Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Kenneth S. Casey, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), and Edward J. Kearns, Vicki Halliwell, and Robert Evans, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) Publication_Date: 20060920 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: 4 km NODC/RSMAS AVHRR Pathfinder Version 5 Seasonal and Annual Day-Night Sea Surface Temperature Climatologies for 1982-2009 for the Gulf of Mexico (NODC Accession 0072888) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: GeoTIFF version 2.4 Series_Information: Series_name: not applicable Issue_Identification: Pathfinder Version 5.0 Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Silver Spring, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0072888 Online_Linkage: https://gulfatlas.noaa.gov/ Description: Abstract: The 4 km Pathfinder effort at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) and the University of Miami's Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS) is an extension of and improvement on the sea surface temperature (SST) fields from the NOAA/NASA AVHRR Oceans 9km Pathfinder dataset. In this 4 km Pathfinder project, some important shortcomings in the original 9 km data have been corrected, and the entire time series has been reprocessed at the 4 km Global Area Coverage (GAC) level, the highest resolution possible globally. These Gulf of Mexico seasonal and annual climatologies were produced from 5-day averaged Pathfinder AVHRR SST data from 1982-2009, which are archived at the National Oceanographic Data Center (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/) under separate accession numbers. The climatologies are available as 32-bit Tagged Image File Format (.TIFF) data files for 1982-2009 and include seasonal and yearly time periods. The climatologies are also included as Arc Grid (.mxd) and .PNG layers with associated legends for user convenience and were assigned projection GCS_WGS_1984. An additional subdirectory contains the annual mean, season 1 (Jan-Mar) mean, season 2 (Apr -June) mean, season 3 (Jul - Sept) mean, and season 4 (Oct-Dec) mean as color-classified .PNG images with a matching shape file that were developed for use in online visualizations. Purpose: To provide high resolution climatologies of SST with high accuracy and spatial resolution for climate change and ecological studies. Supplemental_Information: The time series of 5-day SST averages used to create these seasonal and annual climatologies was created by averaging original twice-daily Pathfinder data of quality flags 4-7 only into 5-day temporal bins for 1982-2009. The original twice-daily Pathfinder data was computed using the Version 5 Pathfinder algorithm. This algorithm is an improved version of the University of Miami Pathfinder version v4.2 SST algorithm (described fully in Kilpatrick et al., 2001). The v4.2 algorithm offered marked improvement over operational retrieval algorithms such as MCSST and was applied to AVHRR data to maximize accuracy and to minimize artificial fluctuations arising from the sequence of AVHRR instruments flown on NOAA's polar-orbiting satellites during the past 2 decades. The 9 km v4.2 Pathfinder SSTs were shown to be the highest quality product currently available for the construction of global climatologies (Casey and Cornillon, 1999) and longer-term SST trend determination (Casey and Cornillon, 2001), and were demonstrated to be accurate within about 0.3 degrees C under optimal conditions (Kearns et al., 2000). Relative to the older 9 km v4.2 Pathfinder data, the new, ~ 4 km resolution Pathfinder Version 5 global SSTs increase detail by a factor of four simply by virtue of the increased resolution. The increase in detail over widely used but relatively coarse SST data sets such as Optimally Interpolated SST Version 2 (OISSTv2; Reynolds et al., 2002) and the Hadley Centre's Global Sea Ice and SST (HadISST1; Rayner et al., 2003) is far greater. In addition to the increased resolution, significant improvements have been made in the Version 5 which enhance the usefulness of the SST fields. Currently, these enhancements include the use of sea ice in the quality level determination scheme, inclusion of many inland water bodies, and the use of a greatly improved land mask. The greatest improvements are seen in coastal zones, marginal seas, and boundary current regions where SST gradients are often large and their impact on operational or research products is greatest. Separate SST products for daytime and nighttime AVHRR retrievals are made to better understand the differences in skin and bulk temperatures, since mean differences between AVHRR-measured skin temperatures and bulk temperatures of 0.1 to 0.2 degrees C (Schluessel et al., 1990) and locally varying differences of up to 1.8 degrees C (Minnett et al., 2000) have been observed. The following is information to be used when the seasonal climatology geotiff files: Geotiff_Information: Version: 1 Key_Revision: 1.0 Tagged_Information: ModelTiepointTag (2,3):0 0 0-180 90 0 ModelPixelScaleTag (1,3):0.0439453 0.0439453 0 End_Of_Tags. Keyed_Information: