Dr. Brian Tissot
Coordinator, Science Programs
Dept. of Environmental Science & Regional Planning
Washington State University Vancouver
4204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue
Vancouver, WA 98686-9600
Ph: (360)546-9611; FAX: (360)546-9037
E-mail: Tissot@vancouver.wsu.edu
Web: http://www.coralreefs.hawaii.edu
Institution during data collection:
Kalakaua Marine Educational Center
University of Hawaii at Hilo
Hilo, Hawaii
Unknown
Unknown
Monitoring of reef ecosystems (QUEST project), HI, (NODC Accession 0000264)
none
Database
Hilo, Hawaii
Kalakaua Marine Educational Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo
In an effort to detect spatial and temporal changes in the structure of the coral reef community, coral coverage and reef fish density and diversity were documented at selected sites along the coastline of the Big Island of Hawaii using standard transect methodology and SCUBA. The data were collected as training for students within the Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques (QUEST) Program of the Kalakaua Marine Educational Center at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. Several sites have been established. This database contains surveys for Puako and Mahukona from 1992 - 1999. Because of the disparity of experience among the student observers, this data set contains a much higher margin of error than like surveys by professional coral reef scientists.
QUEST is a coral reef workshop taught at the University of Hawaii at Hilo that is designed specifically to train students in a comprehensive suite of modern reef monitoring techniques. The classroom curriculum is designed to provide students basic background on faunal identification, coral reef ecology, surveying methods, experimental design, statistics, data processing, report writing, and oral presentation. The surveying methods taught were selected because they are widely utilized by the scientific community, easy to teach, and logistically practical in most field situations.
Description of sampling stations:
1. Puako 19 58N 155 51W
Puako is located on the Kohala coast of the island of Hawai'i.
Considered by many people to be one of the most spectacular reefs in
the state, Puako is also one of the most well developed fringing reefs
on the island. Located north of the Mauna Lani hotel complex and south
of Hapuna Beach, the reef spans several kilometers of low lying areas
lightly developed by residential housing. The area is largely protected
by open ocean swells except large winter swells and Kona storms.
Corals are sparsely abundant on the reef flat, which extends from the shore
to about 200 meters offshore. The reef flat is an area of relatively high
wave energy characterized by highly variable coral cover, primarily lobe
coral (Porites lobata) and cauliflower coral (Pocillopora meadrina). Mobile
invertebrates are conspicuous, especially collector urchins (Tripneustes
gratilla), rock boring urchins (Echinometra mathaea), and black sea
cucumbers (Holothuria atra). Fishes reach there highest diversity here
dominated by plant-grazing surgeon fishes such as yellow tangs (Zebrasoma
flavescens), achilles tangs (Acanthurus achilles), convict tangs
(Acanthurus triostegus), and moorish idols (Zanclus cornutus). Spotted
puffers (Arothron meleagris) and lei triggersfish (Sufflamen bursa) are
also common along with saddle wrasses (Thalassoma duperrey).
Following the reef flat is a vertical drop-off of 3-6 meters which leads
to the main Puako reef. This is area of caves and crevices filled with
encrusting corals and sponges. Tube corals (Tubastraea coccinea), best
observed at night, cover many of the walls creating orange carpets. Other
corals, such as species of the genus Leptoseris and Pavona, are also common.
Black sea urchins, mainly Echinothrix diadema and E. calamaris, are
common in holes on the walls. Green sea turtles (Chelonia midas) are commonly
found sleeping in caves. This threatened species feeds on seaweeds growing on
the vertical cliffs and reef flat, especially members of the red seaweed
genus Pterocladia. Turtles are also commonly seen sleeping in depressions
on the main reef and gracefully swimming over the bottom. Schools of small
fish may occasionally be seen feeding off the seaweeds and encrusting
invertebrates on the backs of green sea turtles.
"EAST" refers to the eastmost entrance to the Puako area. Surveys
are straight out from this entrance.
"West" refers to the westmost entrance area.
2. Mahukona: 20 10N 155 53W
Mahukona is a pristine reef with a high coral cover bench and a
gentle reef slope. The small exposed bay is located on the North Kohala
coast of the island of Hawai'i about 10 miles north of Kawaihae. Once the
main port for shipping of Kohala Sugar, the area now is a diving
site with an area for launching small boats.The area is exposed to heavy winter swells, so
if the surf is up it is often not accessible.
As you move offshore away from the wreck of the SS Kauai you can skirt the edge of the reef
which offers stunning contrasts between white coral sand and large, colorful
coral colonies. Lizardfish (Synodus spp.) are common on
the sand, often sitting in pairs, waiting for small fish to cruise by.
Sea cucumbers are also abundant in these areas. During the winter these
sandy areas can be quite murky when runoff from the small stream near the
harbor entrance flows into the bay. On the reef invertebrates are abundant
and this is one of the few areas that consistently has a few Crown-of-Thorn
Seastars (Acanthaster planci).
"INNER" refers to the shallowest transect and "OUTER" refers to
the deepest dive. Due to variable surge levels during different
dive days, the exact same transect line is not repeated since
it could have been too dangerous to undertake.
