"Most evidence for ontogenetic migration of fishes from mangroves to coral reefs has been based on cross-sectional studies of <2 yr duration that have not considered annual variability in recruitment. Taking a longitudinal approach of following cohorts...

"Land based sources of pollution, such as heavy metals and pesticides, can have adverse effects on marine ecosystems, including fisheries. In Vieques, local concerns persist about the potential for land based sources of pollution to affect fish population...

"Worldwide coral reef ecosystems are being threatened by a range of human activities. Sedimentation, overfishing, global climate change, ship groundings, pathogens and pollution are some of the major human-related stressors impacting coral reefs. The east...

"Pollution has the potential to negatively alter coastal ecosystem health, including fisheries species, through direct impacts, food web effects and habitat degradation. Vieques is an island municipality of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, which lies off ...