CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Maug Islands, Marianas Archipelago in 2009

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Publication_Date: 20090508
Title:

CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Maug Islands, Marianas Archipelago in 2009

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet
Online_Linkage:

https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/pacific-islands/ecosystems/coral-reefs-pacific

Description:

Abstract:

To support a long-term NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program (CRCP) for sustainable management and conservation of coral reef ecosystems, from 15 April - 7 May 2009, reef fish assessment surveys were conducted, as a part of Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA), during the Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP) Cruise HI0903 in the Marianas Archipelago at biennial intervals by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED) at the NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC). During the cruise, 21 REA sites were surveyed at Maug Islands in the Marianas Archipelago. At the specific REA sites, fish biologists along with coral biologists, algal biologists and marine invertebrate zoologist entered the water and conducted a fine-scale (~300 m2) and high degree of taxonomic resolution REA survey to assess and monitor species composition, abundance, percent cover, size distribution, diversity, and general health of fish, corals, macro-invertebrates, and algae in shallow-water (< 35 m) habitats. Reef fish assessment surveys were focused on cataloging the diversity (species richness), abundance (numeric density [# fish 100 m-2] and biomass density [kg 100 m-2]) of diurnally active reef fish assemblages. Three complementary noninvasive underwater survey methods were used, including belt-transect, stationary point count, and roving-diver surveys. For all methods, fish were identified at the species level, when possible, and assigned to a size bin ranging from 1 to 200 cm based on a visual estimate of total fish length. Belt-transect (BLT) surveys were used to quantify the entire diurnal fish community (all size classes). In belt-transect surveys, two fish biologists swam side-by-side along three consecutively-placed, 25m transect lines. The BLT team swam each transect two times. During the initial swim-out, each fish diver recorded all fish larger than 20 cm observed within a 4-m wide belt perpendicular to their respective side of the transect (200 m2 area per line, 100 m2 per diver). On the return swim, each fish diver recorded all fish less than 20 cm observed within a 2-m wide belt (100 m2 area per line, 50 m2 per diver). The survey of large fish took approximately 5 min to complete while the survey of smaller fish took about 10 min to complete. All reef-associated fish, including those in the water column (including planktivores), were counted. Any coastal pelagic species (e.g., clupeids [sardines], belonids [beakfish], antherinids [silversides]) seen near the surface were not recorded. The stationary point count (SPC) method were used to quantify larger, more mobile reef fish species that can be missed on belt-transect surveys. In stationary point count survey, a fish biologist swam approximately 15 m away from a transect line concurrently being surveyed by the other two BLT fish biologists. The SPC biologist then recorded all fish greater than 25 cm in length that passed within a visually estimated 20-m diameter cylinder centered on the diver's fixed position (10-m radius, total area = 314 m2). The survey time for each stationary point count survey was 5 min and a total of four stationary point count surveys were conducted at each REA site. Roving-diver surveys were followed belt-transect and stationary point count surveys. As diver bottom time permitted, the fish assessment team conducted random swim surveys throughout the REA site area, recording, to the species level or the lowest recognizable taxon, the presence of reef fish not encountered during previous methods.

Purpose:

Part of a long-term monitoring program at biennial intervals which documents the state of the reefs.

Supplemental_Information:

