Identification_Information: Citation: Citation_Information: Originator: Dr. Donald C. Potts Originator: Ms. Daria Siciliano Originator: UCSC Publication_Date: Unpublished material Title: Hyperspectroradiometer data from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Rapid Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program of 2001 in Support of the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (NODC Accession 0001446) Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1446 Description: Abstract: The hyperspectral surveys were conducted using a hyperspectral radiometer encased in a custom-made underwater housing. The NOWRAMP expedition represents the first time an un-tethered underwater spectroradiometer was used in coral reef ecosystems. From the readings, one derives substrate reflectance, which can be directly compared to remotely sensed images. Readings were collected from the most common substrates including corals, algae, sand, rubble and pavement. Several hundred spectral readings were collected during the 2001 NWHI field campaigns. Purpose: Support benthic mapping by ground truthing remote sensing images. Supplemental_Information: NOAASupplemental: :Entry_ID: Unknown: Sensor_Name: hyperspectral radiometer; Sensor_Name: GPS; Project_Campaign: Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative; Project_Campaign: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Rapid Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program; Originating_Center: UCSC; Storage_Medium: MS Excel, MS Word, ASCII, and ENVI files; Online_size: 2358 Kbytes Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0001446 Time_Period_of_Content: Time_Period_Information: Range_of_Dates/Times: Beginning_Date: 20010913 Ending_Date: 20010924 Currentness_Reference: ground condition Status: Progress: Complete Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: None Planned Spatial_Domain: Bounding_Coordinates: West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.50 East_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.25 North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.50 South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.75 Keywords: Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Theme_Keyword: hyperspectral surveys Theme_Keyword: underwater spectroradiometer Theme_Keyword: substrate reflectance Theme_Keyword: upwelling radiance Theme_Keyword: downwelling radiance Theme_Keyword: percent reflectance Theme_Keyword: substrate type to highest possible taxonomic level (for coral and algae) Theme_Keyword: pigmentation Theme_Keyword: morphology Theme_Keyword: size of substrate Theme_Keyword: coral Theme_Keyword: coral reef ecosystem Theme_Keyword: coastal Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Hyperspectral Radiometry Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > In Situ > Hyperspectral Analysis Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Ocean Optics > Radiance Theme: Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category Theme_Keyword: biota Theme_Keyword: 002 Theme_Keyword: environment Theme_Keyword: 007 Theme_Keyword: oceans Theme_Keyword: 014 Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > French Frigate Shoals (24N166W0001) Place_Keyword: OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Northwestern Hawaiian Islands > Maro Reef (25N170W0001) Place_Keyword: COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Maro Reef (25N170W0001) Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Place_Keyword: North Pacific, Place_Keyword: Northwestern Hawaiian Islands, Place_Keyword: French Frigate Shoals, Place_Keyword: Maro Reef Place: Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region Place_Keyword: NWHI Stratum: Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None Stratum_Keyword: benthic Access_Constraints: None Use_Constraints: NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data. Point_of_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Donald Potts Contact_Organization: University of California Santa Cruz Contact_Position: Researcher Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Address: & Institute of Marine Sciences Address: A316 Earth & Marine Sciences Building City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95064 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (831) 459-4417 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: potts@biology.ucsc.edu Data_Set_Credit: University of California Santa Cruz;Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Excel, MS Word, ASCII, and ENVI (imaging software format) Data_Quality_Information: Logical_Consistency_Report: see Lineage - Process Step Completeness_Report: none Lineage: Process_Step: Process_Description: Part 1: Hyperspectral Library of Benthic Substrates. The hyperspectral surveys were conducted using a hyperspectral radiometer (Geophysical and Environmental Research Corp. New York), encased in a custom-made underwater housing. The NOWRAMP 2000 expedition represents the first time an un-tethered underwater spectroradiometer was used in coral reef ecosystems. The instrument records upwelling Radiance (uW/cm2/sr) and, in conjunction with a Spectralon reference plate, downwelling Irradiance (uW/cm2) in 512 contiguous spectral bands, each 3 nm wide, spanning the visible and near IR (350-1050 nm). The ratio of these parameters yields per cent Reflectance, the physical parameter directly comparable with remotely sensed images. Readings were collected from the most common substrates including corals, algae, sand, rubble and pavement. The spectrometer was held at a 45 degree angle from a distance of 10cm from the target substrates. The instrument was pointed in the same plane of incident sunlight facing the sun, to avoid shading the target substrate. Great care was exercised in keeping the instrument as still as possible during spectra collection. Substrate identification to the highest possible taxonomic level (for coral and algae) or a detailed description of the physical substrate were collected with each reading, along with observations on depth, pigmentation, morphology, size of substrate and photographic documentation. Spectral readings were downloaded daily onto a PC laptop. The raw output file has a header and 3 columns: (1) wavelength, (2) substrate upwelling radiance, and (3) downwelling Irradiance from reference plate. The raw data were converted to Reflectance, and all ancillary information collected in the field was entered in a spreadsheet for each individual spectral reading. Several hundred spectral readings were collected during the 2000 and 2001 NWHI field campaigns. Spectra were grouped in different clusters and analyzed to identify consistent spectral features that could reliably identify the cluster. The ancillary information on taxa, morphology, pigmentation, etc. was used to guide the groupings. Spectral clusters were transformed to a spectral library (.sli), readable by the imaging software ENVI (copyright). Spectral libraries were further analyzed for spectral similarities and differences using techniques embedded in the ENVI (copyright) software. Part 