Hyperspectroradiometer data from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Rapid Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program of 2001 in Support of the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (NODC Accession 0001446)

Frequently anticipated questions:

• What does this data set describe?
  1. How might this data set be cited?
  2. What geographic area does the data set cover?
  3. What does it look like?
  4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?
  5. What is the general form of this data set?
  6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
  7. How does the data set describe geographic features?
• Who produced the data set?
  1. Who are the originators of the data set?
  2. Who also contributed to the data set?
  3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
• Why was the data set created?
• How was the data set created?
  1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
  2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?
  3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?
• How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?
  1. How well have the observations been checked?
  2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
  3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
  4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
  5. How consistent are the relationships among the data, including topology?
• How can someone get a copy of the data set?
  1. Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?
  2. Who distributes the data?
  3. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set?
  4. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?
  5. How can I download or order the data?
• Who wrote the metadata?

What does this data set describe?

1. How might this data set be cited?
   Dr. Donald C. Potts, Siciliano, Ms. Daria, and UCSC, Unpublished material, Hyperspectroradiometer data from the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Rapid Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program of 2001 in Support of the Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative (NODC Accession 0001446).

   Online Links:

   • https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1446

2. What geographic area does the data set cover?

   West_Bounding_Coordinate: -170.50

   East_Bounding_Coordinate: -166.25

   North_Bounding_Coordinate: 25.50

   South_Bounding_Coordinate: 23.75

3. What does it look like?
4. Does the data set describe conditions during a particular time period?

   Beginning_Date: 13-Sep-2001

   Ending_Date: 24-Sep-2001

   Currentness_Reference: ground condition

5. What is the general form of this data set?

   Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: database

6. How does the data set represent geographic features?
   1. How are geographic features stored in the data set?
      
   2. What coordinate system is used to represent geographic features?
      
7. How does the data set describe geographic features?

   Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

   1) Directory ../../data Filename format commentGER_reef_categories.xls MS Excel Reflectance (%) versus wavelength for various substrate typesGER_reef_categories.csv ASCII redundant copyNOW_RAMP_Field_Guide.doc MS Word MetadataNOW_RAMP_Field_Guide.txt ASCII redundant copy 2) Directory ../../data/GERss (where ss= 01...07)This holds the datasets, each spectrum is a separate file.The raw output file has a header and 3 columns: (1) wavelength, (2) substrate upwelling radiance, and (3) downwelling Irradiance from reference plate. Only ballpark location given (name of reefor atoll). Note from Daria Siciliano:I have no notes on where the raw GER data was taken (which atoll, or lat long), because finding out if there were any spectral differences in the SAME species of corals across the NWHI chain was not an explicit goal of the research. I collected reflectance data for a number of substrates across the chain, but did not analyze it spatially as you can see from the analysis (we do not expect there to be any variability in spectral reflectance among the same species of corals taken at different atolls). (Matching ship location, date, and atoll provides the following):SAMPLING STATIONS: Location Date DirectoryFrench Frigate Shoals 20010913 GER01French Frigate Shoals 20010914 GER02French Frigate Shoals 20010915 GER03Maro Reef 20010920 GER04Maro Reef 20010921 GER05Maro Reef 20010922 GER06Maro Reef 20010924 GER073) Directory ../../data/spec_libraryHCRI-Spectral Library-Metadata-GER readings.xls* Excel, data fileHCRI-Spectral Library-Metadata-GER readings.csv* ASCII, This is the primary data file with description of substrate type, depth,size, morphology, and link to refectance filesThe following are output from the ENVI system.categories.hdrcategories.slicoralline_ave.txtpavement_ave.txtreef_categories.hdrreef_categories.slireef_categories2.hdrreef_categories2.slitable_ave.txtDirectories GERss (ss=01...07): output from ENVI

   Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none

Who produced the data set?

1. Who are the originators of the data set? (may include formal authors, digital compilers, and editors)
   • Dr. Donald C. Potts
   • Ms. Daria Siciliano
   • UCSC
2. Who also contributed to the data set?

   University of California Santa Cruz;Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative

3. To whom should users address questions about the data?
   Donald Potts

   University of California Santa Cruz

   Researcher

   Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   USA

   (831) 459-4417 (voice)

   potts@biology.ucsc.edu

Why was the data set created?

Support benthic mapping by ground truthing remote sensing images.

How was the data set created?

1. From what previous works were the data drawn?
2. How were the data generated, processed, and modified?

   Date: Unknown (process 1 of 1)