Maximum depth was 22 meters. Fish species observed: Year Region Island Species TaxonName 2009 MARIAN Maug ABVA Abudefduf vaigiensis 2009 MARIAN Maug ACBL Acanthurus blochii 2009 MARIAN Maug ACDU Acanthurus dussumieri 2009 MARIAN Maug ACGU Acanthurus guttatus 2009 MARIAN Maug ACLE Acanthurus leucopareius 2009 MARIAN Maug ACLI Acanthurus lineatus 2009 MARIAN Maug ACNC Acanthurus nigricans 2009 MARIAN Maug ACNI Acanthurus nigricauda 2009 MARIAN Maug ACNF Acanthurus nigrofuscus 2009 MARIAN Maug ACNU Acanthurus nubilus 2009 MARIAN Maug ACOL Acanthurus olivaceus 2009 MARIAN Maug ACPY Acanthurus pyroferus 2009 MARIAN Maug ACTH Acanthurus thompsoni 2009 MARIAN Maug ACXA Acanthurus xanthopterus 2009 MARIAN Maug ALSC Aluterus scriptus 2009 MARIAN Maug AMFA Amblyeleotris fasciata 2009 MARIAN Maug AMCH Amphiprion chrysopterus 2009 MARIAN Maug AMCL Amphiprion clarkii 2009 MARIAN Maug ANCA Anampses caeruleopunctatus 2009 MARIAN Maug APFU Aphareus furca 2009 MARIAN Maug APAN Apogon angustatus 2009 MARIAN Maug APVI Aprion virescens 2009 MARIAN Maug ARME Arothron meleagris 2009 MARIAN Maug AUCH Aulostomus chinensis 2009 MARIAN Maug BAUN Balistapus undulatus 2009 MARIAN Maug BLEN Blenniidae sp 2009 MARIAN Maug BOAN Bodianus anthioides 2009 MARIAN Maug BOAX Bodianus axillaris 2009 MARIAN Maug BOMA Bothus mancus 2009 MARIAN Maug CATE Caesio teres 2009 MARIAN Maug CADU Cantherhines dumerilii 2009 MARIAN Maug CAPA Cantherhines pardalis 2009 MARIAN Maug CAAM Canthigaster amboinensis 2009 MARIAN Maug CASO Canthigaster solandri 2009 MARIAN Maug CAVA Canthigaster valentini 2009 MARIAN Maug CALU Caranx lugubris 2009 MARIAN Maug CAME Caranx melampygus 2009 MARIAN Maug CAAB Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos 2009 MARIAN Maug CEFL Centropyge flavissima 2009 MARIAN Maug CEHE Centropyge heraldi 2009 MARIAN Maug CEMU Centropyge multifasciata 2009 MARIAN Maug CESH Centropyge shepardi 2009 MARIAN Maug CEAR Cephalopholis argus 2009 MARIAN Maug CESX Cephalopholis sexmaculata 2009 MARIAN Maug CESO Cephalopholis sonnerati 2009 MARIAN Maug CESP Cephalopholis spiloparaea 2009 MARIAN Maug CEUR Cephalopholis urodeta 2009 MARIAN Maug CHAU Chaetodon auriga 2009 MARIAN Maug CHCI Chaetodon citrinellus 2009 MARIAN Maug CHEP Chaetodon ephippium 2009 MARIAN Maug CHLU Chaetodon lunula 2009 MARIAN Maug CHMR Chaetodon mertensii 2009 MARIAN Maug CHOR Chaetodon ornatissimus 2009 MARIAN Maug CHPU Chaetodon punctatofasciatus 2009 MARIAN Maug CHQU Chaetodon quadrimaculatus 2009 MARIAN Maug CHRE Chaetodon reticulatus 2009 MARIAN Maug CHTR Chaetodon trifascialis 2009 MARIAN Maug CHFN Chlorurus frontalis 2009 MARIAN Maug CHMC Chlorurus microrhinos 2009 MARIAN Maug CHAC Chromis acares 2009 MARIAN Maug CHAG Chromis agilis 2009 MARIAN Maug CHAM Chromis amboinensis 2009 MARIAN Maug CHMA Chromis margaritifer 2009 MARIAN Maug CHVA Chromis vanderbilti 2009 MARIAN Maug CHXA Chromis xanthura 2009 MARIAN Maug CHBR Chrysiptera brownriggii 2009 MARIAN Maug CIKA Cirrhilabrus katherinae 2009 MARIAN Maug CIFL Cirrhitichthys falco 2009 MARIAN Maug CIVR Cirripectes variolosus 2009 MARIAN Maug COAY Coris aygula 2009 MARIAN Maug COGA Coris gaimard 2009 MARIAN Maug CTCY Ctenochaetus cyanocheilus 2009 MARIAN Maug CTHA Ctenochaetus hawaiiensis 2009 MARIAN Maug CTSP Ctenochaetus sp 2009 MARIAN Maug CTSR Ctenochaetus striatus 2009 MARIAN Maug DARE Dascyllus reticulatus 2009 MARIAN Maug DATR Dascyllus trimaculatus 2009 MARIAN Maug DIHY Diodon hystrix 2009 MARIAN Maug ELBI Elagatis bipinnulata 2009 MARIAN Maug EPFA Epinephelus fasciatus 2009 MARIAN Maug EPHE Epinephelus hexagonatus 2009 MARIAN Maug EPMA Epinephelus maculatus 2009 MARIAN Maug EPML Epinephelus melanostigma 2009 MARIAN Maug FOFL Forcipiger flavissimus 2009 MARIAN Maug FOLO Forcipiger longirostris 2009 MARIAN Maug GEWA Genicanthus watanabei 2009 MARIAN Maug GNAU Gnathodentex aureolineatus 2009 MARIAN Maug GOVA Gomphosus varius 2009 MARIAN Maug GYUC Gymnosarda unicolor 2009 MARIAN Maug GYFL Gymnothorax flavimarginatus 2009 MARIAN Maug GYSP Gymnothorax sp 2009 MARIAN Maug HABI Halichoeres biocellatus 2009 MARIAN Maug HAHO Halichoeres hortulanus 2009 MARIAN Maug HAMT Halichoeres margaritaceus 2009 MARIAN Maug HAMA Halichoeres marginatus 2009 MARIAN Maug HAME Halichoeres melasmapomus 2009 MARIAN Maug HAOR Halichoeres ornatissimus 2009 MARIAN Maug HEFA