Resource Description: NODC Accession number 0000264
19920522
Unknown
19990522
Unknown
ground condition
None planned
Puako and Mahukona reefs along the coastline of the island of Hawaii
-155.89
-155.85
20.17
19.97
NCEI Geoportal FilterCoRIS_Metadata
CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Numeric Data Sets > Biology
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Reef Habitat > Description
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Baseline studies
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Reef Fish Census
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Monitoring and Assessment > Benthos Analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Ecological Dynamics
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish > Fish Census
ISO 19115 Topic Category
biota
002
CoRIS Place Thesaurus
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii > Puako (19N155W0001)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Puako (19N155W0001)
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Hawaii Island > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Hawaii > Hawaii Island (19N155W0003)
none
Mahukona
CoRIS Region
MHI
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Vegetation > Algae
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Fish
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
ITIS organization and partners: U.S. Department of Agriculture; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; U.S. Geological Survey; Smithsonian Institution; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency; National Biological Information Infrastructure; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; U.S. National Park Service; Conabio (Comisión nacional para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad - Mexico)
20020602
Unknown
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
None
Database
World Wide Web at URL: http://www.itis.usda.gov/itis_query.html
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) organization and partners
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS) was utilized as an aid to complete upper level species classifications FOR THIS METADATA RECORD ONLY. No original data was altered at the NODC.
Students from within the UH/community college system are required to demonstrate competence in faunal identification prior to being accepted to QUEST. Each participating campus offers a series of identification workshops to introduce students to common Hawaiian coral reef organisms. The current species identification list, supported by a species ID videotape, consists of approximately 80 species of fishes, 65 invertebrates, and 50 algae. Students coming from outside the UH system are taught species identification during QUEST prior to field application of surveying methods.
The following species were not identified using Classification System Authorities:
P. flabellata
P. gardneri
M. hispida
L. malusuula
N. annelata
P. rubra
Perona spp.
Compressa W.
Data recorded to genus and species level when possible.
Kingdoms
Animalia, Plantae
Kingdom
Animalia
animals
Phylum
Cnidaria
cnidarians, coelenterates
Class
Anthozoa
corals, flower animals, sea anemones
Order
Scleractinia
stony corals
Family
Acroporidae
Genus
Montipora
Species
Montipora sp.
Species
Montipora patula
Family
Pocilloporidae
Genus
Pocillopora
Species
Pocillopora sp.
Family
Agariciidae
Genus
Pavona
Species
Pavona duerdeni
Species
Pavona varians
Family
Poritidae
Genus
Porites
Species
Porites sp.
Species
Porites lobata
Family
Fungiidae
Genus
Fungia
Species
Fungia scutaria
Family
Faviidae
Genus
Cyphastrea
Species
Cyphastrea sp.
Phylum
Porifera
sponges
Class
unidentified
Order
unidentified
Family
unidentified
Genus
unidentified
Species
unidentified
Phylum
Chordata
chordates
Class
Actinopterygii
ray-finned fishes, spiny rayed fishes
Order
Perciformes
perch-like fishes
Family
Pomacentridae
damselfishes
Genus
Abudefduf
sergeant majors
Species
Abudefduf abdominalis (= syn. Glyphisodon abdominalis)
banded damselfish
Genus
Chromis
Species
Chromis agilis
rusty chromis
Species
Chromis hanui
Species
Chromis ovalis (= syn. Chromis velox, Heliastes ovalis)
Species
Chromis vanderbilti (= syn. Pycnochromis vanderbilti)
Genus
Dascyllus
Species
Dascyllus albisella (= syn. Dascyllus edmondsoni)
Hawaiian dascyllus
Hawaiian threespot damselfish
spot dascyllus
threespot damsel
Genus
Plectroglyphidodon
Species
Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis (= syn. Abudefduf imparipennis, Abudefduf iwasakii, Chromis elaphrus, Chrysiptera prughi, Glyphisodon imparipennis, Oliglyphisodon caeruleomaculatus)
brighteye damselfish
stop-start damsel
Species
Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus (= syn. Plectroglyphidodon nitidus)
Genus
Stegastes
Species
Stegastes fasciolatus (= syn. Eupomacentrus marginatus, Eupomacentrus paschalis, Pomacentrus atrilabiatus, Pomacentrus craticulus, Pomacentrus fasciolatus, Pomacentrus jenkinsi, Pomacentrus luteobrunneus, Pomacentrus vanderbilti)
Family
Acanthuridae
surgeonfishes, tangs
Genus
Acanthurus
common surgeonfishes, doctorfishes, lancetfishes
surgeonfishes, tangs
Species
Acanthurus achilles
redspot tang
Species
Acanthurus dussumieri
Species
Acanthurus leucopareius
whitethroated surgeonfish
Species
Acanthurus mata
tailring surgeon
Species
Acanthurus nigrofuscus
Species
Acanthurus nigroris
Species
Acanthurus olivaceus
orangespot tang
Species
Acanthurus triostegus
convictfish
Genus
Ctenochaetus
Species
Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis
chevron tang
Genus
Naso
nosefishes, unicornfishes
Species
Naso lituratus (= syn. Acanthurus lituratus)
Species
Naso unicornis
brown unicornfish
Genus
Zanclus
Species
Zanclus cornutus (= syn. Zanclus canescens)
Genus
Zebrasoma
Species
Zebrasoma flavescens
yellow tang
Family
Apogonidae
cardinalfishes
Genus
Apogon
cardinalfishes, common cardinalfishes
cardinalfishes, common cardinalfishes
Species
Apogon sp.
