Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
20120420
CRED REA Belt Surveys of Coral Population and Disease Assessments at Kingman Reef, Pacific Remote Island Areas in 2010
spreadsheet
https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/ecosystems/coral-reefs-pacific
To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 14-19 April 2010, belt transect surveys of coral population and diseases quantitative assessments were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI1001 in the Pacific Remote Island Areas at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, there were 16 surveys in total conducted at REA sites around Kingman Reef in the Pacific Remote Island Areas.
At the specific REA sites, coral biologists along with algal biologists and marine invertebrate zoologist entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats.
As a part of REA surveys, the coral belt surveys were focused on quantifying the diversity, abundance, density, and size-class distribution of the anthozoan and hydrozoan corals as well as the condition and health state of the coral reef populations. The surveys were conducted along two consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The belt width was 1-m wide, 0.5-m on each side of the transect line.
Within each 25m transect, five 2.5-meter segments were surveyed (beginning at points: 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 meters), whereby in each segment, all coral colonies whose center fell within 0.5m of either side of the transect line were identified to the lowest taxonomic level possible (genus or species) and two planar size metrics were collected: maximum diameter and diameter perpendicular to the maximum diameter. In addition, the extent of mortality, both recent and old, was estimated for each colony. Observers paid special attention to identifying as best as possible the extent of the former live colony.
When a coral colony exhibited signs of disease or compromised health, additional information was recorded including type of affliction (bleaching, skeletal growth anomaly, white syndrome, tissue loss other than white syndrome, trematodiasis, necrosis, other, pigmentation responses, algal overgrowth, and predation), severity of the affliction (mild, moderate, marked, severe, acute), as well as photographic documentation and sometimes tissue samples. Tissue samples were catalogued and fixed in buffered zinc-formalin solution for further histopathological analyses.
Raw survey data included species presence and relative abundance, colony counts per taxon, size (width and length), mortality, predation, and health status. A surveyed area was ranging from 10m2 to 25m2 per site.
Part of a long-term monitoring program at biennial intervals which documents the state of the reefs.
Maximum depth was 20 meters.
Corals genera and disease observed:
Year Region Island SPC_Code Species List
2010 PRIA Kingman ACSP Acropora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman ACYT Acropora cytherea
2010 PRIA Kingman AGEM Acropora gemmifera
2010 PRIA Kingman AHYA Acropora hyacinthus
2010 PRIA Kingman ALSP Alveopora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman ANOB Acropora nobilis
2010 PRIA Kingman ASSP Astreopora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman CADH Cryptodendrum adhesivum
2010 PRIA Kingman CRSP Cryptodendrum sp
2010 PRIA Kingman DESP Dendronephthya sp
2010 PRIA Kingman DISC Discosoma sp
2010 PRIA Kingman DISS Distichopora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman ECHL Echinophyllia sp
2010 PRIA Kingman FASP Favia sp
2010 PRIA Kingman FAVO Fungia/Cycloseris/Diaseris
2010 PRIA Kingman FAVS Favites sp
2010 PRIA Kingman FSCU Fungia scutaria
2010 PRIA Kingman FSTE Favia stelligera
2010 PRIA Kingman FUSP Fungia sp
2010 PRIA Kingman GPEC Goniastrea pectinata
2010 PRIA Kingman GPLA Gardinoseris planulata
2010 PRIA Kingman HERS Herpolitha sp
2010 PRIA Kingman HETS Heteractis sp
2010 PRIA Kingman HEXE Hydnophora exesa
2010 PRIA Kingman HLIM Herpolitha limax
2010 PRIA Kingman HMIC Hydnophora microconnos
2010 PRIA Kingman HPIL Halomitra pileus
2010 PRIA Kingman HYSP Hydnophora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman LEPT Leptastrea sp
2010 PRIA Kingman LMYC Leptoseris myceteroides
2010 PRIA Kingman LOBP Lobophytum sp
2010 PRIA Kingman LOBS Lobophyllia sp
2010 PRIA Kingman LPUR Leptastrea purpurea
2010 PRIA Kingman LTRA Leptastrea transversa
2010 PRIA Kingman MAEQ Montipora aequtibellata
2010 PRIA Kingman MCAP Montipora capitata
2010 PRIA Kingman MCUR Montastrea curta
2010 PRIA Kingman MINC Montipora incrassata
2010 PRIA Kingman MONS Montastrea sp
2010 PRIA Kingman MOSP Montipora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman MPAT Montipora patula
2010 PRIA Kingman MTUB Montipora tuberculosa
2010 PRIA Kingman OCRI Oulophyllia crispa
2010 PRIA Kingman PACH Pachyclavularia sp
2010 PRIA Kingman PASP Palythoa sp
2010 PRIA Kingman PAVS Pavona sp
2010 PRIA Kingman PCLA Pavona clavus
2010 PRIA Kingman PCOM Porites compressa
2010 PRIA Kingman PDUE Pavona duerdeni
2010 PRIA Kingman PEVE Porites evermanni
2010 PRIA Kingman PEYD Pocillopora eydouxi
2010 PRIA Kingman PHAI Psammocora haimeana
2010 PRIA Kingman PLDA Platygyra daedalea
2010 PRIA Kingman PLOB Porites lobata
2010 PRIA Kingman PLSP Platygyra sp
2010 PRIA Kingman PMAL Pavona maldivensis
2010 PRIA Kingman PMEA Pocillopora meandrina
2010 PRIA Kingman POCS Pocillopora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman POSP Porites sp
2010 PRIA Kingman PPIN Platygyra pini
2010 PRIA Kingman PRUS Porites rus
2010 PRIA Kingman PSSP Psammocora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman PSTE Psammocora stellata
2010 PRIA Kingman PVAR Pavona varians
2010 PRIA Kingman PVAU Porites vaughani
2010 PRIA Kingman RHSP Rhodactis sp