Hemigymnus fasciatus 2009 MARIAN Maug HEPO Hemitaurichthys polylepis 2009 MARIAN Maug HETH Hemitaurichthys thompsoni 2009 MARIAN Maug HECH Heniochus chrysostomus 2009 MARIAN Maug ISDE Istigobius decoratus 2009 MARIAN Maug CHUB Kyphosidae sp 2009 MARIAN Maug KYCI Kyphosus cinerascens 2009 MARIAN Maug KYPA Kyphosus pacificus 2009 MARIAN Maug WRAS Labridae sp 2009 MARIAN Maug LABI Labroides bicolor 2009 MARIAN Maug LADI Labroides dimidiatus 2009 MARIAN Maug LAPE Labroides pectoralis 2009 MARIAN Maug LAXA Labropsis xanthonota 2009 MARIAN Maug LUBO Lutjanus bohar 2009 MARIAN Maug LUFU Lutjanus fulvus 2009 MARIAN Maug LUGI Lutjanus gibbus 2009 MARIAN Maug LUKA Lutjanus kasmira 2009 MARIAN Maug MAMA Macolor macularis 2009 MARIAN Maug MANI Macolor niger 2009 MARIAN Maug MAME Macropharyngodon meleagris 2009 MARIAN Maug MEAT Meiacanthus atrodorsalis 2009 MARIAN Maug MENI Melichthys niger 2009 MARIAN Maug MEVI Melichthys vidua 2009 MARIAN Maug MOGR Monotaxis grandoculis 2009 MARIAN Maug MUVA Mulloidichthys vanicolensis 2009 MARIAN Maug MYAM Myripristis amaena 2009 MARIAN Maug MYBE Myripristis berndti 2009 MARIAN Maug MYKU Myripristis kuntee 2009 MARIAN Maug MYMU Myripristis murdjan 2009 MARIAN Maug NAHE Naso hexacanthus 2009 MARIAN Maug NALI Naso lituratus 2009 MARIAN Maug NATO Naso tonganus 2009 MARIAN Maug NAUN Naso unicornis 2009 MARIAN Maug NAVL Naso vlamingii 2009 MARIAN Maug NEFE Nebrius ferrugineus 2009 MARIAN Maug NEMA Nemateleotris magnifica 2009 MARIAN Maug NEAR Neocirrhites armatus 2009 MARIAN Maug NEOP Neoniphon opercularis 2009 MARIAN Maug NESA Neoniphon sammara 2009 MARIAN Maug NOTA Novaculichthys taeniourus 2009 MARIAN Maug OSME Ostracion meleagris 2009 MARIAN Maug OXDI Oxycheilinus digramma 2009 MARIAN Maug OXUN Oxycheilinus unifasciatus 2009 MARIAN Maug PAAR Paracirrhites arcatus 2009 MARIAN Maug PAFO Paracirrhites forsteri 2009 MARIAN Maug PAHE Paracirrhites hemistictus 2009 MARIAN Maug PACL Parapercis clathrata 2009 MARIAN Maug PAMI Parapercis millepunctata 2009 MARIAN Maug PACY Parupeneus cyclostomus 2009 MARIAN Maug PAIN Parupeneus insularis 2009 MARIAN Maug PAMU Parupeneus multifasciatus 2009 MARIAN Maug PEOU Pempheris oualensis 2009 MARIAN Maug PEJA Pervagor janthinosoma 2009 MARIAN Maug PLTA Plagiotremus tapeinosoma 2009 MARIAN Maug PLDI Plectroglyphidodon dickii 2009 MARIAN Maug PLIM Plectroglyphidodon imparipennis 2009 MARIAN Maug PLJO Plectroglyphidodon johnstonianus 2009 MARIAN Maug PLLA Plectroglyphidodon lacrymatus 2009 MARIAN Maug POIM Pomacanthus imperator 2009 MARIAN Maug POVA Pomacentrus vaiuli 2009 MARIAN Maug POGU Pomachromis guamensis 2009 MARIAN Maug PSPA Pseudanthias pascalus 2009 MARIAN Maug PSEV Pseudocheilinus evanidus 2009 MARIAN Maug PSHE Pseudocheilinus hexataenia 2009 MARIAN Maug PSOC Pseudocheilinus octotaenia 2009 MARIAN Maug PSTE Pseudocheilinus tetrataenia 2009 MARIAN Maug PSMO Pseudodax moluccanus 2009 MARIAN Maug PSAT Pseudojuloides atavai 2009 MARIAN Maug PSCE Pseudojuloides cerasinus 2009 MARIAN Maug PTEV Ptereleotris evides 2009 MARIAN Maug PTTI Pterocaesio tile 2009 MARIAN Maug PYDI Pygoplites diacanthus 2009 MARIAN Maug RHRE Rhinecanthus rectangulus 2009 MARIAN Maug SACA Sargocentron caudimaculatum 2009 MARIAN Maug SADI Sargocentron diadema 2009 MARIAN Maug SAMI Sargocentron microstoma 2009 MARIAN Maug SASP Sargocentron spiniferum 2009 MARIAN Maug SATI Sargocentron tiere 2009 MARIAN Maug SAGR Saurida gracilis 2009 MARIAN Maug PARR Scaridae sp 2009 MARIAN Maug SCAL Scarus altipinnis 2009 MARIAN Maug SCFO Scarus forsteni 2009 MARIAN Maug SCRU Scarus rubroviolaceus 2009 MARIAN Maug SCSP Scarus sp 2009 MARIAN Maug SPBA Sphyraena barracuda 2009 MARIAN Maug STFA Stegastes fasciolatus 2009 MARIAN Maug STBN Stethojulis bandanensis 2009 MARIAN Maug STST Stethojulis strigiventer 2009 MARIAN Maug SUBU Sufflamen bursa 2009 MARIAN Maug SUCH Sufflamen chrysopterum 2009 MARIAN Maug LIZA Synodontidae sp 2009 MARIAN Maug THAM Thalassoma amblycephalum 2009 MARIAN Maug THLU Thalassoma lutescens 2009 MARIAN Maug THPU Thalassoma purpureum 2009 MARIAN Maug THQU Thalassoma quinquevittatum 2009 MARIAN Maug THAL Thunnus albacares 2009 MARIAN Maug TROB Triaenodon obesus 2009 MARIAN Maug VAST Valenciennea strigata 2009 MARIAN Maug VALO Variola louti 2009 MARIAN Maug ZACO Zanclus cornutus 2009 MARIAN Maug ZEFL Zebrasoma flavescens

