The marine and estuarine invertebrate and fish communities in Pearl Harbor, Oahu, Hawaii were surveyed between January and October, 1996. Samples were taken and observations were made at fifteen stations throughout the harbor, in a variety of environments ranging from near oceanic conditions at the harbor entrance channel to areas receiving land runoff with high sediment loads and turbidity. All organisms were identified to species or the highest practicable taxonomic level, and results were compared to previous published and unpublished marine biological surveys conducted in the harbor, published taxonomic descriptions of organisms collected from the harbor and Pearl Harbor specimens cataloged in the Bernice P. Bishop Museum collections. All data were entered on a relational database at the Bishop Museum (database is not included in this dataset) which enables tracking the appearance of individual species with time. Based on a number of criteria, nonindigenous and cryptogenic (i. e. origin unsure, but with good evidence of being introduced) species were designated and their introductions noted on a timeline beginning from the first organisms reported in Pearl Harbor in the last century. This study collected or observed a total of 434 species or higher taxa (36 algae, 1 spermatophyte, 338 invertebrate and 59 fish) from the 15 stations sampled, the highest number of taxa that have been collected for any Pearl Harbor study. Ninety six species, or about 22%, are considered to be introduced or cryptogenic. The areas of highest species richness were in the entrance channel and in Rainbow Bay at the northeast head of East Loch where number of taxa were around 150. Lowest species richness occurred in the areas of high sedimentation and turbidity at the head of West Loch where fewer than 50 taxa occurred. Dendrographs based on Sorensen Indices of Similarity of species composition among stations suggest three types of communities in the harbor, one associated with relatively oceanic conditions in channel areas, one with the highly turbid West Loch sedimentary environment and one with conditions prevailing throughout the rest of the harbor. This report also contains historical maps, a chronology of important events, and a bibliography of related work.
The primary purpose was to identify non-indigenous or invasive species in the Pearl Harbor ecosystem.
NOAASupplemental: Entry_ID: Unknown Sensor_Name: SCUBA, visual census Source_Name: manual Project_Campaign: Department of Defense Legacy Project Number 10 Originating_Center: Bishop Museum Storage_Medium: PDF, MS WORD, MS EXCEL, ASCII Online_size: 13.6 megabytes Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0000330
Ground condition
Dataset credit required
Bishop Museum, 1525 Bernice St.
E-mail/phone/letter
Department of Defense Legacy Project Number 10 and Department of Natural Sciences Bernice P. Bishop Museum
see Lineage - Process Step
the survey was 100% completed
introduced exotic species
introduction of non-indigenous marine species
A. Literature Search - A variety of sources of information on the environmental conditions and biological communities of the harbors on Pearl Harbor on Oahu were examined. Literature consulted included published papers in the open scientific literature, taxonomy-based monographs and books, unpublished reports for environmental studies in the harbor, and newspaper and magazine articles that were concerned with the development or environmental and biological communities of the harbor. Resources that were consulted in this search were the libraries of Bishop Museum, the University of Hawaii, and the Pacific Maritime Center. Environmental reports and Environmental Impact Statements and Assessments were reviewed from the University of Hawaii Environmental Center, the Hawaiian Electric Co. Environmental Department and AECOS Inc. An annotated bibliography of all the literature assembled is presented in file prlapb.doc and prlapb.txt B. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Collections - Bishop Museum collections for algae, invertebrates, malacology and ichthyology were reviewed for all marine or estuarine organisms indicated to have been collected in or near the entrance of Pearl Harbor. For the malacology and ichthyology collections this involved noting the specimens in the collection catalogs that were designated as collected from Pearl Harbor and entering these on a database with information on species name, year of collection, collectors name, and collectors notes if available. For the algal and invertebrate collections the entire collections were entered on a database and the Pearl Harbor specimens were retrieved by computer query. The retrieved data were combined and assembled into a general computer Access database of Pearl Harbor organisms which have been cataloged and stored in Bishop Museum. This information is included with the general listing of all taxa in Pearl Harbor developed from all sources and presented in prlapc.doc and