Baseline studies of Hawaiian nearshore marine biota directed toward the detection of introduced species and their impact have shown that nonindigenous introductions vary substantially from these average values, depending on the characteristics of the area surveyed. The most comprehensive survey conducted to date, a 1996 survey completed in Pearl Harbor (Coles et al. 1997; 1999), found 95 known or potentially nonindigenous species, which composed 23% of the 419 invertebrates, macroalgae, and fishes found. Only three nonindigenous invertebrates and one nonidigenous fish occurred at Midway Atoll in 1997 out of a total 444 taxa found (DeFelice et al. 1998). No nonindigenous algae or invertebrates were found in the nearshore and intertidal of Kahoóolawe Island in 1998 out of a total of 298 species observed or collected (Coles et al. 1998).
Despite the potential importance of Honolulu Harbor or other commercial harbors on Oahu as potential gateways for nonindigenous marine species to enter the Hawaiian marine ecosystem, no studies have previously been conducted of introduced species in Hawaiian commercial harbors, and little information is available for the composition of the marine communities for these harbors. Therefore, surveys were conducted in Honolulu Harbor and Keehi Lagoon in 1997, and in Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor and the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor in 1998. The results of this study are reported herein and the presence and impact of nonindigenous marine introductions in these harbors are evaluated
Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000324
MarLIN is an initiative of the Marine Biological Association of the UK in collaboration with major holders and users of marine biological data (http://www.marlin.ac.uk/index2.htm?demo/Litcor.htm);
The Tree of Life is a collaborative web project, produced by biologists from around the world. On more than 2600 World Wide Web pages, the Tree of Life provides information about the diversity of organisms on Earth, their history, and characteristics (http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html);
Australian Opheliidae (Polychaeta) DELTA database (http://www.museum.vic.gov.au/poly/ophitems.html);
European register of Marine Species (http://erms.biol.soton.ac.uk/lists/brief/Polychaeta.shtml);
CRUSTACEANS OF THE CNMI (http://www.crm.gov.mp/marine/biodiversity/crusties/crust.htm);
Systema Naturae 2000 / Classification (http://sn2000.taxonomy.nl/Main/Classification/..%5C..%5C..%5CMain%5CClassification%5C15265.htm);
Smithsonian Marine Station at Fort Pierce (http://www.sms.si.edu/IRLSpec/aspecies2.htm);
Cephalaspidea from around the world (http://www.medslugs.de/Opi/CEPHALASPIDEA.htm):
Sea slug forum (http://www.seaslugforum.net/species.htm);
A Biotic Database of Indo-Pacific Marine Mollusks (http://data.acnatsci.org/obis/);
The Academy of Natural Sciences: Online collections databases (http://erato.acnatsci.org/databases/index.php):
The Amphipod Homepage (http://web.odu.edu/sci/biology/amphome/index.html):
The Dutch Ascidians Homepage (http://www.ascidians.com/). *Although every effort is made at the NODC to insure accuracy of the taxonomy contained in this metadata record, information is provided as an aid to search engines and is not designed to serve as a definitive taxonomic guide.* Notes are included in this metadata record where the originator spelling differs from that as given by ITIS. NO ORIGINAL DATA IS ALTERED AT THE NODC.
Bernice P. Bishop Museum Collections -
Bishop Museum collections databases for algae, invertebrates, malacology and ichthyology were reviewed for all marine or estuarine organisms indicated to have been collected in Honolulu Harbor, Keehi Lagoon, Kewalo Basin, the Ala Wai Yacht Harbor or the Barbers Point Deep Draft Harbor. The retrieved data were assembled into a combined database for Oahu south shore harbors (other than Pearl Harbor) containing taxa identity, taxonomic authority, collection location and date, collector and collectors notes, when available. This information is included with the general listing of all taxa for the study developed from all sources and presented in Appendix C of the main report included in this data set.
Data Analysis -
All organisms identified from the current field study were entered on an Access database relational with the databases for previous literature reports and museum collections of organisms from Pearl Harbor. The combined information was used to track the occur
The sampling and analysis process is summarized in Figure 13 in the original data document. Collections and observations were made by two experienced investigators sampling as large a variety of habitats as possible at each station while snorkeling or using Scuba. One diver sampled fouling organisms growing on hard surfaces from the intertidal zone to the bottom by scraping three samples of approximately 0.1 m2 each. The other diver observed fishes swimming in the area, recorded their identities and also noted the presence of abundant invertebrate megafauna and macroalgae. Collected organisms, which range 4-8 liters in total volume for each station were inspected on site and selected hydroids and tunicates were removed to be relaxed in a solution of Epsom salts and seawater before preserving in 5% formalin. The remaining organisms were preserved on site in 70% alcohol before returning the samples to the laboratory for sorting and identification of organisms.
Sediment-dwelling organisms and their substratum were collected by inserting a 12.5 cm diameter cylinder 15 cm into the sediment, closing off the bottom and top with lids and then transporting the sample to the laboratory where it was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh size screen. A subsample of 10 to 25 cm3 was retained from each sample for determination of micromollusc populations.
Specimens collected were sorted and identified to species or the lowest practicable taxa, using dissecting or compound microscope magnification when necessary. Identifications were made using descriptions available in Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaiói Sections 1 to 4 (published), 5 and 6 (unpublished), various taxonomic references, and voucher specimens in the Bishop Museum collections. Specimens from various groups were sent to taxonomic experts for verification of preliminary identifications (see Acknowledgments).