Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Publication_Date: 20081010
      Title: CRED Preliminary hard and soft bottom seafloor substrate map
        derived from an unsupervised classification of gridded
        backscatter and bathymetry derivatives at the U.S. Territory of Guam.
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data
      Online_Linkage: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_cnmi.htm
  Description: 
    Abstract: Preliminary hard and soft seafloor substrate map derived
      from an unsupervised classification of multibeam backscatter and
      bathymety derivatives at the U.S. Territory of Guam. The
      dataset was derived using Reson 8101 backscatter data, bathymetric
      variance and bathymetric rugosity. The sonar frequency is 240
      kHz for the Reson 8101 backscatter data, which were resampled to
      a 5 m grid cell size prior to the classification. Limited seafloor
      photographs for groundtruthing are available for Guam and therefore
      no supervised classification was performed and we are unable to
      visually or empirically evaluate the accuracy of the unsupervised
      classification seafloor substrate map. However, in locations such
      French Frigate Shoals, NWHI and Tutuila, American Samoa, where ground
      truth data are available, the unsupervised classification method is a
      robust predictor of substrate type in similar depth ranges and seafloor
      environments.
    Purpose: The hard and soft seafloor map is being used to improve
      sampling techniques for long-term ecosystem monitoring, to guide
      future ground-truthing operations and to identify coral-rich and
      species specific environments. This is a preliminary product and
      the methods used to generate the map are currently being evaluated
      for their accuracy.
    Supplemental_Information: Multibeam bathymetry and backscatter data were collected aboard
      the R/V AHI (Acoustic Habitat Investigator). See the metadata for
      that dataset served separately at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc.
      The batymetric rugosity dataset is also served separately at the
      same website. The bathymetric variance grids were generated for
      use in the classification process and are not served separately.
      See the process description portion of this document for additional
      information about how the variance and unsupervised layers were derived.
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 20030922
        Ending_Date: 20070522
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: 144.59
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: 144.98
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 13.68
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 13.22
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
      Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
      Theme_Keyword: Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization - Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands and Guam
      Theme_Keyword: 1398
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping > geomorphology Mapping
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Hard bottom
      Theme_Keyword: Soft bottom
      Theme_Keyword: Unsupervised Classification
      Theme_Keyword: Acoustic Imagery
      Theme_Keyword: Multibeam Backscatter
      Theme_Keyword: Backscatter
      Theme_Keyword: Bathymetry
      Theme_Keyword: Multibeam sonar
      Theme_Keyword: Substrate
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: imageryBaseMapsEarthCover
      Theme_Keyword: 010
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Geographic Information > Habitats
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: UTM Zone 55
      Place_Keyword: Guam Island
      Place_Keyword: U.S. Territory
      Place_Keyword: United States of America
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000)
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
      Place_Keyword: Guam
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please acknowledge the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries
    Science Center (PIFSC) Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and
    the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), and
    the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR)
    and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST),
    University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/CNMI_images/gua-unspv-hardsoft-5m_445.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: Hard and Soft Seafloor Substrate
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Data_Set_Credit: PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA, and JIMAR
  Security_Information: 
    Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable
  Native_Data_Set_Environment: GeoTIFF file created using ENVI 4.4 in a
    LINUX computing environment
Data_Quality_Information: 
  Attribute_Accuracy: 
    Attribute_Accuracy_Report: Data are collected for resource
      management and research purposes and are tested for internal
      consistency; however, no effort is made to compare these data to
      external references or to other published data.
  Logical_Consistency_Report: These data are believed to be logically
    consistent though no tests were performed
  Completeness_Report: Complete
  Positional_Accuracy: 
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: 
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS)
        Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters
    Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: 
      Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: 1 m
        Range resolution of sonar ~1.25 cm
        Raw sounding resolution: Variable
        Vertical accuracy of gridded product: 1% of water depth
  Lineage: 
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: Processing steps used to generate the backscatter, bathymetry,
        and bathymetric rugosity grids used in the unsupervised
        classification process are described in their own metadata that
        can be found at www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc. Backscatter
        data were resampled to 5 m grid cell size using the Raster Resample
        Tool in the ArcMap Version 9.2 Toolbox. Resampling of the backscatter
        was performed after charted data in the GeoTIFF format were mosaicked
        using the ArcMap Version 9.2 Toolbox Mosaic to New Raster function.
