Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: DATASET SOURCE: Dr. Richard E. Brock DATASET SOURCE INSTITUTION: Sea Grant University Of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 CONTRIBUTOR: Dr. Roger S. Fujioka Dr. Jamse E.T. Moncur Dr. Richard E. Brock CONTRIBUTOR INSTITUTION: Dr. Roger S. Fujioka Dr. Jamse E.T. Moncur Water Resources Research Center University Of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Dr. Richard E. Brock Sea Grant University Of Hawaii at Manoa Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Publication_Date: 19981231 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: Reef community structure, Sand Island, Oahu HI, (NODC Accession 0000177) Edition: None Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Digital files Publication_Information: Publication_Place: Honolulu, HI Publisher: City and County of Honolulu, Department of Public Works Other_Citation_Details: Project Report: Prepared for Department of Environmental Services, Honolulu, HI "Assessment of the Impact of Ocean Outfalls on the Marine Environment off Sand Island Outfall." Project No.: C59390 Project Period: 21 December 1990 to 31 December 1994 Principal Investigator: Roger S. Fujioka Project No.: C39805 Project Period: 1 January 1995 - 30 September 1997 Principal Investigator: Roger S. Fujioka Project No.: C54997 Project Period: 1 January 1997 - 30 September 2002 Principal Investigator: James E.T. Moncur Description: Abstract: These reports provide the results of nine years (1990-98) of an annual quantitative monitoring of shallow marine communities inshore of the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, Oahu, Hawaii. This monitoring effort focuses on benthic and fish community structure and is designed to detect changes in these communities. Marine communities offshore of Honolulu have received considerable perturbation over the last 100 years. Dumping of raw sewage in shallow water, which occurred from 1955 to 1977, was halted in 1978; however, point and nonpoint sources of pollution from both urban activities and industry continue. All of these disturbances may serve to obscure any impacts that may be caused by treated effluent discharged from the deep-ocean outfall. The marine communities show a considerable range in development that is probably related to historical impacts. Stations have been located to take advantage of these gradients. Analysis of the nine years of data showed that there has been no statistically significant change in any of the biological parameters measured in this study other than for the mean number of invertebrate species and numbers of individual invertebrates encountered per transect. In these cases the data for 1998 showed significantly greater numbers of species and individuals over other years. These changes are probably the result of higher than usual counts of the Christmas tree worm Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus, as well as just more invertebrate species present at most stations. Purpose: To determine the status of the marine resources in the vicinity of the discharge in an effort to quantitatively ascertain if any impacts are occurring to the coral reef biota. Supplemental_Information: SAMPLING PERIODS: 27-29 December 1990 5-6 December 1991 21-22 December 1992 25 January, 7-9 September 1993 20 September, 13-14 October 1994 28 August, 7 and 26 September 1995 20-21 November 1996 14-15, 18 August 1997 28 August 1998 For the aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against ITIS (Integrated Taxonomic Information System; www.itis.usda.gov) at the National Oceanographic Data Center (http://www.nodc.noaa.gov) in the development of this metadata record; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record. Originator data and species listings were not altered in the original data files. Resource Description: NODC Accession # 0000177 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 19901227 Beginning_Time: Unknown Ending_Date: 19980828 Ending_Time: Unknown Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: In Work Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed Spatial_Domain: Description_of_Geographic_Extent: Selected sites fronting Sand Island, Oahu, Hawaii in relation to the Sand Island Ocean Outfall, including Kewalo Landfill, Kalihi Channel, and Reef Runway Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.92 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.89 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.29 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.27 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Coralline Algae Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal Cover Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Census Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Pollution Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Hard Coral Cover Live percentage Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Contaminants Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: 002 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: none Place_Keyword: Pacific Ocean Place_Keyword: Pacific Islands Place_Keyword: Sand Island, Oahu Place_Keyword: Sand Island, Oahu deep ocean outfall Place_Keyword: Honolulu Harbor Place_Keyword: Ke'ehi Lagoon Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: MHI Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Stratum_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis Taxonomy: Keywords/Taxon: Taxonomic_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish assemblages Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Reptiles > Turtles Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Sponges Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates Taxonomic_Keywords: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates Taxonomic_System: Classification_System/Authority: Classification_System_Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: ITIS organization and partners: U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Biological Information Infrastructure; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; U.S. National Park Service; Conabio (Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad - Mexico) Publication_Date: 20020602 Publication_Time: Unknown Title: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) Edition: None Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: Database Publication_Information: Publication_Place: World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html Publisher: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) organization and partners Classification_System_Modifications: For aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against ITIS and other pertinent taxonomic listings (Bishop Museum, HI) at the National Oceanographic Data Center in the development OF THIS METADATA RECORD only; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record. Originator data and species listings ARE NOT altered in the original data files. Taxonomic_Procedures: See originator data files. For aid in the development and implementation of search engines, species as listed by the data originator were checked for spelling and classification against the Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS; see the World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html) and other pertinent taxonomic listings (Bishop Museum, HI) at the National Oceanographic Data Center in the development OF THIS