prlapc.txt. C. Field Surveys Sampling at each station consisted of collecting fouling organisms growing on hard surfaces from the intertidal zone to the bottom, which ranged in depth from 0.5 to 8 m for stations not at the shoreline. Collections were made by two experienced investigators sampling as large a variety of habitats as possible while snorkeling or using scuba. Both organisms and the substrata they were growing in were collected, retained in a 200 nm mesh net and then preserved in 70% alcohol on site before returning the samples to the laboratory for sorting and identification of organisms. Investigators also recorded presence of megafauna, macroalgae and fish species observed at each station. Sediment-dwelling organisms and their substratum were collected at Stations 1-14 by inserting a 12.5 cm cylinder 15 cm into the sediment, closing off the bottom and top with lids and then transporting the sample to the laboratory where it was sieved through a 0.5 mm mesh size screen. A subsample of 10 to 25 cm3 was retained from each sample for determination of micromollusc populations. Specimens collected were sorted and identified to species or the highest practicable taxa, using dissecting or compound microscope magnification where necessary. Identifications were made using descriptions available in Reef and Shore Fauna of Hawaii Sections 1 to 4 (published) and 5 to 6 (unpublished), various taxonomic references, and voucher specimens in the Bishop Museum collections. Specimens from various groups were sent to taxonomic experts for identification or verification of preliminary identifications. A trapping program was conducted for six weeks from 12 September to 23 October 1996 at stations in East, Middle and West Lochs and the entrance channel. Traps were rectangular (79x76x38 cm) with one funnel opening each and a mesh size of 1.27 cm. Five traps were used in each deployment, checked weekly and were at each site a total of two weeks. Fish and invertebrates caught in the traps were identified on site and released, or returned to laboratory for identification when identification on site was not feasible.
Files available as Microsoft Excel, Word, and PDF format. Redundant ASCII copies of each file were made. *.doc :MS Word *.txt :redundant copie as ASCII (text with line breaks) *.xls :MS Excel *.csv : redundant ASCII copy *.pdf :Acrobat PDF format In directory ../data/PDF FILENAME COMMENT MarBiol.pdf Paper submitted to Marine Biology MarBiol.txt redundant text copy In directory ../data/MSWORD FILENAME COMMENT prlfnrp.doc Final report including tables, historic charts, and discussion prlfnrp.txt redundant text copy prlapa.doc APPENDIX A. Chronology of Important Events in Pearl Harbor prlapa.txt redundant text copy prlapb.doc APPENDIX B. Annotated Bibliography of Pearl Harbor Published and Unpublished Literature prlapb.txt redundant text copy prlapc.doc APPENDIX C. Legacy Project - Species Report prlapc.txt redundant text copy prlaph.doc APPENDIX H. List of Authors, Taxonomic Consultants and Acknowledgments of Assistance for the Pearl Harbor Legacy Study prlaph.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_ref.doc References prlfnrp_ref.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_staloc.doc Station locations (GPS positions and descriptions) prlfnrp_staloc.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab01.doc Table 1. Sampling dates and activities for Pearl Harbor stations. SL=Shoreline, BF=Benthic Fouling, BC=Benthic Sediments, FO=Fish Observations prlfnrp_tab01.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab02.doc Table 2. Total number of non-sediment taxa observed or sampled at Pearl Harbor stations in 1996 and numbers of genera or species never previously reported in Pearl Harbor. prlfnrp_tab02.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab03.doc Table 3. Fish and invertebrates caught in Pearl Harbor fish traps from 12 September to 23 October 1996. prlfnrp_tab03.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab04.doc Table 4. Organisms occurring in sediments at Pearl Harbor stations, 1996. prlfnrp_tab04.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab05.doc Table 5. Total reports by decade of introduced species collected or observed in Pearl Harbor in 1996. prlfnrp_tab05.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab06.doc Table 6. Total reports by decade of introduced species not collected or observed in Pearl Harbor in 1996. prlfnrp_tab06.txt redundant text copy prlfnrp_tab06b.doc Table 6b. Origins or previously known distributions of introduced species collected in Pearl Harbor in 1996 (listed phylogenetically within geographic category). prlfnrp_tab06b.txt redundant text copy In directory ../data/PDF FILENAME COMMENT Stations.xls Station name and location Stations.csv Nonindig_By_Station.xls Listing by nonindigenous species Nonindig_By_Station.csv Records_By_Station.xls Listing of all species Records_By_Station.csv
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