Continuous water quality monitoring to determine the cause of coral reef ecosystem degradation for coastal Windward Oahu streams during 2002 (NODC Accession 0001070)

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information
• CoRIS

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Dr. Edward Laws

Originator: Department of Oceanography

Originator: School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology

Originator: University of Hawaii

Publication_Date: Unpublished material

Title:

Continuous water quality monitoring to determine the cause of coral reef ecosystem degradation for coastal Windward Oahu streams during 2002 (NODC Accession 0001070)

Online_Linkage: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1070

Description:

Abstract:

Kaneohe and Waimanalo streams on the windward side of the island of Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands have been hardened to prevent flooding. The hardening process has involved elimination of the natural riparian habitat and replacement of the natural stream channel with a concrete-lined conduit having vertical walls and a broad, flat bottom. The shallow depth of the water column and the absence of shade have resulted in temperatures that average as much as 4-5oC above ambient and rise as high as 32oC during daylight hours. Unlike most low-order streams, the hardened sections of both streams are autotrophic, as evidenced by elevated pH values and O2 concentrations as high as 150% of saturation. Several allochthonous inputs, one from a storm sewer and the other from a natural spring, introduced water with anomalously low O2 concentrations and very high nitrate concentrations. The absence of sediments in the hardened sections of the streams precludes natural sedimentary microbial processes, including denitrification. Nitrate concentrations in a section of Waimanalo Stream with a natural streambed drop dramatically from values in excess of 400 ?M to concentrations less than 10 ?M at the head of the estuary. Although some of this decline is due to dilution with seawater, the concentration of nitrate at the head of the estuary is only 10% of the value that could be explained by dilution effects. Biological processes associated with a natural streambed thus appear very important to the functionality of the streams and in particular to their ability to process allochthonous nutrient inputs in a way that minimizes impacts on the nearshore environment. Prevention of flooding can be accomplished by mechanisms that do not involve elimination of riparian buffer zones and destruction of channel habitat. To maintain water quality and stream functionality, it will be important that these alternative methods of flood control be utilized. Converting natural streams to storm sewers is an unenlightened way to address flooding problems.

Purpose:

Quantify the effects of stream hardening on water quality and stream functionality and the effects on the near shore coral ecosystem.

Supplemental_Information:

NOAASupplemental:Entry_ID: UnknownSensor_Name: water quality sensorsProject_Campaign: Hawaii Coral Reef InitiativeOriginating_Center: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at ManoaStorage_Medium: MS Excel, MS Word, CSV ASCII, ASCII TEXTOnline_size: 6152 Kbytes

Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0001070

Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 20020204

Beginning_Time: 0800

Ending_Date: 20021121

Ending_Time: 1700

Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: funding dependent

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.805

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -157.7100

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.4108

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 21.3600

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Theme_Keyword: coastal streams

Theme_Keyword: water quality

Theme_Keyword: biogeochemical data

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Water Quality

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus

Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Contaminants

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Light Transmission

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Chemical

Theme_Keyword:

EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Pollution

Theme:

Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category

Theme_Keyword: inlandWaters

Theme_Keyword: 012

Theme_Keyword: environment

Theme_Keyword: 007

Theme_Keyword: structure

Theme_Keyword: 017

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus

Place_Keyword:

OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Kaneohe Bay (21N157W0004)

Place_Keyword:

COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Kaneohe Bay (21N157W0004)

Place_Keyword:

OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Oahu (21N157W0003)

Place_Keyword:

COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Oahu (21N157W0003)

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region

Place_Keyword: MHI

Place:

Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None

Place_Keyword: Kaneohe, Oahu, Hawaii

Place_Keyword: Waimanalo

Place_Keyword: Kaneohe Bay

Place_Keyword: Kailua Bay

Place_Keyword: Kaneohe Stream

Place_Keyword: Waimanalo Stream

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints:

NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Edward Laws

Contact_Organization:

Department of Oceanography
School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology
University of Hawaii

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: physical and mailing

Address: 1000 Pope Road, Marine Science Building

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96822

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7402

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: elaws@hawaii.edu

Data_Set_Credit:

Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative,Department of Oceanography,School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology,University of Hawaii

Native_Data_Set_Environment: MS Excel and Word

Data_Quality_Information:

Logical_Consistency_Report: see Lineage - Process Step

Completeness_Report: quality control complete

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: American Public Health Association

Publication_Date: 1998

Title:

Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th ed.

