Samples of water column chemical analyses were collected mostly in the upper 1000m using Niskin bottles mounted on a rosette. The strategy was to sample at density horizons within the main thermocline at pressure horizons above and below this region (i.e., <150 dbar and >2000 dbar). Care was applied to ensure the highest possible accuracy and precision.
Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000639
Data transfer to NOAA via the NODC/NCDDC Hawaii Liaison, Mr.Patrick C. Caldwell.
Upon arrival at ALOHA (station 2), operations commence with a deep cast (maximum depth approximately 4750 m), 36-hour burst sampling3 of the upper 1000 m at the same location, plus CTD casts to support ancillary JGOFS work of about an extra 12 hours duration. Time permitting, the last CTD cast of the cruise will be a deep cast. On occasion, one cast will be done at station 3 (40 miles north of ALOHA at 23 25' N, 158 W).
The second and following casts at station ALOHA are sampled to at least 1000 m depth. Cast 2 is called a "density cast" because water samples are taken at a number of specified density values ranging from [sigma-theta]= 27.37 to the surface with the intent to resolve the profiles of salinity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients in potential density coordinates Depths sampled during the following casts within the 36-hour burst sampling period are chosen both by the JGOFS group and the WOCE team, who have to ensure that at least one water sample each is taken within the mixed layer, the shallow salinity maximum, the intermediate salinity minimum and the deepest position of the rosette for calibration of the CTD conductivity sensor. If oxygen bottles will be taken from the cast, then the sampling should include at least the mixed layer, oxygen maximum, oxygen minimum and the deepest rosette position for calibration of the CTD oxygen sensor. The second deep cast of the cruise (if there is one) should include sampling of oxygen bottles in at least seven levels appropriate for calibration of the CTD oxygen sensor, i.e. in the oxycline and two more levels below the oxygen minimum, in addition to the four levels mentioned before.
Water samples are collected during HOT cruises using a 24 place rosette. Samples of salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate and silicate are regularly taken from both shallow and deep water casts. Salinity samples are taken back to the University of Hawaii where they are measured using an Autosal salinometer . Phosphate, nitrate and silicate samples are also measured at the University of Hawaii while oxygen measurements are conducted aboard ship during the cruises.
The primary objective of the HOT program is to assess variability in the central Pacific Ocean on annual and interannual time scales. One of our most important concerns, therefore, is to ensure that the highest possible precision and accuracy is consistently maintained for all water column chemical measurements. In order to achieve the highest possible data quality, we have instituted a quality-assurance/quality-control program, and have attempted to collect all ancillary information necessary to ensure that our data are not biased by sampling artifacts.
Because sampling is over 36 hours, one can average out the effects short-term changes of the depth of density surfaces and the magnitude of hydrographic and nutrient variables (inertial, tidal, and shorter periods).
1992 Winn, C., S. Chiswell, E. Firing, D. Karl and R. Lukas. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 2, 1990. SOEST Tech. Rept. 92-1, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 175 pp.
1993 Winn, C., R. Lukas, D. Karl and E. Firing. Hawaii Ocean Time- series Program Data Report 3, 1991. SOEST Tech. Report 93-3, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 228 pp.
1993 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D. Hebel, R. Lukas, D. Karl and E. Firing. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 4, 1992. SOEST Tech. Report 93-14, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 248 pp.
1994 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D. Hebel, E. Firing, F. Bingham, R. Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 5, 1993. SOEST Tech. Report 94-5, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 156 pp.
1995 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D. Hebel, E. Firing, R. Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 6, 1994. SOEST Tech. Report 95-6, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 199 pp.
1996 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, C. Nosse, D. Hebel, E. Firing, R. Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 7, 1995. SOEST Tech. Report 96-7, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 228 pp.
1997 Tupas, L., F. Santiago-Mandujano, D. Hebel, C. Nosse, L. Fujieki, E. Firing, R. Lukas, and D. Karl. Hawaii Ocean Time-series Program Data Report 8, 1996. SOEST Tech. Report 97-8, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, 296 pp.
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