Identification_Information: 
  Citation: 
    Citation_Information: 
      Originator: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
      Publication_Date: 200705
      Title: CRED Cumulative Map of Percent Scleractinian Coral Cover at Palmyra Atoll, 2002-2004
      Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital image
      Online_Linkage: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/data-by-location/pacific-remote-island-area/palymyra-atoll/palmyra-atoll-optical-validation/
      Online_Linkage: ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/optical/palmyra/pal_toad.jpg
  Description: 
    Abstract: This map displays optical validation observation locations and percent coverage of scleractinian coral overlaid on bathymetry.
    Purpose: To display locations of optical validation data collected and percent coverage of scleractinian coral at Palmyra Atoll.
    Supplemental_Information: Palmyra, a low-lying, 12 sq.km. atoll in the Pacific Remote Island Area (PRIA), is a member of the Line Islands and is centered around 55.3'N, 162.05'W. Its lush vegetation and fresh water table makes it unique among the PRIA islands. Although Palmyra was unhabited at the time of its discovery by Western sailors and lacks archaeological remains, Polynesians probably visited it periodically over many centuries to harvest fish and wildlife. The lack of human habitation allowed Palmyra's coral reefs to remain completely pristine until the early 20th century. Even today it lies beyond the influence of urban centers, associated pollutants and major shipping lanes. In 1856, Palmyra was claimed by the U.S. under the Guano Act. During World War II, the U.S. constructed a military base on Palmyra, dredging out a harbor in the the atoll's lagoon and building a causeway across the lagoon which limited the natural circulation within the lagoon. A National Wildlife Refuge administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, limited catch-and-release sport fishing and fishing for local consumption are allowed. Palmyra is under the joint jurisdiction of the Departments of Interior and Commerce and The Nature Conservancy. Ocean currents transport and distribute larvae among and between different atolls and islands, and particularly in the Pacific equatorial region, define sea surface temperatures (SSTs) and available nutrient regimes. The North Equatorial Current (NEC), Equatorial Counter Current (ECC), Equatorial Undercurrent or Cromwell Current (EUC), and South Equatorial Current (SEC) provide the mechanism by which many species are distributed among the PRIAs, nearby central Pacific islands, the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), as well as other distant regions.
      Cruises             CoRIS Metadata Record Names
      TC0201              cred_toad_palmyra_2002
      OES0404             cred_toad_palmyra_2004
      
      Resource Description: Digital video images that are geo-referenced to navigation files.
  Time_Period_of_Content: 
    Time_Period_Information: 
      Range_of_Dates/Times: 
        Beginning_Date: 2002
        Ending_Date: 2004
    Currentness_Reference: ground condition
  Status: 
    Progress: Complete
    Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed
  Spatial_Domain: 
    Bounding_Coordinates: 
      West_Bounding_Coordinate: -162.20
      East_Bounding_Coordinate: -161.99
      North_Bounding_Coordinate: 5.91
      South_Bounding_Coordinate: 5.85
  Keywords: 
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
      Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
      Theme_Keyword: Benthic Habitat Mapping and Characterization - American Samoa and PRIA
      Theme_Keyword: 1084
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Benthic Habitat
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Mapping
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
      Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
      Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Habitats
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
      Theme_Keyword: environment
      Theme_Keyword: 007
      Theme_Keyword: biota
      Theme_Keyword: 002
    Theme: 
      Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Theme_Keyword: Synthesis Map
      Theme_Keyword: TC0201, OES0404
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
      Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
      Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001)
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
      Place_Keyword: Pacific Remote Islands Area
    Place: 
      Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
      Place_Keyword: PRIA
  Access_Constraints: None
  Use_Constraints: Please acknowledge the NOAA Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
    as the source of this information.
  Point_of_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
        Contact_Person: John Rooney
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Browse_Graphic: 
    Browse_Graphic_File_Name: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/PRIAs_images/pal_toad_445px.jpg
    Browse_Graphic_File_Description: This map displays optical validation observation locations and percent coverage of scleractinian coral overlaid on bathymetry.
    Browse_Graphic_File_Type: JPEG
  Data_Set_Credit: Benthic Habitat Mapping Group, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science
    Center (PIFSC), NOAA
  Security_Information: 
    Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
    Security_Classification: Unclassified
    Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable
Distribution_Information: 
  Distributor: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
        Contact_Person: John Rooney
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Resource_Description: Downloadable Data
  Distribution_Liability: These data are not to be used for navigational purposes.  NOAA makes no warranty regarding
    these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume
    liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these
    data to function on a particular system.
  Standard_Order_Process: 
    Digital_Form: 
      Digital_Transfer_Information: 
        Format_Name: JPEG
      Digital_Transfer_Option: 
        Online_Option: 
          Computer_Contact_Information: 
            Network_Address: 
              Network_Resource_Name: https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/cms/data-by-location/pacific-remote-island-area/palymyra-atoll/palmyra-atoll-optical-validation/
              Network_Resource_Name: ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/pria/optical/palmyra/pal_toad.jpg
    Fees: None
Metadata_Reference_Information: 
  Metadata_Date: 20241215
  Metadata_Review_Date: 20080905
  Metadata_Contact: 
    Contact_Information: 
      Contact_Organization_Primary: 
        Contact_Organization: Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
        Contact_Person: CRED Data Management Team
      Contact_Address: 
        Address_Type: mailing and physical address
        Address: NOAA IRC
        Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
        Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
        City: Honolulu
        State_or_Province: HI
        Postal_Code: 96818
      Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
      Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
      Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
      Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred
  Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata
  Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998
  Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time
  Metadata_Access_Constraints: None
  Metadata_Use_Constraints: None
CoRIS: 
  CoRIS_ID: 20080905025020
  CoRIS_Children: None
  CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20020101
  CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20041231
  CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_toad_map_palmyra_2002_2004.html
  CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 2203