Family
Labridae
parrotfishes, rainbowfishes, wrasses
Genus
Bodianus
hogfishes
Species
Bodianus bilunulatus (= syn. Bodianus bilunulatus albotaeniatus, Bodianus bilunulatus bilinulatus, Bodianus bilunulatus bilunulatus, Cossyphus albotaeniatus, Cossyphus bilunulatus, Crenilabrus modestus, Labrus bilunulatus, Lepidaplois albotaeniatus)
a'awa
Genus
Oxycheilinus
Species
Oxycheilinus unifasciatus (= syn. Cheilinus cingulatus, Cheilinus hexagonatus, Cheilinus polygramma, Cheilinus unifasciatus, Cheilinus zonurus, Chilinus hexagonatus)
ringtail wrasse
Genus
Coris
rainbow wrasses
Species
Coris flavovittata (= syn. Coris eydouxii, Coris lepomi, Julis eydouxii, Julis flavovittatus)
Species
Coris gaimard (= syn. Coris gaimard speciosa, Coris greenoughii, Coris greenovii, Coris pulcherrima, Julis gaimard, Julis ganymede, Julis greenovii, Julis leucorhynchos, Julis pulcherrima)
Species
Coris venusta (= syn. Hemicoris remedius)
Genus
Gomphosus
bird fishes, bird wrasses
Species
Gomphosus varius (= syn. Gomphosus cepedianus, Gomphosus fuscus, Gomphosus nasutus, Gomphosus notostigma, Gomphosus pacificus, Gomphosus pectoralis, Gomphosus sandvicensis, Gomphosus tricolor, Gomphosus undulatus, Gomphosus viridis, Thalassoma stuckiae)
birdfish
Genus
Halichoeres
wrasses
Species
Halichoeres ornatissimus (= syn. Halichoeres iridescens, Halichoeres lao, Julis ornatissimus)
Genus
Labroides
Species
Labroides phthirophagus
Genus
Pseudojuloides
Species
Pseudojuloides cerasinus (= syn. Leptojulis cerasinus, Pseudojulis cerasina)
Genus
Pseudocheilinus
Species
Pseudocheilinus octotaenia (= syn. Pseudocheilinus margaretae)
Species
Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia
Genus
Stethojulis
'omaka
Species
Stethojulis balteata (= syn. Julis axillaris, Julis balteatus, Stethojulis axillaris)
Genus
Thalassoma
Species
Thalassoma ballieui (= syn. Julis ballieui, Julis obscura, Julis verticalis)
gray wrasse
Species
Thalassoma duperreyi (= syn. Julis caeruleocephalus, Julis clepsydralis, Julis duperrey, Thalassoma pyrrhovinctum)
saddle wrasse
Family
Pomacanthidae
angelfishes
Genus
Centropyge
Species
Centropyge loriculus (= syn. Centropyge flammeus, Holacanthus loriculus)
Species
Centropyge potteri (= syn. Holacanthus potteri)
Potter's angelfish
Genus
Apolemichthys
Species
Apolemichthys arcuatus (= syn. Holacanthus arcuatus)
bandit angelfish
Family
Chaetodontidae
butterflyfishes
Genus
Chaetodon
butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon auriga (= syn. Chaetodon sebanus, Chaetodon setifer)
threadfin butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon lunulatus (trifasiatus)
Species
Chaetodon lunula (= syn. Chaetodon biocellatus, Chaetodon lunulatus, Pomacentrus lunula)
redstriped butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon multicinctus
pebbled butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon miliaris (= syn. Chaetodon mantelliger)
crochet butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon ornatissimus (= syn. Chaetodon lydiae, Chaetodon ornatissimus kaupi)
ornated butterflyfish
Species
Chaetodon quadrimaculatus
fourspot butterflyfish
Genus
Forcipiger
Species
Forcipiger sp.
Species
Forcipiger flavissimus
longnose butterflyfish
Family
Cirrhitidae
hawkfishes
Genus
Cirrhitops
Species
Cirrhitops fasciatus
--
Genus
Cirrhitus
Species
Cirrhitus pinnulatus
oopukai
redspotted hawkfish
Genus
Paracirrhites
Species
Paracirrhites forsteri
blacksided hawkfish
Species
Paracirrhites arcatus
whitelined hawkfish
Family
Serranidae
groupers, sea basses
Genus
Cephalopholis
Species
Cephalopholis argus (= syn. Cephalopholis guttatus, Epinephelus argus)
peacock hind
Family
Carangidae
jacks, pompanos
Genus
Elagatis
runners
Species
Elagatis bipinnulata
rainbow runner
Genus
Decapterus
mackerel scads, round scads
Species
Decapterus macarellus
mackerel scad
Family
Blenniidae
blennies, combtooth blennies, scaleless blennies
Genus
Exallias
Species
Exallias brevis
leopard roadskipper
pao'o kauila
Family
Kyphosidae
pilotfishes, rudderfishes, sea chubs
Genus
Kyphosus
rudderfishes
Species
Kyphosus sp.