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Alexandria, VA

Publisher: Water Environment Federation

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Single_Date/Time:

Calendar_Date: 1998

Source_Currentness_Reference: publication date

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: APHA, 1998

Source_Contribution: standard methods

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Waimanalo Stream was sampled along the Kahawai tributary and below the confluence of Kahawai and Waimanalo Streams near the mouth of the stream where it discharges into Waimanalo Bay. Most of the Waimanalo Stream stations were sampled a total of 10-12 times at roughly 3-4 week time intervals during the period February-October, 2002. Kaneohe Stream sampling was carried out at roughly three-week intervals during the period June-November, 2002. Most Kaneohe Stream stations were sampled a total of nine times. Waimanalo stations 2-5 and 7 lie along a hardened section of the stream that extends for a distance of approximately 0.8 km upstream and immediately downstream of Kalanianaole Highway. Station 1 lies immediately upstream of the hardened section. Station 6 is the effluent from an underground storm sewer that discharges beneath the Kalanianaole Highway bridge. Stations 7-9 lie at the beginning, midpoint, and end, respectively, of a stream restoration project carried out by the Waimanalo Watershed Project. Station 10 is at the head of the Waimanalo Stream estuary. In the Kaneohe Stream study, station 1 is located in a natural stream channel with no upstream hardening. Station 5 is the effluent from a spring that seeps into Kamooalii Stream near the Likelike Highway culvert. Station 10 is immediately downstream of the hardened section of the stream in the head of the Kaneohe Stream estuary. The remaining stations are located along the hardened section of Kamooalii/Kaneohe Stream. Water samples were collected in 250-ml plastic bottles and immediately placed in an ice chest. Measurements of temperature, pH, oxygen concentration, and turbidity were made in the field. Temperature was recorded to the nearest 0.1oC with a thermometer calibrated at 0oC (ice bath) and 100oC (boiling water). Oxygen concentrations were recorded with a YSI model 58 dissolved oxygen meter. pH was recorded to the nearest 0.1 using an IQ Scientific model 3000 portable pH meter. In the laboratory, the water samples were filtered through pre-weighed glass fiber filters (Whatman GFF) with a nominal porosity of 0.7 ?m. The filters were dried in a drying oven at 105oC to constant weight. The filters were weighed on a Mettler model H20T analytical balance to the nearest 0.01 mg. Duplicates were run on random samples as a check on precision. Blanks were run by filtering 250 mL of distilled water through a filter. The weight of material collected on the filters ranged from a few milligrams to several tens of milligrams. The blank correction was less than 0.1 mg. The concentration of total suspended solids (TSS) was calculated from the difference in the weights of the filter before and after filtering. The filtrate from the suspended solids filtration step was transferred to plastic bottles and processed for nutrient concentration measurements. The filtrates were frozen if not immediately analyzed. Concentrations of nitrate + nitrite (hereafter, nitrate), phosphate, and silicate were measured on the filtrate using colorimetric techniques on a Technicon Instruments AutoAnalyzer. The procedures used for the colorimetric assays adhered to those described in APHA (1998). Limits of detection were 0.5 ?M for silicate and 0.1 ?M for nitrate and phosphate. Concentrations of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) and total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) were determined by first oxidizing the filtrates with an Ace-Hanovia ultraviolet light photo-oxidation unit and then assaying for nitrate and phosphate, respectively. Concentrations of particulate nitrogen (PN) and particulate phosphorus (PP) were calculated by assuming that the TSS contained 0.35% nitrogen and 0.11% phosphorus byweight (Laws and Ferentinos 2002). Concentrations of total nitrogen (TN)and total phosphorus (TP) were then calculated as TDN + PN and TDP + PP,respectively.