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20090429
Ending_Date: 20090501

Currentness_Reference: Ground condition

Status:

Progress: In Work
Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: asNeeded

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: 145.189541
East_Bounding_Coordinate: 145.247908
North_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.05008
South_Bounding_Coordinate: 20.002458

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CRCP Project
Theme_Keyword:

Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP): Biennial monitoring for the U.S. Pacific Islands and Atolls

Theme_Keyword: 1221

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: Marine Ecosystem
Theme_Keyword: Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (RAMP)
Theme_Keyword: Rapid Ecological Assessments (REA)
Theme_Keyword: Coral Reef
Theme_Keyword: Reef Fishes
Theme_Keyword: Belt Transect (BLT) Survey
Theme_Keyword: Stationary Point Count (SPC )Surveys
Theme_Keyword: Roving-diver surveys
Theme_Keyword: Marianas Archipelago
Theme_Keyword: Maug Islands
Theme_Keyword: HI0903

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Biology

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs
Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral reef ecology

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Rapid assessment studies

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Stationary

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Random swimming

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef monitoring and assessment > Reef fish census > Belt transect

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: 002

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: Marianas Archipelago
Place_Keyword: Maug Islands

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
Place_Keyword:

OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Western Pacific Ocean > Maug Island > Maug Island (20N145E0001)