Family
Lutjanidae
sea perches, snappers
Genus
Lutjanus
common snappers, snappers
Species
Lutjanus fulvus
blacktail snapper
flame-colored snapper
yellow margined sea perch
Species
Lutjanus kasmira
bluebanded sea perch
bluestriped snapper
common bluestripe snapper
Family
Lethrinidae
porgies, rudderfishes, scavengers
Genus
Monotaxis
Species
Monotaxis grandoculis
bigeye barenose
humpnose big-eye bream
roundtoothed large-eyed bream
Family
Mullidae
goat fishes
Genus
Mulloidichthys
Species
Mulloidichthys flavolineatus (= syn. Mulloidichthys samoensis)
yellowstripe goatfish
Species
Mulloidichthys vanicolensis
vanikolo goatfish
Genus
Parupeneus
Species
Parupeneus bifasciatus
Species
Parupeneus multifasciatus
Species
Parupeneus porphyreus
Species
Parupeneus cyclostomus
Species
Parupeneus sp.
Family
Priacanthidae
bigeyes, catalufas
Genus
Priacanthus
bigeyes
Species
Priacanthus sp.
Family
Scaridae
parrotfishes
Genus
Chlorurus
Species
Chlorurus perspicillatus (= syn. Scarus ahula, Scarus barborus, Scarus borborus, Scarus kraussi, Scarus leucostigma, Scarus miniatus, Scarus perspicillatus)
(Additional syns: Callyodon rostratus, Pseudoscarus goldiei, Pseudoscarus margaritus, Pseudoscarus platodoni, Pseudoscarus vitriolinus)
Species
Chlorurus sordidus (= syn. Scarus sordidus, Callyodon albipunctatus, Callyodon bipallidus, Callyodon cyanogrammus, Callyodon erythrodon, plus others)
Genus
Scarus
parrotfishes
Species
Scarus psittacus (= syn. Callyodon bataviensis, Callyodon erythacus, Callyodon forsteri, Callyodon hornbosteli, Callyodon oktodon, Pseudoscarus filholi, Pseudoscarus forskalii, Pseudoscarus labiosus, Pseudoscarus oktodon, Scarus balinensis)
palenose parrotfish
Species
Scarus rubroviolaceus (= syn. Callyodon africanus, Callyodon macleayi, Callyodon ruberrimus, Margaritodon africanus, Pseudoscarus frontalis, plus others)
(Additional syns: Pseudoscarus heliotropinus, Pseudoscarus jordani, Pseudoscarus rostratus, Scarops jordani, Scarops rubroviolaceus)
Order
Tetraodontiformes
cowfishes, filefishes, leatherjackets, puffers, triggerfishes, trunkfishes
Family
Tetraodontidae
blowfishes, globefishes, puffers, rabbitfishes, swellfishes, toadfishes
Genus
Arothron
fat puffers
Species
Arothron meleagris
'opu hue
Genus
Canthigaster
sharpnosed puffers
Species
Canthigaster jactator
whitespotted toby
Family
Balistidae
filefishes, triggerfishes
Genus
Cantherhines
Species
Cantherhines sp.
Genus
Melichthys
Species
Melichthys vidua
black durgon
Species
Melichthys vidua
humhumu hiukoli
pinktail
Genus
Pervagor
Species
Pervagor spilosoma
Genus
Rhinecanthus
Species
Rhinecanthus aculeatus (= syn. Balistapus aculeatus, Balistes aculeatus)
picasso fish
striped triggerfish
Species
Rhinecanthus rectangulus (= syn. Balistapus rectangulus, Balistapus retangulus, Balistes rectangulus)
rectangular triggerfish
Genus
Sufflamen
Species
Sufflamen bursa (= syn. Balistes bursa)
Genus
Xanthichthys
Species
Xanthichthys auromarginatus (= syn. Balistes auromarginatus)
Family
Diodontidae
burrfishes, porcupinefishes
Genus
Diodon
porcupinefishes
Species
Diodon holocanthus (= syn. Diodon maculifer)
balloonfish
Species
Diodon hystrix
porcupinefish
Family
Ostraciidae
boxfishes, cofferfishes, cowfishes, trunkfishes
Genus
Ostracion
trunkfishes
Species
Ostracion meleagris
pahu
Order
Gasterosteiformes
pipefishes, sticklebacks
Family
Aulostomidae
cornetfishes, trumpetfishes
Genus
Aulostomus
trumpetfishes
Species
Aulostomus chinensis
painted flute
Family
Fistulariidae
cornetfishes
Genus
Fistularia
Species
Fistularia commersoni
Order
Anguilliformes
eels
Family
Muraenidae
moray eels, morays
Genus
Gymnothorax
common morays
Species
Gymnothorax sp.
