Ronald A. Englund Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawaii
B. Field Surveys- General Methods Sampling for Phase II of the South Shore Oahu Biodiversity Project began in January 1998 and ended in June 1999. Representative sampling stations were established in the lowest reaches of each named south and west Oahu stream. Sampling locations were somewhat dependent upon the constraints of private property, water depth, sediment depth, and vegetation, but included a complete range of estuarine habitats. Riparian vegetation composition and stream substrate were evaluated at each sampling station. Habitat condition for native aquatic organisms was evaluated at sampling stations. Most sampling stations were generally at or just above sea level.
Insect Sampling Aquatic insect sampling was conducted according to Polhemus (1995a) and Englund et al. (1998). Collections of both immature and adult specimens were made with aerial sweep nets, aquatic dip nets, seines, and benthic samples. Visual observations of aquatic insects were also conducted above the waterbody. Sampling of damselflies and dragonflies (Odonata) was emphasized, as several of these are currently candidate threatened or endangered species. All insect specimens were stored in 75% ethanol and transported to the Bishop Museum Entomology Collection for curation and identification. Voucher specimens are currently housed in the Bishop Museum collections.
Fish, Crustacean, and Mollusk Sampling Seine netting was the main sampling technique used to assess introduced fish abundance. A fine-mesh, 5 m long seine was used to sample stream animals and assess species composition, and dip nets were also used to sample areas not accessible to seines. Experimental gill nets of varying sized mesh were also used in areas that were too deep to seine. Salinity was also recorded at least once for each stream location sampled, and, unless otherwise stated, salinities were taken at the surface. Electroshocking was attempted but abandoned as most sampling areas were estuarine and even low salinity levels rendered electrofishing ineffective. Snorkeling was not possible because of poor water clarity and quality throughout many south shore Oahu estuaries. In some areas above-water observations for fish and invertebrates were occasionally possible, although species identification was generally assessed through capture of individuals.
Although some fish, crustacean, and mollusk species were identifiable in the field, many smaller specimens were immediately preserved in 75% ethanol and brought back to the Bishop Museum for further identification. For this report, we used the scientific and common names of fishes published by the American Fisheries Society (American Fisheries Society 1991 ), crustaceans (American Fisheries Society 1989), and Nishida (1997) for insect names and biogeographic status.
Files within each directory are:
.data/Access: SouthShore-97.mdb
.data/Excel: DJ_Fauna.csv DJ_Fauna.xls Id_affiliates.csv Id_affiliates.xls Keith_DJ_Fauna.csv Keith_DJ_Fauna.xls Keith_Insect_Data.csv Keith_Insect_Data.xls Keith_Revised_Insect_Data2.csv Keith_Revised_Insect_Data2.xls Keith_Revised_Species_List.csv Keith_Revised_Species_List.xls Keith_Stations2.csv Keith_Stations2.xls Station.csv Station.xls Stream_Code.csv Stream_Code.xls Taxonomy_and_Author.csv Taxonomy_and_Author.xls
.data/reports: DJFinal.pdf