A total of 925 taxa including 749 species were observed or collected in Waikiki, and 384 taxa including 317 species at Kuapa Pond-Maunalua Bay. Of these 52 species designated introduced or cryptogenic (collectively termed NIS) were identified at Waikiki, for an NIS component of 6.9% of the total species identified for the 15 stations. By comparison 58 NIS were observed or collected at Kuapa Pond-Maunalua Bay amounting to an NIS component of total species of 18%. Forty-six of the 52 NIS were new reports for Waikiki, and 56 of the 58 NIS new for Kuapa Pond- Maunalua Bay sites. However, all but three species, hydroids collected from Waikiki designated cryptogenic, were previously reported elsewhere in Hawaii, with first reports mostly in Pearl Harbor, Honolulu Harbor or Kaneohe Bay. The high incidence of first reports for Waikiki and the Hawaii Kai area in this study are clearly effort related, since these were the first comprehensive sampling efforts that have been conducted at these locations.
This dataset includes the complete report from this study in PDF format and output from the relational database as spreadsheet files.
B. Bishop Museum Collections Bishop Museum collections databases for algae, invertebrates, malacology and ichthyology were reviewed for all marine or estuarine organisms indicated to have been collected in Waikiki, Kuapa Pond and Maunalua Bay. The retrieved data were assembled into a combined database for containing taxa identity, taxonomic authority, collection location and date, collector and collector's notes, when available.
C. Field Surveys Samples were collected from 15 sites at Waikiki and five sites in the Hawaii Kai area, two within Kuapa Pond and three in Maunalua Bay using methods previously employed on non indigenous species surveys in Hawaii, Midway and Johnston Atoll. Collections and observations were made by two experienced investigators sampling as large a variety of habitats as possible at each station while snorkeling or using Scuba. One diver recorded the identities of abundant invertebrate macrofauna and macroalgae and all fishes swimming in the area, The second diver sampled organisms from hard surfaces and sediments from the intertidal zone to the base of the reef. Macro-organisms were collected by hand, hard surfaces were scraped with a chisel, and several liters of coral rubble were placed in an 80 um mesh bag and transported back to the laboratory for later'inspection and removal of cryptic organisms. When present at a survey site, whole macroalgae plants were collected and preserved in 70% ethanol, and epiphytic organisms were later rinsed from the algae and preserved in ethanol for future processing. Collected organisms and substratum, which range 4-8 liters in total volume for each station, were inspected on site, and selected hydroids, anemones and tunicates were removed and relaxed in a solution of Epsom salts and seawater before preserving in 5% formalin. The remaining organisms were preserved on site in 70% alcohol before returning the samples to the laboratory for sorting and identification of organisms. Sediment dwelling organisms were sampled at each Waikiki station, using cores 12.5 cm diameter by 15 cm deep pushed into the substratum. Sediments obtained were sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh screen and the organisms retained by the screen, which were placed in plastic bags and preserved in 70% alcohol until processing.
Specimens collected were sorted and identified to species or the lowest practicable taxa, using dissecting or compound microscope magnification when necessary. Identifications were made using descriptions available in Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii Sections 1 to 4 (published), 5 and 6 (unpublished), various taxonomic references, and voucher specimens in the Bishop Museum collections. Specimens from various groups were sent to taxonomic experts for final identifications.
For the following Excel spreadsheets, CSV ASCII files were saved with a file name made as the name of the sheet appended to the name of the master Excel spreadsheet file.
File Comment HK_NIS_bystation.xls Hawaii Kai NIS HK_NIS_bystation_NIS_x_station.csv HK_NIS_bystation_sheet1.csv HK_NIS_bystation_sheet2.csv HK_NIS_bystation_sheet3.csv HK_NIS_bystation_sheet4.csv
HK_species_bystation2.xls Hawaii Kai all species HK_species_bystation2_All.csv HK_species_bystation2_Inverts-Fish.csv HK_species_bystation2_Table.csv HK_species_bystation2_sheet3.csv
Waikiki_Station_Dates.xls Sampling dates, depths, locations Waikiki_Station_Dates.cxv
Waikiki_NIS_bystation.xls Waikiki NIS Waikiki_NIS_bystation_algae.csv Waikiki_NIS_bystation_all.csv Waikiki_NIS_bystation_fish.csv Waikiki_NIS_bystation_inverts.csv
Waikiki_species_bystation.xls Waikiki all species Waikiki_species_bystation_Groups.csv Waikiki_species_bystation_algae.csv Waikiki_species_bystation_all.csv Waikiki_species_bystation_fish.csv Waikiki_species_bystation_inverts.csv Waikiki_species_bystation_sheet5.csv