Order
Beryciformes
Family
Holocentridae
soldierfishes, squirrelfishes
Genus
Myripristis
Species
Myripristis sp.
Genus
unknown
Species
Sargocentron sp.
Order
Scorpaeniformes
scorpion fishes, sculpins
Family
Scorpaenidae
firefishes, goblinfishes, rockfishes, scorpionfishes
Genus
Scorpaena
scorpionfishes
Species
Scorpaena sp.
Order
Aulopiformes
salmons
Family
Synodontidae
lizardfishes
Genus
Synodus
lizard fishes, sharpnose lizardfishes
Species
Synodus sp.
Phylum
Mollusca
molluscs, mollusks
Class
Gastropoda
gastropods, slugs, snails
Order
Neogastropoda
Family
Conidae
Genus
Conus
Species
Conus sp.
Family
Muricidae
Genus
Morula
Species
Morula sp.
Family
Thaididae
Genus
Drupa
Species
Drupa sp.
Phylum
Echinodermata
echinoderms
Class
Echinoidea
heart urchins, sand dollars, sea urchins
Order
Echinoida
Family
Echinometridae
Genus
Echinometra
Species
Echinometra mathaei
Species
Echinometra oblonga
Genus
Heterocentrotus
Species
Heterocentrotus mammillatus
Order
Cidaroida
pencil urchins
Family
Cidaridae
Genus
Chondrocidaris
Species
Chondrocidaris gigantea
Genus
Eucidaris
Species
Eucidaris metularia
Order
Diadematoida
Family
Diadematidae
Genus
Echinothrix
Species
Echinothrix calamaris
Species
Echinothrix diadema
Order
Temnopleuroida
Family
Toxopneustidae
Genus
Tripneustes
Species
Tripneustes gratilla
Class
Stelleroidea
star fishes
Order
Ophiurida
basket stars, serpent stars
Family
Ophiocomidae
Genus
Ophiocoma
Species
Ophiocoma sp.
Phylum
Annelida
annelids
Class
Polychaeta
paddle-footed annelids, polychaetes
Order
Canalipalpata
Family
Terebellidae
Genus
Lanice
Species
Lanice conchilega
Family
Sabellidae
Genus
Sabellastarte
Species
Sabellastarte sanctijosephi
Family
Serpulidae
Genus
Spirobranchus
Species
Spirobranchus gigantea
Phylum
Arthropoda
arthropods
Class
Malacostraca
Order
Decapoda
crabs, crayfishes, lobsters, prawns, shrimp
Family
Paguridae
right-handed hermit crabs
Genus
unidentified
Species
unidentified
Kingdom
Plantae
plants
Division
Chlorophycota
green algae
Class
Chlorophyceae
Order
Caulerpales
Genus
Codiaceae
Genus
Halimeda
calcareous green algae
Species
Halimeda sp.
Order
Siphonocladales
Family
Valoniaceae
Genus
Microdictyon
green algae
Species
Microdictyon japonicum
Order
Dasycladales
Family
Dasycladaceae
Genus
Neomeris
Species
Neomeris sp.
Division
Rhodophycota
red algae
Class
Rhodophyceae
Order
Nemaliales
Family
Gelidiaceae
Genus
Pterocladia
Species
Pterocladia sp.
Order
Cryptonemiales
Family
Corallinaceae
Genus
Porolithon
Species
Porolithon onkodes
Division
Ochrophyta
brown algae; golden-brown algae
diatoms, chrysophyceans, silicoflagellates, phaeophyceans (brown algae)
micro to giant kelps
Class
Phaeophyceae
Order
Scytosiphonales
brown seaweed, brown algae
Family
Scytosiphonaceae
Genus
Colpomenia
Species
Colpomenia sinuosa
brown bagweed
None
Dataset credit required. NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.
Dr. Brian Tissot
Washington State University Vancouver
Coordinator, Science Programs
mailing address
14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue
Vancouver
WA
98686-9600
U.S.A.
(360) 546-9611
(360) 546-9037
Tissot@vancouver.wsu.edu
Mon-Fri 9-5PM Pacific Time
Phone/FAX/letter/e-mail
Dr. Brian Tissot, QUEST project, Kalakaua Marine Educational Center, University of Hawaii at Hilo
unclassified
none
unclassified
MS Access 97, MS EXCEL 97
See the 'Methodology Description' section of this metadata record for potential sources of error for methods that were used to collect this data set.
The data were collected as training for students within the Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques (QUEST) Program of the Kalakaua Marine Educational Center at the University of Hawaii at Hilo. This database contains surveys for Puako and Mahukona from 1992 - 1999. Because of the disparity of experience among the student observers, this data set ptentially contains a higher margin of error than similar surveys by professional coral reef scientists.
Field
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Baseline studies
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Belt transect
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Rapid assessment studies
None
fixed width strip transect
visual transect method
rapid visual assessment
The QUEST design involves collecting samples from two 50 meter transects
in each of two areas: the reef flat at 3 m depth and the main reef at 10
m depth. Transects generally parallel depth contours and the shoreline.