Place_Keyword:

COUNTRY/TERRITORY > Northern Mariana Islands > Maug > Maug Island (20N145E0001)

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
Place_Keyword: CNMI

Access_Constraints: Data are available two years following data collection date.
Use_Constraints:

Please cite CRED when using the data. Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization:

Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC), National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)

Contact_Person: Ivor Williams

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address
Address: NOAA IRC
Address: NMFS/PIFSC/CRED
Address: 1845 WASP Blvd., Building 176
City: Honolulu
State_or_Province: HI
Postal_Code: 96818
Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808 725-5360
Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 808 725-5429
Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: nmfs.pic.credinfo@noaa.gov
Contact_Instructions: e-mail preferred

Data_Set_Credit:

"Robert Schroeder, Marc Nadon, Paula Ayotte, Valerie Brown, Marie Ferguson", Coral Reef Ecosystem Division (CRED), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sciences Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA

Security_Information:

Security_Classification_System: Not applicable
Security_Classification: Unclassified
Security_Handling_Description: Not applicable

Native_Data_Set_Environment: Oracle

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Observations at each site were made by three divers who are experts in fish taxonomy. The team of three REA fish divers rotated roles with two divers performing belt-transect surveys and one diver performing stationary point counts at each survey site. Observations were periodically checked during the expedition for consistency between divers, and little discrepancy was ever noted between divers. It should be noted, however, that this data set is quite large, and probably includes typographical or other errors that might be discovered at a future date.

Logical_Consistency_Report:

The same methods of data collection were used at each of the sites surveyed at this location, and were conducted by the same scientists. Periodic examination of the data through the duration of the trip showed no signs of diver bias or other discrepancies.

Completeness_Report:

The survey sites were selected to be representative of the coral reef habitats at this reef system. Efforts were made to include broad spatial coverage of the reef area, but weather conditions or other environmental constraints may have precluded the team from surveying windward or exposed sites.

Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Report: GPS unit
Quantitative_Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 1
Horizontal_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Report: Dive computer and SCUBA depth gauge
Quantitative_Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Assessment:

Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Value: 0.3
Vertical_Positional_Accuracy_Explanation: Instrument parameters

Lineage:

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

REA surveys are investigations that provide a high degree of taxonomic resolution for coral, algae, other macroinvertebrate, and reef fish communities. The surveys were conducted using a combination of dive teams which generally included a two to three person fish team, a two person coral/coral disease team, and a combined team of two algae biologists and one macroinvertebrate biologist. The majority of REA surveys were conducted along the forereef slopes of individual islands at depths between 10 and 20 m. However, additional surveyed habitats included a lagoonal-type patch reef and offshore oceanic banks. During REA surveys, biological assessment teams follow highly structured protocols that are repeated at each REA site. Upon arrival at an REA site, three teams of divers enter the water over spaced time intervals. The fish team firstly enters the water and deploys a 25-m transect line. Two of the fish divers begin to survey along that transect while the remaining fish diver begins stationary point count assessments in the general vicinity. After approximately 20 min, the coral team enters the water and begins to work along the first transect line. By this time the fish team has deployed and begun surveys along a second 25-m transect. About 10 min later, the algal/invertebrate team enters the water and begins surveying the first transect. In total, the fish team surveys three transects at each site (transects 1, 2, and 3), and the coral and algal/invertebrate teams survey transects 1 and 2. The sampling effort takes between 60 and 80 min to complete. The selection of REA sites was made in close consultation with Coral Reef Advisory Group (CRAG) and local agencies. Factors considered during REA site selection included: (1) ensuring a range of sample sites representative of the benthic and reef fish habitats around each island; (2) selecting a mixture of sites within and outside of marine protected areas; (3) selecting a mixture of both 'impacted' and 'least impacted' sites; (4) selecting some sites adjacent to local villages, and (5) selecting a number of sites that could be compared to and complement previous assessment and monitoring work as well as future coral reef monitoring proposed by CRAG and local agencies. It is important to note that access to REA sites can be limited by wave exposure, weather conditions, and other environmental factors such as currents, which can affect the ability to resurvey sites between years. Transect placement was guided by: (1) a focus on hard-bottom communities; (2) deploying lines along an isobath to the extent possible at each site, and (3) laying the transect lines into the prevailing current.

Process_Date: Unknown

CRED REA Reef Fish Assessment Survey at Maug Islands, Marianas Archipelago in 2009

Metadata: