Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Publication_Date: 200606
      Title: CRED Optical Validation Data at Laysan Island, 2002 to Support Benthic Habitat Mapping
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Video and photo imagery, track line navigation files, and log sheets
      Online_Linkage: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/
  Description: 
    Abstract: Optical validation data were collected using a Tethered Optical Assessment Device (TOAD), an underwater sled
      equipped with an underwater digital video camera and lights. Data were collected at the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands,
      Laysan Island to support Benthic Habitat Mapping efforts.
    Purpose: This data provides optical observations that will be correlated with bathymetry and acoustic backscatter
      imagery to develop a benthic habitat map of Laysan Island.  Refer to supplemental information for description of
      instrument and survey.
    Supplemental_Information: Laysan Island, located at 25.75N, 171.75W, is an isolated coral island.  The underlying
      basaltic structure is estimated to be 17 million years old. The island is the largest in the Northwestern Hawaiian
      Island with 4.11 sq. km of land area and an interior hypersaline lake.  Its coral reef habitat is relatively small,
      including 57 sq. km of banks less than 100 m.
      
      Optical validation data were collected using the Tethered Optical Assessment Device (TOAD), a sled equipped with
      underwater video camera, still camera, and lights. These data are used to provide ground-truth validation that for
      benthic habitat maps based on multibeam echosounder surveys.  Camera sled deployments were conducted at night, usually
      between 1800 and midnight. The TOAD was deployed from a pot hauler mounted on the starboard side of the fantail on
      NOAA Ship Townsend Cromwell. It was lowered slowly to the bottom by the deck crew with the use of a capstan. The TOAD
      operator monitored a live video feed from the camera and began recording data on two video tape recorders. When the
      camera reached bottom the deck crew was notified by radio to stop lowering. The TOAD was a MiniBat 8820 unit manufactured
      by Guideline, and was towed by the ship at 1-2 knots while remotely guided from the ship using adjustable wing
      controls to keep the unit close to the underwater substrate. The TOAD was damaged during the cruise on 02/20/02, and
      subsequent tows were conducted as drift deployments. At each station the ship was positioned with the wind on the
      starboard side and drifted downwind; occasional light turns were applied to the ship's screws if necessary to reduce
      the ship's motion. The operator continued to monitor the vehicle and provided commands to raise or lower it to keep
      the camera just above the bottom.
      
      Equipment Description: The TOAD is a camera sled based on the Guildline MiniBat model 8820 tow body. The frame was
      configured with a single Sony DCR-PC110 Digital Video Camera in a modified Gates underwater housing, a Canon Power
      Shot G1 Still Camera (modified by CRED engineers) in an Ikelite housing rated to 60 m slaved to an Ikelite DS-50
      strobe, and two 500 W DeepSea Power & Light model 710-0400601 underwater lights. The Canon camera had a custom-built
      timer that enabled the user to select a constant time interval (ranging from approximately 5 seconds to 2 minutes)
      between photographs. An interval of 30 seconds was typically selected, which, assuming a mean velocity for the camera
      sled of 1.5 knots, resulted in one photograph approximately every 20 m. Photograph resolution is 2048 x 1536 pixels
      and file names are assigned sequentially and automatically by the camera, starting at 100-0000 after the camera's
      memory is cleared. The MiniBat pressure sensor and wing controller were also mounted on the frame but the pressure
      sensor was not operational. After damage to the TOAD on 02/20/02and the sled's wings were not installed thereafter.
      The cable between the sled and the surface was an underwater load-bearing electrical cable. The TOAD computers were
      located in the Electronics Lab of the Townsend Cromwell. The electronics box containing the power switches was secured
      to the ship's fantail, and all other TOAD surface components were secured in the ship's wet lab.
      
      Name & address of person collecting data:
      Joyce Miller & Ronald Hoeke
      NOAA IRC
      NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
      1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
      Honolulu, HI 96818
      
      Data Files: Video data were recorded on two video tape recorders.  Still photos were recorded on digital camera and
      downloaded to the TOAD computer after the tow. The position of the camera sled was recorded using Guildline MiniBat
      In-Tow data acquisition software.
      
      File naming convention:  Each tow is given a name consisting of a 3-letter designator for the island area, "LAY" in
      this case followed by a five-digit tow number.  The first two digits indicate the last two digits of the calendar
      year, i.e., "02" is used for this cruise, which took place in 2002. The last three numbers indicate the consecutive
      number of the tow for that island and year, and start on the next hundred for subsequent cruises in that year to the
      same island.  During TC0207 the consecutive numbers started at 020.  Video tape labels, the navigation files (*.glo)
      and paper log forms are all annotated with the tow name.  Metadata were extracted from the navigation data and recorded
      to a file with the same name as the navigation file except that a file type of ".met" was appended; for example,
      "LAY02002.glo.met"
      
      Time Correlation: All times are based on UTC.  Two clocks were set manually synchronized prior to starting data
      collection; the clock in the video character generator that was used to annotate the video tape and the TOAD data
      acquisition computer clock was used to annotate the navigation (*.glo) files.  These clocks were set to UTC at the
      beginning of each evening's operations and then compared to one another prior to (and during) each tow.  There were
      problems maintaining synchronization of the TOAD computer clock during this cruise.  See the problems section for a
      description.
      
      Resource Description: Digital video images that are geo-referenced to navigation files.
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Single_Date/Time: 
        Calendar_Date: 20020916
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -171.77085
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -171.7362
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.73207
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.71863
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
      Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
      Theme_Keyword: Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization - Northwestern and Main Hawaiian Islands
      Theme_Keyword: 1217
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Mapping
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Photographic Analysis > Videography
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Tethered Optical Assessment Device (TOAD)
      Theme_Keyword: Underwater video
      Theme_Keyword: TC0207
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Visual Images > Habitats
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: biota
      Theme_Keyword: 002
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Laysan Island (25N171W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Laysan Island (25N171W0001)
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000)
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
      Place_Keyword: NWHI
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Please acknowledge the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center as
    the source of this information.
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Data_Set_Credit: Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science
    Center (PIFSC), NOAA
  Security_Information: 
    Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable
Data_Quality_Information: 
  Logical_Consistency_Report: Unspecified
  Completeness_Report: Complete
  Positional_Accuracy: 
    Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: 
      Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: The horizontal position accuracy for the camera sled position is 100 meters.
        There are three primary sources of this error.  The ship's positioning is based on GPS SPS, often called standalone
        or non-differential GPS positioning.  SPS has a measured accuracy of under 5 meters.  The position of the GPS
        antenna is used; no attempt is made to translocate this position to that of the tow block from which the camera is
        deployed.  The difference between the tow block and the antenna is about 14 meters.  The camera sled position is
        based a layback calculation that use ship's course, the amount of cable out and the camera sled depth to develop
        an estimate of the camera sled position.  The amount of cable deployed is manually entered by the operator during
        a given camera tow.
  Lineage: 
    Process_Step: 
      Process_Description: After a tow was completed the video tape data was reviewed by spot-checking the master and
        backup tape to verify that data were recorded.  Navigation data were copied from the acquisition computer to the
        data archive.  A metadata extractor (gloFilter.py, version 3/06) was run to summarize the navigation data and test
        for errors.  If errors were detected they were corrected or flagged as appropriate and a new data file was made.
        This file's header was updated to document what type of processing occurred.  A metadata file was recorded in the
        data archive in the same location as the navigation data.  Processed navigation data were then read into ArcView 3.2
        shapefiles using an ArcView Avenue script named "TOAD.Import.Playback", version 9/25/01, written by Ronald Hoeke.
      Process_Date: 20041015
Spatial_Reference_Information: 
  Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: 
    Geographic: 
      Latitude_Resolution: 0.0001
      Longitude_Resolution: 0.0001
      Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal Degrees
    Geodetic_Model: 
      Horizontal_Datum_Name: D_WGS_1984
      Ellipsoid_Name: WGS_1984
      Semi-major_Axis: 6378137.000000
      Denominator_of_Flattening_Ratio: 298.257224
  Vertical_Coordinate_System_Definition: 
    Depth_System_Definition: 
      Depth_Datum_Name: No correction
      Depth_Resolution: 0.1
      Depth_Distance_Units: meters
      Depth_Encoding_Method: Attribute Values
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Resource_Description: Offline Data
  Distribution_Liability: These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.  NOAA makes no warranty regarding these
    data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability
    for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function
    on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: ASCII
        Format_Information_Content: Each comma-delimited record contains year, day of year, time, latitude, longitude,
          velocity north and east, water column depth, vehicle depth, layback, and wing angle.  For this data set the fields
          for vehicle depth and wing angle do not contain useful data.
          List of navigation files:
          LAY02002.glo
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Offline_Option: 
          Offline_Media: CD-ROM
          Recording_Format: ISO 9660
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: mini digital video
        Format_Information_Content: List of video tapes:
          LAY02002, VHS, Master
          LAY02002, Mini Dv, Master
          LAY02002, Mini Dv, Backup
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Offline_Option: 
          Offline_Media: Video cassette tape
          Recording_Format: Mini DV
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: JPG digital still photo
        Format_Information_Content: 114 still images available; poor photos were enhanced or deleted
          List of photo folders:
          LAY02002: LAY_091602_0630 (114 photos)
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Offline_Option: 
          Offline_Media: CD-ROM
          Recording_Format: JPEG
    Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20200329
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20110323
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20080502025802
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20020916
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20020916
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_toad_laysan_tc0207_2002.html
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 1480