Hard and soft seafloor substrate map, derived from integrating two existing map products: hard and soft substrate maps derived from an unsupervised classification of multibeam backscatter and bathymetry derivatives, produced by NOAA Pacific Island Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), and shallow-water benthic habitat map of American Samoa, produced by NOAA Center for Coastal Monitoring and Assessment Biogeography Program. Please refer to separate metadata and documentation for these products: Substrate - hard bottom vs. soft bottom - 5 meter grid & 40 meter grid http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/pibhmc_amsamoa_rose_geomorph.htm Shallow-water benthic habitat map http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/us_pac_terr/ This data is for Rose Atoll, Territory of American Samoa, USA.
The hard and soft seafloor map previously produced by NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division is being used to improve sampling techniques for long-term ecosystem monitoring, to guide future ground-truthing operations and to identify coral-rich and species specific environments. By combining this initial product with the shallow-water benthic habitat map produced by NOAA Biogeography Branch, a more complete hard and soft substrate map is produced, which fills in many of the gaps in shallow water.
Two hard and soft substrate maps were produced by NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, one produced from data collected by the R/V AHI Reson 8101 240 kHz multibeam sonar, and a second using data collected by the NOAA ship Hi'ialakai Simrad em300 30 kHz multibeam sonar, covering deeper water. In both cases, the hard- soft substrate maps were derived using backscatter data, bathymetric variance (at 2 scales) and bathymetric rugosity. Bathymetry and backscatter data were resampled to 5 m grid cell size prior to the classification for shallow water product, and to 40 m grid cell size for the deeper water product. As no seafloor photographs for groundtruthing were available for Rose Atoll, the classification was unsupervised. However, in locations such as French Frigate Shoals, NWHI and Tutuila, American Samoa, where ground truth data were available, the same unsupervised classification method has been found to be a good predictor of substrate type in similar depth ranges and seafloor environments. The shallow-water habitat map produced by NOAA Biogeography Branch was derived by digitally delineating habitat boundaries from georeferenced sonar and orthorectified IKONOS satellite imagery in ArcGIS using the NOAA Habitat Digitizing extension. A first draft map was completed, and areas identified for ground validation. At each ground validation point benthic habitat was characterized by drop camera, free diving or surface observation. A second draft map was produced incorporating the ground validation data.
ground condition
These data are not to be used for navigation purposes. Please acknowledge the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) and the Pacific Islands Benthic Habitat Mapping Center (PIBHMC), and the Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research (JIMAR) and School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology (SOEST), University of Hawaii as the sources of this information.
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NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
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https://www.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/amsamoa_images/ros_5m_hs_int_445.png
PIBHMC, CRED, PIFSC, NOAA, JIMAR, NOS, NCCOS, CCMA, Biogeography Program
Data are collected for resource management and research purposes and are tested for internal consistency; however, no effort is made to compare these data to external references or to other published data.
These data are believed to be logically consistent though no tests were performed
Complete
Horizontal positioning system: GPS (SPS) Horizontal position accuracy: 25 meters
The process description to produce the CRED hard-soft substrate map can be found in the metadata for that product: Substrate - hard bottom vs. soft bottom - 5 meter grid ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/amsamoa/benthichabitatlayers/Rose_5m_hardsoft.txt Substrate - hard bottom vs. soft bottom - 40 meter grid ftp://ftp.soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc/website/data/amsamoa/benthichabitatlayers/Rose_40m_hardsoft.txt The process description to produce the Biogeography Program shallow-water benthic habitat map can be found in the metadata for that product: https://products.coastalscience.noaa.gov/collections/benthic/e99us_pac/ To combine the two maps, several steps had to be first taken with the Biogeography Program shallow-water benthic habitat map. First polygons were deleted that were not required for this product; the polygons where the Major Reef Structure (M_STRUCT) was either 'Unknown' or 'Other Delineations' were deleted, leaving only polygons where M_STRUCT was 'Coral Reef and Hardbottom' or 'Unconsolidated Sediment.' Polygons covering the lagoon were also deleted as these were covered by the 5-m hard bottom vs. soft bottom product. The polygon shapefile was then converted into an ArcGIS Raster, using the ArcGIS tool, 'Polygon To Raster.'The raster values were checked to ensure that the same value was equivalent to hard substrate as in the CRED hard-soft map, where 'Coral Reef and Hardbottom' was classed as 'hard' and 'Unconsolidated Sediment' was classed as 'soft'. To combine the three maps, the raster layers were mosaiced, using the ArcGIS tool, 'Mosaic To New Raster.'
none
These data are not to be used for navigational purposes. NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.
Arc ASCII can be converted to Arc Raster using ArcToolbox Conversion Tools (ASCIItoRaster).