   Part 1: Hyperspectral Library of Benthic Substrates. The hyperspectral surveys were conducted using a hyperspectral radiometer (Geophysical and Environmental Research Corp. New York), encased in a custom-made underwater housing. The NOWRAMP 2000 expedition represents the first time an un-tethered underwater spectroradiometer was used in coral reef ecosystems. The instrument records upwelling Radiance (uW/cm2/sr) and, in conjunction with a Spectralon reference plate, downwelling Irradiance (uW/cm2) in 512 contiguous spectral bands, each 3 nm wide, spanning the visible and near IR (350-1050 nm). The ratio of these parameters yields per cent Reflectance, the physical parameter directly comparable with remotely sensed images. Readings were collected from the most common substrates including corals, algae, sand, rubble and pavement. The spectrometer was held at a 45 degree angle from a distance of 10cm from the target substrates. The instrument was pointed in the same plane of incident sunlight facing the sun, to avoid shading the target substrate. Great care was exercised in keeping the instrument as still as possible during spectra collection. Substrate identification to the highest possible taxonomic level (for coral and algae) or a detailed description of the physical substrate were collected with each reading, along with observations on depth, pigmentation, morphology, size of substrate and photographic documentation. Spectral readings were downloaded daily onto a PC laptop. The raw output file has a header and 3 columns: (1) wavelength, (2) substrate upwelling radiance, and (3) downwelling Irradiance from reference plate. The raw data were converted to Reflectance, and all ancillary information collected in the field was entered in a spreadsheet for each individual spectral reading. Several hundred spectral readings were collected during the 2000 and 2001 NWHI field campaigns. Spectra were grouped in different clusters and analyzed to identify consistent spectral features that could reliably identify the cluster. The ancillary information on taxa, morphology, pigmentation, etc. was used to guide the groupings. Spectral clusters were transformed to a spectral library (.sli), readable by the imaging software ENVI (copyright). Spectral libraries were further analyzed for spectral similarities and differences using techniques embedded in the ENVI (copyright) software. Part 2: Ground-truthing IKONOS satellite imagery and maps Ground-truth surveys were planned with the intent to represent a wide cross-section of the physical and biological environments. Depth, wave exposure, prevailing wind direction and other physical parameters were taken into consideration in the planning of ground-truth sites to insure that all habitats were adequately represented. A stratified sampling strategy based on preliminary satellite-derived benthic habitat maps was also used. A hierarchical habitat classification specific to the NWHI was developed based on feedback from the Hawaiian scientific community. This habitat classification was then modified to address a descriptive resolution aimed at mapping reef-building vs. non-reef building areas. At each ground-truth site an estimate of coral and macroalgal cover was derived both visually and using transect and quadrat methods. Photoquadrat techniques every other meter along the transect, or a video of the entire transect, were also collected. THESE DATA ARE NOT INCLUDED IN THIS SET. All sites were geocoded using a Trimble GeoExplorer 3 12 channel GPS receiver. A subset of the ground-truth data was used to guide supervised classifications of the IKONOS satellite imagery. All classifications were performed on atmospherically-corrected, georectified, water reflectance image data using the ENVI software. The remaining ground-truth data were used to determine the accuracy of the habitat classifications using three complementary measures based on error matrices defined below. The third measure (iii) was emphasized for this research: (i) Overall accuracy, the overall degree of agreement in the matrix (itincludes the component of accuracy resulting from chance alone) (ii) User accuracy (commission error), the probability that a classifiedpixel actually represents that category on the ground. This measureis important when carrying out change detection analysis (iii) Producer accuracy (omission error), the probability that any pixel in the image has been correctly assigned to its class. This measure is important in the context of this research as the probability that habitat termed "reef-building area" is correctly classified as such, or conversely, the probability that it is omitted in the classification.INSTRUMENT TYPES: hyperspectral radiometer (Geophysical and Environmental Research Corp. New York) GPS receiver (Trimble GeoExplorer 3 12 channel) Person who carried out this activity:
   

   Daria Siciliano

   University of California Santa Cruz

   graduate student

   Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

   Santa Cruz, CA
   

   USA

   (808)847-8256 (voice)

   daria@biology.ucsc.edu

3. What similar or related data should the user be aware of?

How reliable are the data; what problems remain in the data set?

1. How well have the observations been checked?
   
2. How accurate are the geographic locations?
   
3. How accurate are the heights or depths?
   
4. Where are the gaps in the data? What is missing?
   none
5. How consistent are the relationships among the observations, including topology?
   see Lineage - Process Step

How can someone get a copy of the data set?

Are there legal restrictions on access or use of the data?

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.

1. Who distributes the data set? (Distributor 1 of 1)
   
   NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center

   Attn: Data Access Group, User Services Team

   SSMC-3 Fourth Floor

   Silver Spring, MD
   

   USA

   301-713-3277 (voice)

   301-713-3302 (FAX)

   services@nodc.noaa.gov

   Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday

2. What's the catalog number I need to order this data set? Downloadable Data
3. What legal disclaimers am I supposed to read?

   NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

4. How can I download or order the data?
   • Availability in digital form:

     Data format:	MS Excel, MS Word, ASCII, and ENVI files
     Network links:	https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1446

   • Cost to order the data:
     Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data.

   • Special instructions:

     Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store.

Who wrote the metadata?

Dates:

Last modified: 29-Mar-2020
Last Reviewed: 01-Aug-2005
To be reviewed: 01-Aug-2006

Metadata author:

Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell

NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC

Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison

1000 Pope Road, MSB 316

Honolulu, Hawaii

USA

(808)-956-4105 (voice)

(808) 956-2352 (FAX)

caldwell@hawaii.edu

Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays

Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available

Metadata standard:

FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (FGDC-STD-001-1998)