        Mosaics were created in the ESRI GRID format. Bathymetric variance was
        calculated from the 5 m bathymetry in a two-step process using ArcMap
        Version 9.2. The first step involved calculating the standard deviation
        of the bathymetry layer using the Neighborhood Statistic tool from the
        Spatial Analyst pull-down menu in ArcMap Version 9.2. Rectangular
        neighborhood settings were set to a height and width of 2 grid
        cells to create a small-scale variance layer. The standard
        deviation output was then squared using the ArcMap Raster
        Calculater tool. A large-scale variance layer was also generated
        using a rectangular neighborhood height and width of 5 grid
        cells. The fine-scale variance is useful for defining small
        features that may indicate the presence of sediment ripples or
        possible coral-rich areas whereas the large-scale variance is
        useful for defining seafloor ridges, pinnacles, and significant
        changes in slope. Bathymetric variance proved to be a useful tool
        in previous efforts to map seafloor habitats by Dartnell and
        Gardner (2004). Their publication can be downloaded
        from www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_documentation.htm.
        Bathymetric rugosity was calculated using the ArcGIS Benthic
        Terrain Modeler (D.J. Wright et al., 2005) that is accessible for
        download at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/products/btm.
        The layers were then opened as ESRI GRIDS in the
        image processing software package ENVI (Environment for
        Visualizing Images) Version 4.4. A multi-band image was then
        created with the backscatter, small- and large-scale variance,
        and rugosity. A mask was also created in ENVI. Image classification
        was performed using the K-Means unsupervised classification method,
        which calculates initial class means evenly distributed in the data
        space and then iteratively clusters the pixels into the nearest class
        using a minimum distance technique. More information about K-Means
        algorithm can be found in the ENVI documentation available at
        www.ittvis.com/envi/. The number of classes was set to two and
        all other options were set to default. Class color mapping was
        performed on the resulting classified images. The substrate types
        of hard and soft were assigned based on results from supervised
        classification of the backscatter data (also performed in ENVI)
        using hard and soft bottom classes from classified seafloor
        photographs in other study sites including French Frigate Shoals,
        Northwestern Hawaiian Islands and Tutuila, American Samoa. Those
        datasets can be found at the PIBHMC website. In addition to the
        processing steps mentioned above, the high-intensity, track parallel,
        nadir signal was removed from the Reson 8101 backscatter after classification
        because it causes false classification results. The nadir signal was removed
        by creating a 15 m buffer in ArcGIS around the R/V AHI trackline navigation
        data sampled every second. The buffer was used to mask the
        Reson 8101 backscatter data and results in the trackline parallel
        unclassified data gaps. Methods to most accurately interpolate
        across the gaps are currently under investigation.
      Process_Date: 2008
Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: 
  Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster
  Raster_Object_Information: 
    Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell
    Row_Count: 7836
    Column_Count: 9797
    Vertical_Count: 1
Spatial_Reference_Information: 
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: 
    Planar: 
      Grid_Coordinate_System: 
        Grid_Coordinate_System_Name: Universal Transverse Mercator
        Universal_Transverse_Mercator: 
          UTM_Zone_Number: 55
          Transverse_Mercator: 
            Scale_Factor_at_Central_Meridian: 0.9996
            Longitude_of_Central_Meridian: 147
            Latitude_of_Projection_Origin: 0
            False_Easting: 500000
            False_Northing: 0
      Planar_Coordinate_Information: 
        Planar_Coordinate_Encoding_Method: Row and Column
        Coordinate_Representation: 
          Abscissa_Resolution: 5
          Ordinate_Resolution: 5
        Planar_Distance_Units: meters
    Geodetic_Model: 
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: 
    Depth_System_Definition: 
      Depth_Datum_Name: mean lower low water
      Depth_Resolution: 0.01
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute Values
Entity_and_Attribute_Information: 
  Overview_Description: 
    Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: none
    Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.
    NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or
    implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a
    warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by
    any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the
    failure of these data to function on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: GeoTIFF, .tif
        Format_Information_Content: TIFF is a format for storage, transfer, display, and
          printing of raster images. The TIFF file structure allows
          both the tag and the image data to be encoded into the same
          file. GeoTIFF refers to a TIFF file that has geographic
          data embedded as tags within the TIFF file. The geographic
          data can be used to position the image in the correct
          location and geometry on the screen of a geographic
          information display. Any GIS, CAD, Image Processing,
          Desktop Mapping and other types of systems using geographic
          images can read any GeoTiff file. More specifically, files
          of this type can be added to ArcInfo and ArcView 8.x or
          higher and may be viewed in the Table of Contents as a new
          raster layer. Image visualization software that does not
          use geography as a basis for image placement can view a
          GeoTIFF image as if there were no geographic information in
          the TIFF file. For example, GeoTIFF files can be viewed
          using Windows Picture and Fax viewer. The GeoTIFF format is
          public domain, non-proprietary.
        File_Decompression_Technique: none
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Online_Option: 
          Computer_Contact_Information: 
            Network_Address: 
              Network_Resource_Name: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_cnmi_gua_geomorph.htm
    Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20241215
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20090508
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Universal Time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20090508045948
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20030922
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20070522
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_guam_unspv_hardsoft_5m.html
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2700