Each year in May students resurvey the same areas and compare
the data to previous years to look for changes in the coral community.
Methods employed to survey fishes include fish strip transects and rapid visual transects.
Excerpts from Hallacher and Tissot, 1999:
SURVEYING FISHES
In the field QUEST students practice two fish surveying methods:
strip transect (SST) and rapid visual transect (RVT). They are
relatively unbiased.
The Strip Transect is similar to the "Brock" method. It consists of
a fixed width strip transect. The method is used to estimate the
densities of fishes, because it not provides information on species
present, but also on their abundance per unit of survey area. A
transect line is deployed on the bottom, most often parallel to
shore along a specific depth contour. Divers wait for fishes
distrurbed by the deployment process to resume normal activity
patterns, and then proceed down the transect line, one on each side,
recording all fishes seen in the water column an on the bottom on
their side of the transect line. Data are recorded onto a pre-prepared
data sheet attached to an underwater slate. Each diver searches a lane
approximately 3 meters wide on each side of the transect line
extending 50 m in length. The transect size that is finally decided upon
depends upon the community being sampled, although the length should allow
transects to be searched completely within the boundaries of a particular
habitat type (i.e. lagoon, reef flat, reef slope). This visual transect
method has several potential sources of error. The most common is
the underestimation of the individuals present (Brock 1982). Also
cryptic or rare species will often be missed. Shoaling fishes are
especially likely to be underestimated. Mobile species maybe
overestimated if they are counted several times.
Rapid Visual Transect:
Jones and Thompson (1978) developed this technique for estimating
the relative abundance of fishes. It is based on the assumption that
the probability of encountering a species increases with the abundance.
It assumes the more common species will be the first ones seen. It
is based on the inverse relationship between abundance and the average
time to first encounter. The observer swims freely within the target
habitat for a specified period of time (50 minutes). The survey period
is divided into intervals (10 min each). Each species sighted is recorded
only once and assigned to the time interval in which it was first seen.
Species are assigned scores based on the interval in which they
were seen:
Time Interval Score
0-10 min 1 5
10-20 min 2 4
20-30 min 3 3
30-40 min 4 2
40-50 min 5 1
The species with the highest score is the most abundant, while the
species with the lowest score is the rarest. Compared to SST,
RVT overemphasizes the importance of widespread, though rarer species,
while under-estimating patchy but abundat fishes. On coral reefs
where ichthyofauna would best be characterized as having a large
number of relatively rare species, this method is likely to overestimate
the relative abundance of many species.
L. Hallacher and B. Tissot
19991231
Unknown
Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques: A Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop
None
Conference proceedings
Honolulu, Hawaii
East-West Center and the Hawaii Dept. of Natural Resources
Proceedings of the Hawaii Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop, June 9-11, 1998.
http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/quest/Quest1998.PDF
Field
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > Photograph analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring > In situ
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Photographic analysis > Videography
None
Quadrat intersect method
Percent cover estimates
video quadrats
Methods employed to survey attached epi-fauna and -flora include quadrat intersects, percent area estimation, and photoquadrat and video quadrat analysis.
Excerpts from Hallacher and Tissot, 1999:
SURVEYING ATTACHED EPIFAUNA AND EPIFLORA
Four methods of surveying attached organisms like corals and algae
are used by QUEST. Quadrats are square and range in area from 0.25 to 1.0
meters**2. They are made of PVC pipe, which is weighted with lead and
drilled to permit water to fill the piping upon submersion. Photoquadrats
are taen with Nikonos series cameras montuned on a rigid framework.
Videoquadrats are recorded with Hi-8 video cameras. The quadrats for all
of the above are placed at ten random number locations along the
50 m transect.
QUADRAT INTERSECT METHOD
This method utiliezes a quadrat that is partitioned by a series of lines
which intersect at regular intervals. After the quadrat has been placed on
the bottom, organisms or substrate type located under each intersection are
recorded. QUEST quadrats are "double-strung", so that one complete set
of lines lies about 1" above an identical set. The observer must line up
the upper and lower points of intersection before recording what lies under
them. This eliminates parallax based on the observer's position.
This method provides an estimate of the abundance of epibenthic organisms
like corals and algae. The principla advantage is that each quadrat can
be searched quickly, with many replicated quatdrats being searched during a
dive. The disadvantage is that uncommon or rare species seldom fall
under intersecting points and are therefore not recorded.
PERCENT COVER ESTIMATES
This requires the observer to estimate the percentage of the quadrat
area filled by each taxon or substrate type. Accuracy is enhanced
when the quadrats are broken into subsections. A typical 0.25 m**2
quadrat is divided into 16 subunits. Rare species are less overlooked
in this way in comparison with the point-intersect method. The
disadvantage is that it is time-intensive, limiting the number
of quadrats. Observer bias can also be very high, for instance,
those focusing on algae in a given area will not more algae,
while those focusing on coral, but looking at the same quadrat
would see more coral.
PHOTOQUADRATS
At each random location along the transect line, a color foto is taken.
Slides are analyzed using "point-intersect" at randomly generated
points.