GTModelTypeGeoKey (Short,1): ModelTypeGeographic GTRasterTypeGeoKey (Short,1): RasterPixelIsArea GTCitationGeoKey (Ascii,17): 'LONG/LAT E005' GeographicTypeGeoKey (Short,1): GCS_WGS_84 GeogAngularUnitsGeoKey (Short,1): Angular_Degree ProjLinearUnitsGeoKey (Short,1): Linear_Meter End_Of_Keys. End_Of_Geotiff. GCS: 4326/WGS 84 Datum: 6326/World Geodetic System 1984 Ellipsoid: 7030/WGS 84 (6378137.00,6356752.31) Prime Meridian: 8901/Greenwich (0.000000/ 0d 0' 0.00""E) Projection Linear Units: 9001/metre (1.000000m) Corner Coordinates:Upper Left (180d 0' 0.00"W, 90d 0' 0.00"N) Lower Left (180d 0' 0.00"W, 90d 0' 0.00"S) Upper Right (180d 0' 0.00"E, 90d 0' 0.00"N) Lower Right (180d 0' 0.00"E, 90d 0' 0.00"S) Center ( 0d 0' 0.00"E, 0d 0' 0.00"N) A separate land mask developed from the Global Self-Consistent High-Resolution Shoreline Database (GSHHS v 2.2.0, Wessel and Smith, 2011) is included with the data files. The color-classified versions of the climatologies were developed for use in visual online applications and are annual and seasonal means only. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19820101 Beginning_Time: Unknown Ending_Date: 20091231 Ending_Time: Unknown Currentness_Reference: publication date Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -98.68 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -78.9 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 31.97 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 17.03 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC DATA TYPES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC INSTRUMENT TYPES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: AVHRR > Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Theme_Keyword: AVHRR-GAC Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC OBSERVATION TYPES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: satellite data Theme_Keyword: GIS product Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC PLATFORM NAMES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: 326S - SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: NOAA-7 SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: NOAA-9 SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: 3101 - NOAA-11 SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: 3277 - NOAA-14 SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: NOAA-16 SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: NOAA-17 SATELLITE Theme_Keyword: NOAA-18 SATELLITE Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC PROJECT NAMES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: PATHFINDER Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC COLLECTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI; ROSENSTIEL SCHOOL OF MARINE AND ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE Theme_Keyword: US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC SUBMITTING INSTITUTION NAMES THESAURUS Theme_Keyword: US DOC; NOAA; NESDIS; NATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHIC DATA CENTER Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: Global Change Master Directory Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Climate Indicators Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Water Temperature Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR > 4km Pathfinder Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR > 9km Pathfinder Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR > MCSST Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR > NLSST Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere Theme_Keyword: 004 Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: 007 Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: 002 Theme_Keyword: economy Theme_Keyword: 005 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Remote Sensing > Satellite (digital scans) > AVHRR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Sea Surface Temperature Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Florida Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: NODC SEA AREA NAMES THESAURUS Place_Keyword: Gulf of Mexico Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: Florida Place_Keyword: FGB Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Please acknowledge the use of these data with - The Pathfinder Version 5 SST Data were provided by the NOAA/National Oceanographic Data Center at URL: http://pathfinder.nodc.noaa.gov Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Yuanjie Li Contact_Organization: NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Contact_Position: Data Analyst Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing address Address: SSMC3, 4th Floor, Room 4839, Route: E/OC1, 1315 East-West Highway City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20910 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (301)713-3272 x197 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: FAX:(301)713-3300 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Yuanjie.li@noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 9:00 AM-4:00 PM, EST 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