Source_Used_Citation_Abbreviation: APHA, 1998

Process_Date: Unknown

Process_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Dr. Edward Laws

Contact_Organization:

Department of Oceanography
School of Earth and Ocean Science and Technology
University of Hawaii

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: physical and mailing

Address: 1000 Pope Road, Marine Science Building

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: HI

Postal_Code: 96822

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 808-956-7402

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: elaws@hawaii.edu

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Overview_Description:

Entity_and_Attribute_Overview:

Data received in MS Excel and MS Word. RedundantASCII copies were made of each as CSV or TXT format.1) Directory: data/excelFILENAMESHCRIdata.xlsHCRIdata_Kaneohe.csvHCRIdata_waimanalo.csvFORMATS:xls: MS Excelcsv: ASCII Comma-Separated-format; redundant copy of each sheetCONTENTData files (Columns defined in each file or sheet)2) Directory: data/reportFILENAMESHCRImaps.docfigure1.jpgfigure2.jpgFORMATS:doc: MS WORDjpg: jpeg plotCONTENTS:Maps of station locations. Figures in HCRImaps.docwere printed then scanned into the two JPG filesFILENAMESnoaareport.docnoaareport.txtFORMATS:doc: MS WORDtxt: ASCII copyCONTENTS:Complete report

Entity_and_Attribute_Detail_Citation: none

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/National Oceanographic Data Center

Contact_Person: Data Access Group, User Services Team

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical

Address: SSMC-3 Fourth Floor

Address: 1315 East West Highway

City: Silver Spring

State_or_Province: MD

Postal_Code: 20910-3282

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: 301-713-3277

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: 301-713-3302

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: services@nodc.noaa.gov

Hours_of_Service: 8am-5pm, Monday through Friday

Resource_Description: Downloadable Data

Distribution_Liability:

NOAA makes no warranty regarding these data, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. NOAA and NODC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in these data, nor as a result of the failure of these data to function on a particular system.

Standard_Order_Process:

Digital_Form:

Digital_Transfer_Information:

Format_Name: MS Excel, MS Word, CSV ASCII, ASCII TEXT

Digital_Transfer_Option:

Online_Option:

Computer_Contact_Information:

Network_Address:

Network_Resource_Name: https://accession.nodc.noaa.gov/1070

Fees:

Prices vary depending on data set, output medium and ordering mechanism. A standard handling charge, with additional costs for special handling, may be added to the basic cost of the data.

Ordering_Instructions:

Prepayment by check, money order or bank card is required. Orders may be placed via fax, email, regular mail, telephone or via the NNDC Online Store.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20170124

Metadata_Review_Date: 20050801

Metadata_Future_Review_Date: 20060801

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Person_Primary:

Contact_Person: Mr. Patrick C. Caldwell

Contact_Organization: NOAA/NESDIS/NODC/NCDDC

Contact_Position: Hawaii/US Pacific Liaison

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing

Address: 1000 Pope Road, MSB 316

Address: Dept. of Oceanography

Address: University of Hawaii at Manoa

City: Honolulu

State_or_Province: Hawaii

Postal_Code: 96822

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (808)-956-4105

Contact_Facsimile_Telephone: (808) 956-2352

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: caldwell@hawaii.edu

Hours_of_Service: 8 AM to 5 PM weekdays

Contact_Instructions: check services@nodc.noaa.gov if not available

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

CoRIS:

CoRIS_ID: 20081028025043

CoRIS_Children: None

CoRIS_Beginning_Date: 20020204

CoRIS_Ending_Date: 20021121

CoRIS_Metadata_Link:

https://www.coris.noaa.gov/metadata/records/html/nodc_0001070.html

CoRIS_Tracking_ID: 805