VIDEOQUADRATS
A quadrat is placed on the bottom and the fauna within its boundary
are videotaped. Analysis is similar to photoquadrat method.
L. Hallacher and B. Tissot
19991231
Unknown
Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques: A Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop
None
Conference proceedings
Honolulu, Hawaii
East-West Center and the Hawaii Dept. of Natural Resources
Proceedings of the Hawaii Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop, June 9-11, 1998.
http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/quest/Quest1998.PDF
Field
CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Benthos analysis > Quadrat monitoring
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Census
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Marine Biology > Marine Invertebrates > Macroinvertebrates
None
Nearest neighbor distance
density estimation
Methods employed to survey mobile invertebrates include quadrat searches
and nearest neighbor measurements.
Excerpts from Hallacher and Tissot, 1999:
SURVEYING SOLITARY MACROINVERTEBRATES
QUADRAT SEARCH: Quadrats are placed at random locations along
the transect line and searched for macroinvertebrates. Quadrat
size is 1 m**2. Numerous replicate suadrats can be used to calculate how
sample organisms are distributed in space, specifically whtether they
are randomly distributed, aggregated, or uniformly spaced. The
method tends to overlook small, inconspicuous, or rare species.
NEAREST NEIGHBOR MEASUREMENTS: For invertebrates that are widely spaced
over the reef, like some urchin species, any one of several nearest
neighbor Distance methods can be used to estimate density. The random
point to nearest method is used. A transect line is deployed and the
diver proceeds down the line to the first of a series of locations
selected by randomly generated numbers. The observer then measures
the distance from the transect line location to the nearest target
organism (Tripneustes gratilla-- urchin). From the measurements,
densities are calculated. Patterns of spacing between organisms
can be determined. This method is conducted without a quadrat. It
is a good estimate of absolute density for rare, or widely dispersed
organisms. The density estimates are sensitive to the spatial
distribution pattern of the organisms. The distance method assumes
a random spatial pattern.
L. Hallacher and B. Tissot
19991231
Unknown
Quantitative Underwater Ecological Surveying Techniques: A Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop
None
Conference proceedings
Honolulu, Hawaii
East-West Center and the Hawaii Dept. of Natural Resources
Proceedings of the Hawaii Coral Reef Monitoring Workshop, June 9-11, 1998.
http://www.coralreefnetwork.com/quest/Quest1998.PDF
See 'completeness report' and 'methodology description' sections of this metadata record.
19990525
Dr. Brian Tissot
Washington State University Vancouver
Coordinator, Science Programs
mailing address
14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue
Vancouver
WA
98686-9600
U.S.A.
(360) 546-9611
(360) 546-9037
Tissot@vancouver.wsu.edu
Mon-Fri 9-5PM Pacific Time
Phone/FAX/letter/e-mail
Unknown
Puako and Mahukona reefs along the coastline of the island of Hawaii
NOAA National Oceanographic Data Center
NODC User Services
not applicable
mailing and physical address
1315 East-West Highway, SSMC3, 4th Floor
Silver Spring
MD
20910
U.S.A.
301-713-3277 or 3280
301-713-3302
nodc.services@noaa.gov
8:30 AM through 6:00 PM, Monday through Friday EST
Phone/e-mail/FAX/voice mail message
Downloadable Data
NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor
does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC
cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or
omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to
function on a particular system.
MDB
MS Access 97
not applicable
LIST OF TABLES (* denotes keyword)
1) Table: Surveys
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Dive* Numerical assignment of each unique dive
Population Name of Dive site (Puako or Mahukona)
Location Puako: East or West (east or west entrance to Puako)
Mahukona: Inner or Outer (shallow or deeper transect)
Year
Date
Depth (ft)
Team
Comments
2) Table: Coral Data
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Dive*
Code* defined in table=Substrate codes
Quadrat
Grid No
Cover per cent
3) Table: Substrate codes
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Code* refers to "Code" in table=Coral Data
Species
Sort general type
Category substrate or non-substrate,
Coral
Code2 secondary code scheme used by QUEST
4) Table: Fish Data
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Dive*
Code* defined in table=Fish Names
Number count
Size estimate to centimeter
Side side of strip transect
Zone section along transect
5) Table: Fish Names
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Code* refers to "Code" in table=Fish Data
Species Name
Hawaiian Name
Common Name
Family Number* see table=Fish Families
6) Table: Fish Families
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Family Number* see table=Fish Names
Family
Phylogenetic sort
Name
7) Table: PCA
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Code* refers to "Code" in table=Fish Data
SumofNumber cumulative number
8) Table: Invertebrate Data
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Dive*
Code* defined in table=Invertebrate Names
Quadrat
Count
Comments
9) Table: Invertebrate Names
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Code* refers to "Code" in table=Invertebrate Data
Species Name
Common Name
Hawaiian Name
10) Table: Invertebrate Phyla
Field Description (as necessary)
------------------ ---------------------------------------------------------
Phylum
Phylogenetic sort
not required
10970000
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0000264
NODC Data Direct functions through standard Internet browsers; FTP capability required; access 'Data Direct' through the NODC website at www.nodc.noaa.gov; go to 'year 2000' and select NODC Accession #0000264.