METADATA RECORD only; species classification and spelling differences were noted in the metadata record. Originator data and species listings ARE NOT altered in the original data files. Taxonomic_Completeness: See project reports in originator data files General_Taxonomic_Coverage: Organisms recorded as family, genus, and species in originator data files Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdoms Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia, Plantae, Monera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Animalia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Chordata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Actinopterygii Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Anguilliformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Muraenidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax petelli Applicable_Common_Name: tiger moray, yellowhead moray Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax flavimarginatus Applicable_Common_Name: yellowedged moray Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax meleagris Applicable_Common_Name: spotted moray, guineafowl moray, puhi'onio Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax eurostus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax steindachneri Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gymnothorax undulatus Applicable_Common_Name: common hawaiian moray, leopard moray, nami-utsubo Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Echidna Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Echidna zebra (= Gymnomuraena zebra) Applicable_Common_Name: zebra moray Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Uropterygius Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Uropterygius tigrinus Applicable_Common_Name: tiger reef eel Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Beryciformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Holocentridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Myripristis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Myripristis amaenus (= Myripristis argyromus, Myripristis symmetricus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Gasterosteiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulostomidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulostomus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulostomus chinensis Applicable_Common_Name: painted flute mouth Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Fistulariidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Fistularia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Fistularia commersoni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Perciformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Serranidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cephalopholis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cephalopholis argus (= Cephalopholis guttatus, Epinephelus argus, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: peacock hind Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Apogonidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Apogon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Apogon kallopterus Applicable_Common_Name: spinyhead cardinalfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Carangidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Seriola Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Seriola dumerili Applicable_Common_Name: greater amberjack Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Caranx Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Caranx orthogrammus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Caranx melampygus Applicable_Common_Name: bluefin trevally, black ulua Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapterus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapterus macarellus Applicable_Common_Name: mackerel scad Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Scombroides Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scombroides laysan Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodontidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Forcipiger Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Forcipiger flavissimus Applicable_Common_Name: longnose butterflyfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Forcipiger longirostris Applicable_Common_Name: longnose butterflyfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon multicinctus Applicable_Common_Name: pebbled butterflyfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon fremblii Applicable_Common_Name: bluestriped butterflyfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon miliaris Applicable_Common_Name: crochet butterflyfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon quadrimaculatus Applicable_Common_Name: fourspot butterflyfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon unimaculatus Applicable_Common_Name: onespot coralfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chaetodon ornatissimus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Heniochus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Heniochus diphreutes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Pomacanthidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Centropyge Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Centropyge potteri Applicable_Common_Name: potter's angelfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Pomacentridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Dascyllus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Dascyllus albisella Applicable_Common_Name: spot dascyllus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Plectroglyphidodon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis Applicable_Common_Name: stop-start damsel Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis vanderbilti (= Pycnochromis vanderbilti, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis ovalis (= Chromis velox, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis hanui Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis agilis Applicable_Common_Name: rusty chromis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chromis verater Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Stegastes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Stegastes fasciolatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Abudefduf Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Abudefduf abdominalis Applicable_Common_Name: banded damselfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Paracirrhites=Paracirrhitus (originator data) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Paracirrhites arcatus Applicable_Common_Name: whitelined hawkfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Paracirrhites forsteri Applicable_Common_Name: blacksided hawkfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitops Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitops fasciatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirrhitus pinnulatus Applicable_Common_Name: redspotted hawkfish, oopukai Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Labridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Labroides Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Labroides phthirophagus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Bodianus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Bodianus bilunulatus Applicable_Common_Name: a'awa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilinus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilinus rhodochrous Applicable_Common_Name: ringtail maori wrasse Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilinus bimaculatus Applicable_Common_Name: ragged-tail wrasse Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudocheilinus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudocheilinus octotaenia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalassoma Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalassoma duperreyi Applicable_Common_Name: saddle wrasse Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalassoma ballieui Applicable_Common_Name: gray wrasse Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gomphosus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gomphosus varius Applicable_Common_Name: birdfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Coris Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Coris venusta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Coris gaimardi (= Julis gaimard, Coris greenovii, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudojuloides Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudojuloides cerasinus (= Leptojulis cerasinus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Stethojulis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Stethojulis balteata Applicable_Common_Name: omaka Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Macropharyngodon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Macropharyngodon geoffroyi (= Julis geoffroy, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Anampses Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Anampses chrysocephalus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Anampses cuvieri Applicable_Common_Name: opule Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilio Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cheilio inermis Applicable_Common_Name: cigar wrasse Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Halichoeres Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Halichoeres ornatissimus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Novaculichthys Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Novaculichthys taeniourus (= Labrus taeniourus, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: clown wrasse, rockmover Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Scaridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Calotomus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Calotomus carolinus Applicable_Common_Name: stareyed parrotfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus sordidus Applicable_Common_Name: uhu Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus psittacus Applicable_Common_Name: palenose parrotfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus perspicillatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scarus rubroviolaceus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Blenniidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Exallias Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Exallias brevis Applicable_Common_Name: leopard roadskipper, pao'o kauila Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirripectes = Cirripectus sp. (ITIS) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cirripectes variolosus = Cirripectus variolosus (ITIS) Applicable_Common_Name: collared blenny Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Plagiotremus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Plagiotremus ewaensis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthuridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus nigrofuscus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus nigroris Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus olivaceus Applicable_Common_Name: orangespot tang Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus dussumieri Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus mata Applicable_Common_Name: tailring surgeon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus thompsoni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus triostegus Applicable_Common_Name: convictfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Acanthurus achilles Applicable_Common_Name: redspot tang Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Zebrasoma Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Zebrasoma flavescens Applicable_Common_Name: yellow tang Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso brevirostris (= Naseus brevirostris, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: shortnosed unicornfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso hexacanthus (= Callicanthus metoposophron, Priodon hexacanthus, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: kala Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso lituratus (= Acanthurus lituratus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Naso unicornis Applicable_Common_Name: brown unicornfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Zanclidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Zanclus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Zanclus cornutus (= Zanclus canescens, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Lutjanidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Alphareus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Alphareus furcatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Aprion Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Aprion virescens Applicable_Common_Name: blue-gray snapper, green jobfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Lethrinidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Monotaxis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Monotaxis grandoculis Applicable_Common_Name: roundtoothed large-eyed bream, bigeye barenose, humpnose big-eye bream Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Mullidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus bifasciatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus cyclostomus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus pleurostigma Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Parupeneus multifasciatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Mulloidichthys (= Mulloides in originator data) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Mulloidichthys vanicolensis (= Mulloides vanicolensis, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: vanikolo goatfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (= Mulloides flavolineatus, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: yellowstripe goatfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Scombridae (Thunnidae in originator data) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Thunnus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Thunnus albacares Applicable_Common_Name: yellowfin tuna Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Gobiidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnatholepis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gnatholepis anjerensis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Psilogobius Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Psilogobius mainlandi Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Ptereleotris Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Ptereleotris heteroptera Applicable_Common_Name: indigo hover goby Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetraodontiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Balistidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Melichthys Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Melichthys