Abstract:
The effects of both point and non-point sources of pollution on coral reef ecosystems in Mamala Bay were studied at three levels of biological organization; the cell, the population and the community. The results show a uniform lack of negative environmental impact. Calcification and growth show no relation to point or non-point sources of pollution within the bay. Neither do species abundance patterns, diversity or community structure. Changes in water quality caused by rainfall and wave events are too small and too short lived to affect coral reef ecosystems in the bay. Species abundance patterns and community structure of coral ecosystems in the bay appear to be related to the effects of large hurricane wave events in 1982 (Iwa) and 1992 (Iniki). Recovery of coral reef ecosystems in Mamala Bay is now taking place from damage sustained during and after these storms, and from an earlier period of severe environmental degradation prior to 1977 when raw sewage was discharged into the bay at 13 m depth off Sand Island. Not withstanding future disturbances, existing sources of point and non-point source pollution are not expected to interfere with the recovery process now ongoing in Mamala Bay, and long-term biological processes should eventually return the coral ecosystem to a more mature successional stage. This data set includes surveys from 16 stations in Mamala Bay with comparisons to Hanauma Bay and Sunset Beach. Coral data types include percent coral cover, calcification rates of P. Lobata, bioerosion of P. Lobata, and coral species diversity. The data also includes water quality parameters for control periods, after wave events, and after rain events. Finally, data from sediment traps are given.
Purpose:
The purpose of the Mamala Bay Study is to develop an Integrated Coastal Management Plan in order to protect the environment and public health of this unique embayment off leeward Oahu in the Hawaiian Islands. Having resulted from a Consent Decree of the United States District Court in Honolulu, Hawaii, the study called specifically for: 1) An analysis of point and non-point source discharges into Mamala Bay, 2) A determination of the effects of these discharges on water quality, ecosystems and public health, and 3) A management plan to reduce pollution and improve water quality in the bay. The study was divided into twelve sub-projects. This report presents the results of one part of MB-9 which dealt with ecosystem response and was charged with identifying pollution impacts on target or receptor aquatic species in the water column and benthic environments.
Supplemental_Information:
NOAA Supplemental: Entry_ID: Unknown Sensor_Name: SCUBA, photography, Niskin Bottles, sediment traps, electronic planimeter Project_Campaign: Mamala Bay project MB-9: Ecosystem Response Study Originating_Center: Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa Storage_Medium: MS Word, MS Excel, and CSV ASCII Online_size: 3239 Kbytes
Resource Description: NODC Accession Number 0001172
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: NCEI Geoportal Filter
Theme_Keyword: CoRIS_Metadata
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Theme_Keyword: coral ecosystem
Theme_Keyword: coastal data
Theme_Keyword: Percent coral cover
Theme_Keyword: calcification of P.Lobata
Theme_Keyword: bioerosion of P.Lobata
Theme_Keyword: species diversity
Theme_Keyword: water quality
Theme_Keyword: sedimentation
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Discovery Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: Numeric Data Sets > Habitats
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Theme Thesaurus
Theme_Keyword: EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Aquatic Habitat > Coastal Habitat
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > Coral Cover
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Coral Growth > Calcification Rate
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Erosion > Bioerosion
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Oceans > Coastal Processes > Coral Reefs > Coral Reef Ecology > BioDiversity
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Hydrosphere > Water Quality > Light Transmission
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Pollution
Theme_Keyword:
EARTH SCIENCE > Biosphere > Zoology > Corals > Reef Damage Assessment > Coral Recovery
Theme:
Theme_Keyword_Thesaurus: ISO 19115 Topic Category
Theme_Keyword: biota
Theme_Keyword: 002
Theme_Keyword: environment
Theme_Keyword: 007
Theme_Keyword: oceans
Theme_Keyword: 014
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Place Thesaurus
Place_Keyword:
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Waikiki (20N155W0001)
Place_Keyword:
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Waikiki (20N155W0001)
Place_Keyword:
OCEAN BASIN > Pacific Ocean > Central Pacific Ocean > Hawaiian Islands > Oahu Island > Diamond Head (21N157W0016)
Place_Keyword:
COUNTRY/TERRITORY > United States of America > Hawaii > Honolulu > Diamond Head (21N157W0016)
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: CoRIS Region
Place_Keyword: MHI
Place:
Place_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Place_Keyword: North Pacific
Place_Keyword: Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Mamala Bay, Oahu, Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Sand Island Outfall, Mamala Bay, Oahu
Place_Keyword: Waikiki
Place_Keyword: Honouliuli Sewage Outfall, Honolulu, Hawaii
Place_Keyword: Ewa Beach
Place_Keyword: Diamond Head
Stratum:
Stratum_Keyword_Thesaurus: None
Stratum_Keyword: benthic
NOAA and NODC would appreciate recognition as the resource from which these data were obtained in any publications and/or other representations of these data.
Mamala Bay Project Dept. of Oceanography University of Hawaii at Manoa