2: Ground-truthing IKONOS satellite imagery and maps Ground-truth surveys were planned with the intent to represent a wide cross-section of the physical and biological environments. Depth, wave exposure, prevailing wind direction and other physical parameters were taken into consideration in the planning of ground-truth sites to insure that all habitats were adequately represented. A stratified sampling strategy based on preliminary satellite-derived benthic habitat maps was also used. A hierarchical habitat classification specific to the NWHI was developed based on feedback from the Hawaiian scientific community. This habitat classification was then modified to address a descriptive resolution aimed at mapping reef-building vs. non-reef building areas. At each ground-truth site an estimate of coral and macroalgal cover was derived both visually and using transect and quadrat methods. Photoquadrat techniques every other meter along the transect, or a video of the entire transect, were also collected. THESE DATA ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THIS SET. All sites were geocoded using a Trimble GeoExplorer 3 12 channel GPS receiver. A subset of the ground-truth data was used to guide supervised classifications of the IKONOS satellite imagery. All classifications were performed on atmospherically-corrected, georectified, water reflectance image data using the ENVI software. The remaining ground-truth data were used to determine the accuracy of the habitat classifications using three complementary measures based on error matrices defined below. The third measure (iii) was emphasized for this research: (i) Overall accuracy, the overall degree of agreement in the matrix (itincludes the component of accuracy resulting from chance alone) (ii) User accuracy (commission error), the probability that a classifiedpixel actually represents that category on the ground. This measureis important when carrying out change detection analysis (iii) Producer accuracy (omission error), the probability that any pixel in the image has been correctly assigned to its class. This measure is important in the context of this research as the probability that habitat termed "reef-building area" is correctly classified as such, or conversely, the probability that it is omitted in the classification.INSTRUMENT TYPES: hyperspectral radiometer (Geophysical and Environmental Research Corp. New York) GPS receiver (Trimble GeoExplorer 3 12 channel) Process_Date: Unknown Process_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Daria Siciliano Contact_Organization: University of California Santa Cruz Contact_Position: graduate student Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Address: & Institute of Marine Sciences Address: A316 Earth & Marine Sciences Building City: Santa Cruz State_or_Province: CA Postal_Code: 95064 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)847-8256 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: daria@biology.ucsc.edu Entity_and_Attribute_Information: Overview_Description: Entity_and_Attribute_Overview: 1) Directory ../../data Filename format commentGER_reef_categories.xls MS Excel Reflectance (%) versus wavelength for various substrate typesGER_reef_categories.csv ASCII redundant copyNOW_RAMP_Field_Guide.doc MS Word MetadataNOW_RAMP_Field_Guide.txt ASCII redundant copy 2) Directory ../../data/GERss (where ss= 01...07)This holds the datasets, each spectrum is a separate file.The raw output file has a header and 3 columns: (1) wavelength, (2) substrate upwelling radiance, and (3) downwelling Irradiance from reference plate. Only ballpark location given (name of reefor atoll). Note from Daria Siciliano:I have no notes on where the raw GER data was taken (which atoll, or lat long), because finding out if there were any spectral differences in the SAME species of corals across the NWHI chain was not an explicit goal of the research. I collected reflectance data for a number of substrates across the chain, but did not analyze it spatially as you can see from the analysis (we do not expect there to be any variability in spectral reflectance among the same species of corals taken at different atolls). (Matching ship location, date, and atoll provides the following):SAMPLING STATIONS: Location Date DirectoryFrench Frigate Shoals 20010913 GER01French Frigate Shoals 20010914 GER02French Frigate Shoals 20010915 GER03Maro Reef 20010920 GER04Maro Reef 20010921 GER05Maro Reef 20010922 GER06Maro Reef 20010924 GER073) Directory ../../data/spec_libraryHCRI-Spectral Library-Metadata-GER readings.xls* Excel, data fileHCRI-Spectral Library-Metadata-GER readings.csv* ASCII, This is the primary data file with description of substrate type, depth,size, morphology, and link to refectance filesThe following are output from the ENVI system.categories.hdrcategories.slicoralline_ave.txtpavement_ave.txtreef_categories.hdrreef_categories.slireef_categories2.hdrreef_categories2.slitable_ave.txtDirectories GERss (ss=01...07): output from ENVI Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none Distribution_Information: Distributor: Contact_Information: Contact_Organization_Primary: Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center Contact_Person: Data Access Group, User Services Team Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing and physical Address: SSMC-3 Fourth Floor Address: 1315 East West Highway City: Silver Spring State_or_Province: MD Postal_Code: 20910-3282 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: services@nodc.noaa.gov Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday Resource_Description: Downloadable Data Distribution_Liability: NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system. Standard_Order_Process: Digital_Form: Digital_Transfer_Information: Format_Name: MS Excel, MS Word, ASCII, and ENVI files Digital_Transfer_Option: Online_Option: Computer_Contact_Information: Network_Address: Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1446 Fees: Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data. Ordering_Instructions: Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store. Metadata_Reference_Information: Metadata_Date: 20200329 Metadata_Review_Date: 20050801 Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20060801 Metadata_Contact: Contact_Information: Contact_Person_Primary: Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison Contact_Address: Address_Type: mailing Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316 Address: Dept. of Oceanography Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa City: Honolulu State_or_Province: Hawaii Postal_Code: 96822 Country: USA Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105 Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352 Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998 CoRIS: CoRIS_ID: 20081112084940 CoRIS_Children: None CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20010913 CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20010924 CoRIS_Metadata_Link: https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0001446.html CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 807