niger Applicable_Common_Name: black durgon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Melichthys vidua Applicable_Common_Name: pinktail triggerfish, humhumu hiukoli Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Sufflamen Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Sufflamen bursa (= Balistes bursa) Applicable_Common_Name: bridle triggerfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Sufflamen frenatus (= Balistes frenatus, Sufflamen capistratus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhinecanthus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhinecanthus aculeatus Applicable_Common_Name: striped triggerfish, picasso fish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhinecanthus rectangulus (= Balistes rectangulus, Balistapus rectangulus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Monacanthidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pervagor (in family Balistidae in ITIS) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pervagor spilosoma Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pervagor melanocephalus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cantherhines Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cantherhines dumerili Applicable_Common_Name: whitespotted filefish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cantherhines sandwichiensis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostraciidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion meleagris Applicable_Common_Name: pahu Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion fornasini (= Lactoria fornasini, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: shortspined cowfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostracion whitleyi (= Ostracion ornatus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigasteridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster (ITIS places in Tetraodontidae) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster jactator Applicable_Common_Name: whitespotted toby Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster coronata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster rivulata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Canthigaster cinctus Applicable_Common_Name: foursaddle puffer Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Tetraodontidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Arothron Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Arothron hispidus (= Tetraodon hispidus, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: poison puffer Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Diodon (ITIS places in Diodontidae) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Diodon holocanthus Applicable_Common_Name: ballonfish Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Aulopiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Synodontidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Saurida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Saurida variegatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaeniformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenopsis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenopsis cacopsis Applicable_Common_Name: hohu 'omakaha Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Scorpaenopsis diabolus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Taenianotus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Taenianotus triacanthus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Pleuronectiformes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Bothidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Bothus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Bothus pantherinus Applicable_Common_Name: panther flounder Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Ascidiacea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Stolidobranchia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Styelidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryllus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryllus sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Cnidaria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Anthozoa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Scleractinia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Poritidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites evermanni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites lobata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Porites compressa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocilloporidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocillopora Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocillopora meandrina Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pocillopora eydouxi Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Agariciidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pavona Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pavona varians Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pavona duerdeni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Fungiidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Fungia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Fungia scutaria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Acroporidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora verrucosa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora flabellata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora patula Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Montipora verrilli Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Faviidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyphastrea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyphastrea ocellina Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Leptastrea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Leptastrea purpurea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Siderastreidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Psammocora Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Psammocora stellata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Alyconacea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Xenidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Anthelia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Anthelia edmondsoni Applicable_Common_Name: soft coral Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Zoanthidea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Zoanthidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Palythoa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Palythoa tuberculosa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Palythoa edmondsoni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrozoa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydroida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Halocordylidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Halocordyle Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Halocordyle disticha Applicable_Common_Name: feathered hydroid Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Porifera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Demospongiae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Hadromerida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirastrellidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirastrella Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirastrella coccinea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Poecilosclerida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Myxillidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Tedania Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Tedania ignis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Clathriidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Microciona Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Microciona maunaloa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Carnosa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Chondrosiidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Chondrosia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Chondrosia chucalla Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Plakinidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Plakortis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Plakortis simplex Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Annelida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Polychaeta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Canalipalpata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Serpulidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirobranchus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Spirobranchus giganteus corniculatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Vermiliopsis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Vermiliopsis sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Sabellidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Sabellastarte Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Sabellastarte sanctijosephi Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Terebellidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Loimia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Loimia medusa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Thelepus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Thelepus setosus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Mollusca Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Gastropoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Neogastropoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Conidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus imperialis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus miles Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus lividus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Conus marmoratus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Mitridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Mitra Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Mitra papalis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Caenogastropoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Muricidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Drupa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Drupa speciosa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Drupa morum Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Neotaenioglossa Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cassidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cassis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cassis cornuta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Ranellidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cymatium Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cymatium pileare (= Cymatium prima, Dissentoma velei, syn.) Applicable_Common_Name: hairy triton Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraeidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea helvola Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea isabella (= Cypraea isabellamexicana? In ITIS) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cypraea tigris Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Nudibranchia Applicable_Common_Name: sea slugs Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Phyllidiidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Phyllidia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Phyllidia varicosa Applicable_Common_Name: sea slug Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Cephalopoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopodidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Octopus cyanea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Bivalvia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Ostreoida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Spondylidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Spondylus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Spondylus tenebrosus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Mytiloida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Mytilidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lithophaga Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lithophaga sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Pterioida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Pteriidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinctada Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinctada margaritifera Applicable_Common_Name: Pacific pearl-oyster Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinctada marginifera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Pinnidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptopinna Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Streptopinna saccata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinodermata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuroidea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Aspidochirotida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuriidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Holothuria atra Applicable_Common_Name: lolly fish, sea cucumber Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Stelleroidea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Valvatida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Ophiodiasteridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Linckia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Linckia diplax Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Linckia multiflora Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Oreasteridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Culcita Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Culcita novaeguinaea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinoidea Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinoida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinometridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinostrephus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinostrephus aciculatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinometra Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinometra mathaei Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Heterocentrotus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Heterocentrotus mammillatus Applicable_Common_Name: slate-pencil urchin Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Temnopleuroida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Toxopneustidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Tripneustes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Tripneustes gratilla Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudoboletia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Pseudoboletia