the same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location, and were conducted by the same scientists.
- Completeness_Report:
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The survey sites were selected to be representative of the dominant habitats at this reef system. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded the team from surveying windward or exposed sites.
- Positional_Accuracy:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: GPS unit
- Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
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- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1
- Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters
- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:
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- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge
- Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:
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- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.3
- Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters
- Lineage:
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- Process_Step:
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- Process_Description:
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REA surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral, algae, and other macroinvertebrate communities. The majority of REA surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes of individual islands at depths between 10 and 20 m. However, additional habitats including lagoonal-type patch reef and offshore oceanic banks were surveyed when they existed. During REA surveys, biological assessment teams follow highly structured protocols that are repeated at each REA site. Upon arrival at an REA site, divers entered the water and deployed two 25 m transect lines which are shared with coral surveys that gather community structure, diversity, recruitment, and health status data. The sampling effort takes between 60 and 80 min to complete. The selection of REA sites was made in close consultation with local agencies. Factors considered during REA site selection included: (1) ensuring a range of sample sites representative of the benthic and reef fish habitats around each island; (2) selecting a mixture of sites within and outside of marine protected areas; (3) selecting a mixture of both 'impacted' and 'least impacted' sites; (4) selecting some sites adjacent to local villages; and (5) selecting a number of sites that could be compared to and complement previous assessment and monitoring work as well as future coral reef monitoring proposed by local agencies. It is important to note that access to REA sites can be limited by wave exposure, weather conditions, and other environmental factors such as currents, which can affect the ability to re-survey sites between years. Transect placement was guided by: (1) a focus on hard-bottom communities; (2) deploying lines along an isobath to the extent possible at each site, and (3) laying the transect lines into the prevailing current.
- Process_Date: Unknown
- Spatial_Reference_Information:
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- Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition:
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- Geographic:
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- Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
- Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
- Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees
- Geodetic_Model:
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- Horizontal_Datum_Name: World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
- Ellipsoid_Name: Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80)
- Semi-major_Axis: 6378137
- Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.2572236
- Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition:
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- Depth_System_Definition:
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- Depth_Datum_Name: Local surface
- Depth_Resolution: 1
- Depth_Distance_Units: meters
- Depth_Encoding_Method: Explicit Depth Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates
- Distribution_Information:
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- Distributor:
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- Contact_Information:
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- Contact_Organization_Primary:
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- Contact_Organization:
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Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Contact_Address:
-
- Address_Type: mailing and physical address
- Address: NOAA IRC
- Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
- Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
- City: Honolulu
- State_or_Province: HI
- Postal_Code: 96818
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
- Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
- Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
- Resource_Description: Offline Data
- Distribution_Liability:
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While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
- Standard_Order_Process:
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- Digital_Form:
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- Digital_Transfer_Information:
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- Format_Name: XLS (Microsoft Excel worksheet)
- Digital_Transfer_Option:
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- Offline_Option:
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- Offline_Media: CDROM, or email
- Recording_Format: ISO 9660
- Fees: None if receiving the data online
- Custom_Order_Process: Contact CRED data management team for information
- Technical_Prerequisites: Contact CRED data management team for information
- Metadata_Reference_Information:
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- Metadata_Date: 20190605
- Metadata_Review_Date: 20101021
- Metadata_Contact:
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- Contact_Information:
-
- Contact_Organization_Primary:
-
- Contact_Organization:
-
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
- Contact_Address:
-
- Address_Type: mailing and physical address
- Address: NOAA IRC
- Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
- Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
- City: Honolulu
- State_or_Province: HI
- Postal_Code: 96818
- Country: USA
- Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
- Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
- Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
- Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
- Metadata_Standard_Name: the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
- Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
- CoRIS:
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- CoRIS_ID: 20101021013830
- CoRIS_Children: None
- CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20100407
- CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20100413
- CoRIS_Metadata_Link:
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https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_rea_coral_palmyra_2010.html
- CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 6016
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