PC, UNIX, or Mac; standard Internet browser; FTP capability
XLS
MS Excel 97
Not applicable
TABLES
See MS Access 'format information content'
QUERIES (EXTRACTIONS FROM THE MS ACESS DATABASE)
1) nodc_coral_data
Field 1: survey date, ignore the time component, ie, 0:00:00
Field 2: survey time, ignore the date component, ie, 12/30/99
Hawaiian Standard Time
Field 3: Dive
Field 4: Location
Field 5: Population (Location)
Field 6: Depth (ft)
Field 7: Team
Field 8: Survey comments
Field 9: Quadrat
Field 10: Grid No.
Field 11: Coral Comments
Field 12: Cover (%)
Field 13: Code (see subtrate table for definition)
2) nodc_fish_data
Field 1: survey date, ignore the time component, ie, 0:00:00
Field 2: survey time, ignore the date component, ie, 12/30/99
Hawaiian Standard Time
Field 3: Dive
Field 4: Location
Field 5: Population (Location)
Field 6: Depth (ft)
Field 7: Team
Field 8: Survey comments
Field 9: Code (see Fish Names for definition)
Field 10: Number
Field 11: Size
Field 12: Side
Field 13: Zone
3) nodc_invert_data
Field 1: survey date, ignore the time component, ie, 0:00:00
Field 2: survey time, ignore the date component, ie, 12/30/99
Hawaiian Standard Time
Field 3: Dive
Field 4: Location
Field 5: Population (Location)
Field 6: Depth (ft)
Field 7: Team
Field 8: Survey comments
Field 9: Quadrat
Field 10: Code (see Invertebrate Names for definition)
Field 11: Count
Filed 12: Invertebrate Comments
not required
10970000
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0000264
NODC Data Direct functions through standard Internet browsers; FTP capability required; access 'Data Direct' through the NODC website at www.nodc.noaa.gov; go to 'year 2000' and select NODC Accession #0000264.
PC, UNIX, or Mac; standard Internet browser; FTP capability
ASCII
ASCII text
comma-delimited
TABLES
See MS Access 'format information content'
QUERIES (EXTRACTIONS FROM THE MS ACESS DATABASE)
1) nodc_coral_data
Field 1: survey date, ignore the time component, ie, 0:00:00
Field 2: survey time, ignore the date component, ie, 12/30/99
Hawaiian Standard Time
Field 3: Dive
Field 4: Location
Field 5: Population (Location)
Field 6: Depth (ft)
Field 7: Team
Field 8: Survey comments
Field 9: Quadrat
Field 10: Grid No.
Field 11: Coral Comments
Field 12: Cover (%)
Field 13: Code (see subtrate table for definition)
2) nodc_fish_data
Field 1: survey date, ignore the time component, ie, 0:00:00
Field 2: survey time, ignore the date component, ie, 12/30/99
Hawaiian Standard Time
Field 3: Dive
Field 4: Location
Field 5: Population (Location)
Field 6: Depth (ft)
Field 7: Team
Field 8: Survey comments
Field 9: Code (see Fish Names for definition)
Field 10: Number
Field 11: Size
Field 12: Side
Field 13: Zone
3) nodc_invert_data
Field 1: survey date, ignore the time component, ie, 0:00:00
Field 2: survey time, ignore the date component, ie, 12/30/99
Hawaiian Standard Time
Field 3: Dive
Field 4: Location
Field 5: Population (Location)
Field 6: Depth (ft)
Field 7: Team
Field 8: Survey comments
Field 9: Quadrat
Field 10: Code (see Invertebrate Names for definition)
Field 11: Count
Filed 12: Invertebrate Comments
not required
10970000
https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/0000264
NODC Data Direct functions through standard Internet browsers; FTP capability required; access 'Data Direct' through the NODC website at www.nodc.noaa.gov; go to 'year 2000' and select NODC Accession #0000264.
PC, UNIX, or Mac; standard Internet browser; FTP capability
none
Download through via NODC's "Data Direct" system at the NODC homepage at www.nodc.noaa.gov or contact NODC for custom order. (When requesting data from the NODC, the desired data set may be referred to by the 7-digit number given in the RESOURCE DESCRIPTION field of this metadata record)
Usually within 24 hours if directly dwonloaded via Internet
Contact the NODC User Services Group via phone/FAX/E-mail: nodc.services@noaa.gov
Microsoft Access/EXCEL 97 or compatible software recommended
20000131
Unknown
Present
Unknown
20200329
20040131
Sheri Phillips
NOAA/NODC
Oceanographer
mailing and physical address
1315 East-West Highway, E/OC1, SSMC3, 4th Floor
Silver Spring
MD
20910
U.S.A.
301-713-3280 x127
301-713-3302
sheri.phillips@noaa.gov
9:30 AM - 6 PM Monday-Thursday
E-mail, phone, FAX, mail
FGDC Biological Data Profile of the Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata
FGDC-STD-001.1-1999
Local Time
None
None
None
Unclassified
Not Applicable
20040308044354
None
19920522
19990522
https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0000264_quest_hi_reefs.html
157