indiana Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Diadematoida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Diadematidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinothrix Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinothrix calamaris Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Echinothrix diadema Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Arthropoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Aniculus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Aniculus strigatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Malacostraca Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Decapoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Diogenidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Calcinus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Calcinus herbstii Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Dardanus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Dardanus deformis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Portunidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Charybdis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Charybdis orientalis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalamita Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Thalamita edwardsi Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Palinuridae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Panulirus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Panulirus marginatus Applicable_Common_Name: banded spiny lobster Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenopodidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenopus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Stenopus hispidus Applicable_Common_Name: banded coral shrimp Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Stomatopoda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Gonodactylidae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gonodactylus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gonodactylus falcatus Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Platyhelminthes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Turbellaria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Polycladida Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Polyclad sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Plantae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodophycota Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodophyceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Cryptonemiales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Corallinaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Corallina Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Corallina sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Porolithon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Porolithon onkodes Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrolithon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Hydrolithon reinboldii (= Lithophyllum reinboldii, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Jania Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Jania sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Cryptonemiaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Desmia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Desmia hornemanni Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: information unavailable Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gibsmithsia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gibsmithsia hawaiiensis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Ceramiales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodomelaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Amansia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Amansia glomerata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladymenia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Cladymenia pacifica (= Acanthophora pacifica, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurencia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurencia nidifica Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Laurencia obtusa (= Fucus obtusus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Polysiphonia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Polysiphonia sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Delesseriaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Martensia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Martensia fragilis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Ceramiaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Spyridia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Spyridia filamentosa (= Fucus filamentosus, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Tolypiocladia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Tolypiocladia glomerulata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Nemaliales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Bonnemaisoniaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Asparagopsis Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Asparagopsis taxiformis (= Fucus taxiformis, syn.) Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Helminthocladiaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora maxima Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora papenfussii Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Liagora tetrasporifera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Gigartinales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Gracilariaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Gracilaria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Gracilaria coronopifolia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Florideophyceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodymeniales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Rhodymeniaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryocladia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Botryocladia skottsbergi Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Phaeophycophyta Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Phaeophyceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyotales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyotaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyota Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Dictyota divaricata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelariales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelariaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelaria Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Sphacelaria furcigera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Division Taxon_Rank_Value: Chlorophycota Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Chlorophyceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Ulotrichales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Ulvaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Enteromorpha Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Enteromorpha sp. Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Caulerpales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Codiaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Halimeda Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Halimeda opuntia Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Siphonocladales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Valoniaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Microdictyon Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Microdictyon japonicum Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Dasycladales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Dasycladaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Neomeris Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Neomeris annulata Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Kingdom Taxon_Rank_Value: Monera Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Phylum Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyanophycota Applicable_Common_Name: blue-green algae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Class Taxon_Rank_Value: Cyanophyceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Order Taxon_Rank_Value: Nostocales Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Family Taxon_Rank_Value: Oscillatoriaceae Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Genus Taxon_Rank_Value: Lyngbya Taxonomic_Classification: Taxon_Rank_Name: Species Taxon_Rank_Value: Lyngbya majuscula Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: Dataset credit to originators required Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Patrick Caldwell Contact_Organization: NOAA/NODC/National Coastal Data Development Center Contact_Position: NOAA/NODC Hawaii/Pacific Liaison Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: JIMAR, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road City: Honolulu State_or_Province: HI Postal_Code: 96822 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-4105 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808-956-2352 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: Patrick.Caldwell@noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Monday through Friday Contact_Instructions: call, write, e-mail, FAX, leave voice mail Data_Set_Credit: Dr. Richard E. Brock, Dr. Roger S. Fujioka, and Dr. James E.T. Moncur Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Word 97 documents; redundant text files Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: Data were subjected to simple nonparametric statistical procedures provided in the SAS Institute statistical package (SAS Institute Inc. 1985). Nonparametric methods were used to avoid meeting requirements of normal distribution and homogeneity of variance in the data. Data were analyzed using the the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance to discern statistically significant differences among ranked means for each transect site and sample period; this procedure is outlined by Siegel (1956) and Sokal and Rohlf (1981). The a posteriori Student-Newman-Keuls multiple-range test (SAS Institute Inc. 1985) was also used to elucidate differences between locations. Completeness_Report: See originator data reports and methodology section of this metadata record. Lineage: Methodology: Methodology_Type: Field Methodology_Identifier: Methodology_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > Photograph analysis Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae > Algal cover Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Linear transect Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > In situ biological Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring > Linear transect (line) Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Transect monitoring Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Species diversity Methodology_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census > Population density Methodology_Description: SAMPLING STATIONS: Three stations were selected for the monitoring of benthic and fish community response to possible sewage impacts. The stations are close to some stations previously used by Dollar (1979). The stations and the rationale for their selection are given below: Station A (Kewalo Landfill) Utilized as a control area. This station lies east of the present deep-ocean outfall in 17.0 to 18.2 m of water. Prevailing currents create a westerly movement of sewage effluent (Dollar 1979), thus the shallow Kewalo Landfill area is probably not directly impacted. At this location, corals occur in areas of emergent limestone. Immediate coverage over short linear distances may exceed 30%. This station is in the vicinity of Dollar's (1979) station 2. Station B (Kalihi Channel) Located about 120 m east of the Kalihi Entrance Channel in approximately 15.0 m of water. This station is about 900 m west of the bypass (old) outfall in an area heavily impacted by the old (1955 to 1977) shallow-water discharge and is very close to Dollar (1979) station 14. There is emergent limestone at this station, but coral coverage is low (less than 1%). Station C (Reef Runway) Located in an area of complex limestone substratum in water ranging from 7.5 to 12.0 m in depth fronting Honolulu International Airport's Reef Runway. This station is located close to Brock's (1986) station that was monitored quarterly in 1977-78 (AECOS, Inc. 1979) and again in 1986. It is close to Dollar's (1979) station 19. This station was moderately impacted by the old shallow-water sewage outfall (Dollar 1979). MATERIALS AND METHODS# The quantitative sampling of macrofauna of marine communities presents a number of problems; many of these are related to the scale on which one wishes to quantitatively enumerate organism abundance. Marine communities in the waters fronting Sand Island may be spatially defined in a range on the order of a few hundred square centimeters (such as the community living in a Pocillopora meandrina coral head) to many hectares (such as areas which are covered by major biotopes). Because considerable interest focuses on visually dominant corals, diurnally exposed macroinvertebrates, and fishes, a sampling program was designed to delineate changes that may be occurring in communities at this scale. At each station two transect lines were permanently established using metal stakes and plastic-coated no. 14 copper wire. The transects are 20 m in length and have an orientation that is perpendicular to shore. Two transects were established at each location to provide some replication. Both sample approximately the same benthic communities. On each transect are five permanently marked locations (0 m, 5 m, 10 m, 15 m, and 20 m) for the taking of photographs of the benthic communities. Cover estimates were also made in the field with a 1 m x 1 m quadrat placed at the -1 to 0 m, 4 to 5 m, 9 to 10 m, 14 to 15 m, and 19 to 20 m marks on the transect line in each survey. Fish abundance and diversity are often related to small-scale topographical relief over short linear distances. A long transect may bisect a number of topographical features (e.g., coral mounds, sand flats, and algal beds), thus sampling more than one community and obscuring distinctive features of individual communities. To alleviate this problem, a short transect (20 m in length), which has proved to be adequate for sampling many Hawaii benthic communities (see Brock 1982; Brock and Norris 1989) is used. Information is collected at each transect location using methods including a visual assessment of fishes, benthic quadrats for cover estimates of sessile forms (e.g., algae, corals, and colonial invertebrates), and counts along the transect line for diurnally exposed motile macroinvertebrates. Fish censuses are conducted over a 20 m x 4 m corridor (the permanent transect line). All fishes within this area to the water's surface are counted. A single diver equipped with scuba, slate, and pencil enters the water, then counts and notes all fishes