Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Program Publication_Date: 20201116 Title: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Thermal History Metrics Edition: One Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: image, web page Publication_Information: Publication_Place: College Park, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program Online_Linkage: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php Description: Abstract: Climate change threatens even the best-protected and most-remote coral reef ecosystems. Management in the face of climate change must incorporate how various factors (e.g., benthic structure, currents and local upwelling, connectivity, herbivore abundance, thermal history) affect coral and reef ecosystem resilience. Research over the last decade indicates that thermal history is among the most important factors influencing coral reef resilience. With support from the NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program, Coral Reef Watch (CRW) developed a variety of Thermal History metrics for coral reef management, initially released in July 2014. In the current Version 3.1.0 (released October 2020), several Sea Surface Temperature (SST) metrics are calculated for reef-containing locations and adjacent waters and are arranged into six themes: Stress Frequency, Stress Onset, SST Variability, SST Trend, Climatology, and Annual History. The Version 3.1.0 metrics were derived from CRW's Version 3.1 daily global 5km (1/20-degree) CoralTemp satellite SST data product, for the period 1985-2019. Source data for CoralTemp are the NOAA/National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) operational near real-time daily global 5km Geostationary-Polar-orbiting (Geo-Polar) Blended Night-only SST Analysis (from 2016-present); the NOAA/NESDIS 2002-2016 reprocessed daily global 5km Geo-Polar Blended Night-only SST Analysis; and the United Kingdom Met Office 1985-2002 daily global 5km night-only SST reanalysis produced on the Operational SST and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) system. Purpose: By providing information on the thermal history of coral reef locations and adjacent waters globally, these metrics complement the suite of monitoring and prediction products that CRW has developed as a decision support system (DSS) to provide critical and timely coral reef environment information to the U.S. and international coral reef communities. Supplemental_Information: The entire suite of products mentioned herein is accessible at https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php. Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19850101 Ending_Date: 20191231 Currentness_Reference: Ground Condition Status: Progress: In work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: irregular Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -180.0 East_Bounding_Coordinate: 180.0 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 40.0 South_Bounding_Coordinate: -40.0 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Bleaching Thermal Stress Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Diseases > Bleaching > Sea Surface Temperature (SST) Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Water Temperature > Anomaly Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Temperature > Sea Surface Temperature > AVHRR Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Map Images > Sea Surface Temperature Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Theme_Keyword: NOAA Theme_Keyword: CoRIS Theme_Keyword: 915 Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef Watch Theme_Keyword: POES Theme_Keyword: Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite Theme_Keyword: GOES Theme_Keyword: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite Theme_Keyword: chart Theme_Keyword: oceanography Theme_Keyword: SST anomaly Theme_Keyword: temperature anomaly Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature anomaly Theme_Keyword: accumulation Theme_Keyword: remote sensing Theme_Keyword: image Theme_Keyword: map Theme_Keyword: CoralTemp Theme_Keyword: SST Theme_Keyword: sea surface Theme_Keyword: sea surface temperature Theme_Keyword: temperature Theme_Keyword: Degree Heating Week Theme_Keyword: DHW Theme_Keyword: thermal stress Theme_Keyword: heat stress Theme_Keyword: stress Theme_Keyword: climatology Theme_Keyword: historical Theme_Keyword: thermal history Theme_Keyword: global change Theme_Keyword: climate change Theme_Keyword: coral Theme_Keyword: coral reef Theme_Keyword: coral reef ecosystem Theme_Keyword: coral bleaching Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project Theme_Keyword: 915 Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef Watch: Satellite- and Model-Based Products for Coral Reef Ecosystem Managers Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Indian Ocean Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Virgin Islands > Lesser Antilles > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands > U. S. Virgin Islands (17N064W0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea > Navassa Island > Navassa Island > Navassa Island (18N075W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Navassa Island > Navassa Island > Navassa Island (18N075W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Caribbean Sea /North Atlantic Ocean > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Puerto Rico > Puerto Rico (18N066W0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > West Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0002) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Flower Garden Banks > East Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Texas > East Flower Garden Banks (27N093W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (28N178W0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii (21N160W0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > American Samoa > American Samoa > American Samoa (14S170W0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Johnston Atoll > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Johnston Atoll (16N169W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Jarvis Island (00S160W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Palmyra Atoll (05N162W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Howland Island > Howland Island (00S176W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Howland Island (00S176W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Baker Island > Baker Island (00N176W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Baker Island (00N176W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Guam > Guam (13N144E0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Carolines > Palau ( Belau ) (07N134E0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Palau > Palau > Palau ( Belau ) (07N134E0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Carolines > Micronesia (07N150E0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Micronesia > Micronesia (07N150E0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands (09N168E0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands > Marshall Islands (09N168E0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Mariana Archipelago > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands > Northern Mariana Islands ( CNMI ) (18N146E0000) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Wake Atoll > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Wake Atoll (19N167E0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Florida Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > North Atlantic Ocean > Florida Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Atlantic Ocean > Gulf of Mexico > Florida Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: global Place_Keyword: coral reefs Place_Keyword: Western hemisphere Place_Keyword: Eastern hemisphere Place_Keyword: Atlantic Ocean Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Indian Ocean Temporal: Temporal_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Temporal_Keyword: historical Temporal_Keyword: past Access_Constraints: none Use_Constraints: Not intended for legal use. Data contain prediction uncertainty. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program Contact_Person: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Coral Reef Watch, NCWCP, E/RA3, Room 3222, 5830 University Research Court City: College Park State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20740 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-683-3320 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-683-3301 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/stress_frequency.php Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 72 PNG files for each of the following Stress Frequency metrics, spanning 1985-2019: Number of Heat Stress Events (Degree Heating Week [DHW] greater than 0); Number of Significant Bleaching-level Heat Stress Events (DHW greater than or equal to 4); Number of Severe Bleaching-level Heat Stress Events (DHW greater than or equal to 8); Time between Heat Stress Events (DHW greater than 0); Time between Significant Bleaching-level Heat Stress Events (DHW greater than or equal to 4); and Time between Severe Bleaching-level Heat Stress Events (DHW greater than or equal to 8). Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/stress_onset4.php Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 72 PNG files for each of the following Stress Onset metrics, spanning 1985-2019: Mean Onset - Significant Bleaching-level Heat Stress; Earliest Onset - Significant Bleaching-level Heat Stress; and Onset Variability - Significant Bleaching-level Heat Stress. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/sst_variability.php Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 72 PNG files for each of the following SST Variability metrics, spanning 1985-2019: Warm Season Variability; Warmest Month Variability; Average Warm Season Variability; Average Warmest Month Variability; Annual Variability; and Average Within-year Variability. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/sst_trend.php Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 72 PNG files for each of the following SST Trend metrics, spanning 1985-2019: Warm Season Trend; Annual Trend; and Warmest Month Trend. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/climatology.php Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 72 PNG files for each of the following Climatology metrics, spanning 1985-2012 only: Warmest Month; Climatological Temperature Range; Coolest Month; and Monthly Climatology. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Browse_Graphic: Browse_Graphic_File_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/annual_history.php Browse_Graphic_File_Description: 72 PNG files for each of the following Annual History metrics, spanning 1985-2019: Annual Maximum Sea Surface Temperature (SST); Annual Maximum SST Anomaly; Annual Maximum Degree Heating Week (DHW); Within-year SST Average; and Within-year SST Variability. Browse_Graphic_File_Type: PNG Data_Quality_Information: Attribute_Accuracy: Attribute_Accuracy_Report: The accuracy of this product suite depends on the accuracy of CRW's Version 3.1 CoralTemp SST product (which was developed from a combination of NOAA/NESDIS' operational daily global 5km Geo-Polar Blended Night-only SST Analysis; NESDIS’ 2002-2016 reprocessed daily global 5km Geo-Polar Blended Night-only SST Analysis; and the United Kingdom Met Office’s 1985-2002 daily global 5km night-only SST reanalysis on the OSTIA) and CRW's SST climatologies and algorithms used for deriving the 5km SST Anomaly, Coral Bleaching HotSpot, and DHW products. More detailed information can be found on the Thermal History product suite home page: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php. Logical_Consistency_Report: none Completeness_Report: These Version 3.1.0 Thermal History products will be evaluated by scientists, resource managers and other coral reef stakeholders around the world. Values are provided for pixels containing reefs, and those within a buffer distance of reef locations, as identified in the ReefBase, Millennium Mapping Project and Reefs at Risk datasets, among other datasets. Product revision will continue to be based on user feedback. Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy: Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Users are referred to the product description on CRW's Version 3.1 daily global 5km CoralTemp SST web page (https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/5km/index_5km_sst.php) and to the NOAA/NESDIS Geostationary-Polar-orbiting Blended Global SST Analysis page, available from the NOAA CoastWatch website (https://coastwatch.noaa.gov/cw/satellite-data-products/sea-surface-temperature/sea-surface-temperature-near-real-time-geopolar-blended.html). Vertical_Positional_Accuracy: Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: none Lineage: Source_Information: Source_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: NOAA/NESDIS Publication_Date: 20180801 Title: NOAA CRW Version 3.1 Daily Global 5km CoralTemp SST dataset Edition: one Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: data file Publication_Information: Publication_Place: College Park, Maryland, USA Publisher: NOAA/NESDIS Type_of_Source_Media: data file Source_Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19850101 Ending_Date: Present Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NOAA CRW 5km CoralTemp SST Source_Contribution: All metrics within the Thermal History product suite were derived from the Version 3.1 Daily Global 5km CoralTemp SST dataset. Process_Step: Process_Description: See product descriptions on pages linked from: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php. Process_Date: Not complete Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program Contact_Person: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Coral Reef Watch, NCWCP, E/RA3, Room 3222, 5830 University Research Court City: College Park State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20740 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-683-3320 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-683-3301 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov Spatial_Data_Organization_Information: Direct_Spatial_Reference_Method: Raster Raster_Object_Information: Raster_Object_Type: Grid Cell Row_Count: 1390 Column_Count: 7200 Spatial_Reference_Information: Horizontal_Coordinate_System_Definition: Geographic: Latitude_Resolution: 0.05 Longitude_Resolution: 0.05 Geographic_Coordinate_Units: Decimal degrees Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Detailed_Description: Entity_Type: Entity_Type_Label: Grid Intersection Entity_Type_Definition: There are 7200 grid intersections in each row (at a pre-defined latitude) and 1390 grid intersections in each column (at a pre-defined longitude). Each grid is 0.05 degrees latitude by 0.05 degrees longitude in size, centered at latitudes from 35.275S northward to 34.175N and at longitudes from 179.975W eastward to 179.975E. Entity_Type_Definition_Source: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php Attribute: Attribute_Label: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Thermal History Metrics images in PNG format Attribute_Definition: These are the image display of the Thermal History data Attribute_Definition_Source: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php Attribute_Domain_Values: Range_Domain: Range_Domain_Minimum: 0 Range_Domain_Maximum: 255 Attribute_Units_of_Measure: Index color values Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program Contact_Person: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Coral Reef Watch, NCWCP, E/RA3, Room 3222, 5830 University Research Court City: College Park State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20740 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-683-3320 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-683-3301 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: PHP Format_Information_Content: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Thermal History Metrics web page Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Format: none Compatibility_Information: The data formats provided are commonly used data formats. Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: GIF Format_Information_Content: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Thermal History Metrics images Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://coralreefwatch.noaa.gov/product/thermal_history/index.php Offline_Option: Offline_Media: CD-ROM Recording_Format: none Compatibility_Information: The data formats provided are commonly used data formats. Fees: none Ordering_Instructions: The product in various formats may be downloaded from the CRW website or obtained directly from the distributor. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20201116 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA Coral Reef Watch program Contact_Person: NOAA Coral Reef Watch Coordinator Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Coral Reef Watch, NCWCP, E/RA3, Room 3222, 5830 University Research Court City: College Park State_or_Province: Maryland Postal_Code: 20740 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-683-3320 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-683-3301 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: coralreefwatch@noaa.gov Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 CoRIS: CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/crw_thermal-history_xml_2003_format_20201116.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 8593