2010 PRIA Kingman SARS Sarcophyton sp
2010 PRIA Kingman SISP Sinularia sp
2010 PRIA Kingman SPIS Stylophora pistillata
2010 PRIA Kingman STER Steroenepthya sp
2010 PRIA Kingman STIS Stichodactyla sp
2010 PRIA Kingman STYL Stylaster sp
2010 PRIA Kingman STYS Stylophora sp
2010 PRIA Kingman TREN Turbinaria reniformis
Year Region Island DZ_Code Diseases Present
2010 PRIA Kingman WSY Acute tissue loss - White syndrome
2010 PRIA Kingman ALG Algal infection
2010 PRIA Kingman BIN Barnacle Infestation
2010 PRIA Kingman BLE Bleaching
2010 PRIA Kingman CYA Cyanophyte infection
2010 PRIA Kingman DIS Discolorations other than bleaching
2010 PRIA Kingman HYP Hyperpigmenation response
2010 PRIA Kingman OTH Other
2010 PRIA Kingman PRE Predation
2010 PRIA Kingman SGA Skeletal growth anomalies
2010 PRIA Kingman TLS Sub-actue tissue loss
2010 PRIA Kingman TIN Tube worm infestation
20100414
20100419
Ground condition
asNeeded
-162.518212
-162.323318
6.472618
6.360557
NCEI Geoportal FilterCoRIS_MetadataCRCP ProjectPacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the U.S. Pacific Islands and Atolls1221Incidence and characterization of coral diseases in the U.S. Pacific Islands1841
None
Marine Ecosystem
Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP)
Rapid Ecoligical Assessments (REA)
Coral Reef
Coral
Pacific Remote Island Areas
Kingman Reef
HI1001
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology > Coral cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Rapid assessment studies
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Numeric Data Sets > Biology
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
002
None
Pacific Remote Island Areas
Kingman Reef
None
Line Islands
Kingman Reef
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Line Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > USA Minor Outlying Islands > Kingman Reef (06N162W0001)
CoRIS Region
PRIA
Data are available two years following data collection date.
Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
Kerry Grimshaw, Jason Heyler, Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
Not applicable
Unclassified
Not applicable
Oracle
Observations were made by two divers who are experts in coral biology. The population parameter survey is conducted one time per site per survey year; it is not replicated.
With the exception of the non-quantitative survey along the backreef, the same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location, and were conducted by the same scientists.
The survey sites were selected to be representative of the dominant habitats at this reef system. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded the team from surveying windward or exposed sites.
GPS unit
1
Instrument parameters
Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge
0.3
Instrument parameters
REA surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral, algae, and other macroinvertebrate communities. The majority of REA surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes of individual islands at depths between 10 and 20 m. However, additional habitats including lagoonal-type patch reef and offshore oceanic banks were surveyed when they existed. During REA surveys, biological assessment teams follow highly structured protocols that are repeated at each REA site. Upon arrival at an REA site, divers entered the water and deployed two 25 m transect lines which are shared with coral surveys that gather community structure, diversity, recruitment, and health status data. The sampling effort takes between 60 and 80 min to complete. The selection of REA sites was made in close consultation with local agencies. Factors considered during REA site selection included: (1) ensuring a range of sample sites representative of the benthic and reef fish habitats around each island; (2) selecting a mixture of sites within and outside of marine protected areas; (3) selecting a mixture of both 'impacted' and 'least impacted' sites; (4) selecting some sites adjacent to local villages; and (5) selecting a number of sites that could be compared to and complement previous assessment and monitoring work as well as future coral reef monitoring proposed by local agencies. It is important to note that access to REA sites can be limited by wave exposure, weather conditions, and other environmental factors such as currents, which can affect the ability to re-survey sites between years. Transect placement was guided by: (1) a focus on hard-bottom communities; (2) deploying lines along an isobath to the extent possible at each site, and (3) laying the transect lines into the prevailing current.
Unknown
0.0001
0.0001
Decimal Degrees
World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS84)
Geodetic Reference System 80 (GRS80)
6378137
298.2572236
Local surface
1
meters
Explicit Depth Coordinate Included with Horizontal Coordinates
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
Offline Data
While every effort has been made to ensure that these data are accurate and reliable within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NOAA makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.
XLS (Microsoft Excel worksheet)
CDROM, or email
ISO 9660
None if receiving the data online
Contact CRED data management team for information
Contact CRED data management team for information
20190605
20101021
Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)
mailing and physical address
NOAA IRC
NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
Honolulu
HI
96818
USA
808 725-5360
808 725-5429
nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
e-mail preferred
the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001-1998
20101021013036
None
20100414
20100419
https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/cred_rea_coral_kingman_2010.html
6014