in the prescribed area (method modified from Brock 1954). Besides counting the numbers of individuals of all fishes seen, the length of each is estimated for later use in the estimation of fish standing crop by linear regression techniques (Ricker 1975). Species-specific regression coefficients have been developed over the last 30 years by the author and others at the University of Hawaii, Naval Undersea Center (see Evans 1974), and the Hawaii Division of Aquatic Resources using weight and body measurements of captured fishes; for many species the coefficients have been developed using sample sizes in excess of a hundred individuals. For the 1990 survey two weeks were allowed to elapse from the time of station selection and marking to the time of the first fish census to reduce the bias caused by wary fishes. The same individual (the author) performs all fish censuses to reduce bias. Besides frightening wary fishes, other problems with the visual census technique include the underestimation of cryptic species such as moray eels (family Muraenidae) and nocturnal species such as squirrelfishes (family Holocentridae) and bigeyes or oaweoweo (family Priacanthidae). This problem is compounded in areas of high relief and coral coverage that afford numerous shelter sites. Species lists and abundance estimates are more accurate for areas of low relief, although some fishes with cryptic habits or protective coloration, such as scorpionfishes or nohu (family Scorpaenidae) and flatfishes (family Bothidae), might still be missed. Another problem is the reduced effectiveness of the visual census technique in turbid water. This is compounded by the difficulty of counting fishes that move quickly or are very numerous. Additionally, bias related to the experience of the census taker should be considered in making comparisons between surveys. Despite these problems, the visual census technique is probably the most accurate, nondestructive assessment method currently available for counting diurnally active fishes (Brock 1982). A number of methods are utilized to quantitatively assess benthic communities at each station, including the taking of photographs at locations marked for repeated sampling through time (each covering 0.67 m2) and the placing of 1 m x 1 m quadrats at marked locations for repeated measurements. Both the photographs and quadrats are used to estimate coverage of corals and other sessile forms. Photographs, which provide a permanent record from which to estimate coverage, were used in the eight most recent surveys (1991 through 1998); the 1 m x 1 m quadrats were used for an in-the-field appraisal of coverage in all surveys. Cover estimates from photographs and quadrats are all recorded as percent cover. Diurnally exposed motile macroinvertebrates greater than 2 cm in some dimension are censused in the same 4 m x 20 m corridor used for the fish counts. Macrothalloid algae encountered in the 1 m X 1 m quadrats or photographs were quantitatively recorded as percent cover. Emphasis was placed on those species that were visually dominant, and no attempt was made to quantitatively assess the multitude of microalgal species that constitute the algal turf so characteristic of many coral reef habitats. As requested by permit agencies, divers made simple physical measurements at the three stations while in the field. Measurements of percent oxygen concentration and temperature were made with a YSI Model 57 Oxygen meter, salinity was taken with a hand-held refractometer, and water clarity was determined using a 12-inch secchi disk. During fieldwork, an effort was made to note the presence of any green sea turtles (a threatened species) and protected marine mammals within or near the study sites. #INSTRUMENT TYPES: -SCUBA -Visual census -Photography -Percent oxygen concentration and temperature were made with a YSI Model 57 Oxygen meter, salinity was taken with a hand-held refractometer, and water clarity was determined using a 12-inch secchi disk. Process_Step: Process_Description: See "Logical Consistency Report" and Methodology section Process_Date: 19981231 Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center Contact_Person: NODC User Services Contact_Position: not applicable Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 1315 East-West Highway, SSMC3, 4th Floor City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277 or 3280 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nodc.services@noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 8:30 AM through 6:00 PM, Monday through Friday EST Contact_Instructions: Phone/e-mail/FAX/voice mail message Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: DOC Format_Version_Number: MS-Word 97 Format_Specification: None Format_Information_Content: MS Word 97 documents (completed yearly reports and associated files); redundant text files File_Decompression_Technique: Uncompressed files Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0000177 Access_Instructions: NODC Data Direct functions through standard Internet browsers; FTP capability required; access "Data Direct" through the NODC website at www.nodc.noaa.gov; go to "year 2000" and select NODC Accession # 0000177 Online_Computer_and_Operating_System: PC, Unix, Mac, standard Internet browser, FTP capability, MS-Word 97 or higher and/or compatible software suggested Fees: None Ordering_Instructions: Download through via NODC's "Data Direct" system at the NODC homepage at www.nodc.noaa.gov or contact NODC for custom order. (When requesting data from the NODC, the desired data set may be referred to by the 7-digit number given in the RESOURCE DESCRIPTION field of this metadata record) Turnaround: Usually within 24 hours or less if downloaded via the Internet Custom_Order_Process: Contact the NODC User Services Group via phone/FAX/E-mail: nodc.services@noaa.gov Technical_Prerequisites: MS-Word 97 or compatible software suggested Available_Time_Period: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20010709 Beginning_Time: Unknown Ending_Date: Present Ending_Time: Unknown Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200329 Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20030131 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Sheri Phillips Contact_Organization: NOAA/NODC Contact_Position: Oceanographer Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical address Address: 1315 East-West Highway, E/OC1, SSMC3, 4th Floor City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910 Country: U.S.A. Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3280 x127 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: sheri.phillips@noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 9:30 AM - 6 PM Monday-Thursday Contact_Instructions: E-mail, phone, FAX, mail Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001.1-1999 Metadata_Time_Convention: Local Time Metadata_Access_Constraints: None Metadata_Use_Constraints: Dataset credit to originators required Metadata_Security_Information: Metadata_Security_Classification_System: None Metadata_Security_Classification: Unclassified Metadata_Security_Handling_Description: None CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20040308045429 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 19901227 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 19980828 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000177_sand_is_reef_community.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 159